Boemo ba moea ba Europe bo ntse bo ntlafala 'me palo ea batho ba shoang kapele kapa ba kulang ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea moea e ntse e fokotseha. Leha ho le joalo, ho latela tlhahlobo ea European Environment Agency (EEA), e hatisitsoeng kajeno, tšilafalo ea moea e sa ntsane e le kotsi e khōlō ka ho fetisisa ea bophelo ba tikoloho Europe, ’me ho hlokahala mehato e matla haholoanyane ho finyella litataiso tse thehiloeng ho bophelo bo botle tsa Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo (WHO).
EEA e phatlalalitse ka botlalo 'Boleng ba moea Europe 2022' assessment, presenting the boemo ba boleng ba moya Europe, ho lekola litlamorao tsa tšilafalo ea moea ho bophelo bo botle 'me tikoloho, le ho hloaea mehloli ea mesi ea moea.
Ho latela tlhahlobo ea EEA, tšilafalo ea moea e ntse e tsoela pele likotsi tse kholo tsa bophelo bo botle Europe, ho baka mafu a sa foleng le ho shoa pele ho nako. Ka 2020, 96% ea baahi ba litoropong ba EU ba ile ba pepesetsoa lintho tse ngata tse ntle (PM).2.5) ka holimo ho tekanyo ea tataiso ea WHO ea li-microgramme tse 5 ka cubic meter (µg/m3) ea moea. Tšilafalo ea moea e boetse e senya mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang le ho senya lijalo tsa temo le meru, e leng se bakang tahlehelo e khōlō ea moruo
Bonyane batho ba 238,000 ba bolailoeng ke likaroloana tse ntle tsa EU
Moea o fokolang, haholo-holo ka libaka tsa litoropo, e tsoela pele ho ama bophelo bo botle ba baahi ba Europe. Ho latela likhakanyo tsa morao-rao tsa EEA, bonyane Batho ba 238,000 ba shoele pele ho nako EU ka 2020 ka lebaka la ho pepesehela PM2.5 tšilafalo e ka holimo ho tekanyo ea tataiso ea WHO ea 5 µg/m3. Tšilafalo ea nitrogen dioxide e lebisitse ho 49,000, le ho pepesehela ozone ho mafu a pele a 24,000 ho EU.
Hape le lefu la pele ho nako, tšilafalo ea moea e baka ho kula 'me e eketsa litšenyehelo tse kholo lefapheng la tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Mohlala, ka 2019, ho pepesetsoa PM2.5 e lebisitse ho lilemo tse 175,702 tse phelang le bokooa (YLDs) ka lebaka la boloetse bo sa foleng ba pulmonary ho pholletsa le linaha tsa 30 tsa Europe.
Tlhokomeliso: Joalo ka lilemo tse fetileng, litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle ba litšila tse fapaneng tsa moea ha lia lokela ho kenyelletsoa hammoho ho qoba ho baloa habeli ka lebaka la ho fetana ha data. Sena ke 'nete bakeng sa lefu le ho kula.
Ho tloha 2005 ho isa 2020, palo ea batho ba shoang kapele ho tloha ho pepesehela PM2.5 e theohile ka 45% EU. Haeba mokhoa ona o ntse o tsoela pele, EU e lebelletsoe ho fana ka leano la ts'ebetso ea ts'ilafalo sepheo ea phokotso ea 55% ea batho ba shoang pele ho nako ka 2030.
Leha ho le joalo, ho tla hlokahala boiteko bo bong ho fihlela pono ea tšilafalo ea lefela bakeng sa 2050 ea ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea ho ea maemong a seng a sa nkoe a le kotsi bophelong.
Tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, tšenyo merung, lijalo
Tšilafalo ea moea le eona e kotsi tikoloho ea mobu le metsi. Ka 2020, maemo a senyang a naetrojene a ile a bonoa ho 75% ea kakaretso ea tikoloho ea EU. Sena se emetse phokotso ea 12% ho tloha ka 2005 ha sepheo sa EU leano la ts'ilafalo e le ho fihlela phokotso ea 25% ka 2030.
Ho latela tlhahlobo ea EEA, 59% ea libaka tse meru mme ho 6% mobu oa temo li ile tsa pepesetsoa maemo a senyang a ozone ea boemo ba fatše Europe ka 2020. Litahlehelo tsa moruo ka lebaka la litlamorao tsa ozone ea boemo ba fatše ho kotulo ea koro li bile teng ka kakaretso ea EUR 1.4 bilione linaheng tse 35 tsa Europe ka 2019, ka tahlehelo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e bonoang Fora, Jeremane. , Poland, le Türkiye.
Ho feta halofo ea likhase tse tsoang tšebelisong ea matla mehahong
The mohloli o moholo oa tšilafalo ea lintho tse itseng Europe e tsoa ho ho chesoa ha mafura lefapheng la bolulo, khoebo le litsi, tlhahlobo ea EEA e bontša. Mesi ena haholo-holo e amahanngoa le ho chesa libeso tse tiileng bakeng sa ho futhumatsa mehaho. Ka 2020, lekala le ne le ikarabella bakeng sa 44% ea PM10 le 58% PM2.5 tlhahiso. Mehloli e meng ea bohlokoa ea litšila tsena e kenyelletsa indasteri, lipalangoang tsa litsela le temo.
Temo e ne e boetse e ikarabella bakeng sa bongata bo boholo (94%) ba mesi ea ammonia le ho feta halofo (56%) ea methane e tsoang. Bakeng sa nitrogen oxides, mehloli e meholo e ne e le sepalangoang tseleng (37%), temo (19%), le indasteri (15%).
Ka kakaretso, tlhahiso ea litšila tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa moea ho EU e ile ea tsoela pele ho theoha ka 2020. Mokhoa ona o tsoetse pele ho tloha 2005 ho sa tsotellehe keketseho e kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa naha tsa EU (GDP) ka nako e tšoanang, tlhahlobo ea EEA e hlokomela.
Semelo sa maano
The Tlhahiso ea Green European e ikemiselitse ho ntlafatsa boleng ba moea le ho hokahanya litekanyetso tsa boleng ba moea tsa EU haufi-ufi le tse nchafalitsoeng Litataiso tsa boleng ba moea tsa WHO. EU leano la ts'ebetso ea ts'ilafalo e beha pono ea 2050 ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea, metsi le mobu ho ea maemong a seng a nkuoa a le kotsi ho bophelo bo botle le tikoloho ea tlhaho.
Ka Mphalane 2022, Khomishene ea Europe e sisintse tokiso ea Taelo ea Boleng ba Moea oa Ambient, e kenyeletsang menyako e thata ea tšilafalo, tokelo e matlafalitsoeng ea moea o hloekileng - ho kenyelletsa le litokisetso tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng bakeng sa baahi ho kopa matšeliso bakeng sa tšenyo ea bophelo bo botle ka lebaka la tšilafalo ea moea - melao e matlafalitsoeng ea ho hlahloba boleng ba moea, le boitsebiso bo molemo ba sechaba.
Hlokomela ho bahlophisi
EEA esale e hakanya ho shoa ha moea ka lebaka la ho pepesehela tšilafalo ea moea ho tloha 2014. Ho fihlela 2021, EEA e ne e sebelisa. Tlaleho ea WHO ea 2013 likhothaletso bakeng sa bopaki ba likotsi tsa bophelo bo botle ba tšilafalo ea moea. Litlhahlobong tsa selemo sena, EEA e sebelisa lekhetlo la pele likhothaletso tse ncha bakeng sa litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle tse boletsoeng ho 2021 WHO litataiso tsa boleng ba moea.
Ka lebaka la phetoho ea mekhoa, palo e hakanyetsoang ea batho ba shoang e theohile ho feta pele, 'me EEA e ntlafalitse likhakanyo tsa eona tsa pejana ho beha leihlo tsoelo-pele e sa fetoheng le phetoho e lekanyelitsoeng ho sepheo sa morero oa ts'ilafalo.
Liphuputso tse ling li bonts'a hore litlamorao tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa le lefu la pele, li ka ba teng ka nako maemo a tlase a tshilafalo ya moya. EEA e hakantse litlamorao tse phahameng haholo tsa bophelo bo botle 'boithutong bo ikhethileng', bo akarelitsoeng tlalehong ea litaba tsa bophelo bo botle.
