Ho latela phuputso e ncha, DNA e tsoang ho livaerase tse sa tsoa sibolloa e tšoana le DNA ea virophages, e fana ka maikutlo a hore likokoana-hloko li ka thabela tšireletso e itseng ho livaerase tse kholo ka lebaka la livaerase tse "kenyellelitsoeng" tse lulang liphatseng tsa bona tsa lefutso.
Ha sehlopha sa bafuputsi se ntse se hlahloba liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe, se ile sa sibolla ntho e makatsang: livaerase tse likete tse neng li sa tsejoe pele li ne li “patiloe” ho DNA ea likokoana-hloko.
Bafuputsi ba fumane DNA ea livaerase tse fetang 30,000 tse kentsoeng ka har'a liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe, ba tlaleha thutong ea bona e ncha. Ba hlalosa hore DNA ea kokoana-hloko e ka lumella sele e amohelang ho ikatisa livaerase tse feletseng, tse sebetsang hantle.
"Re ile ra makatsoa haholo ke bongata ba livaerase tseo re li fumaneng tlhahlobong ena," ho boletse sengoli se etelletseng pele Christopher Bellas, setsebi sa tikoloho se ithutang livaerase Univesithing ea Innsbruck e Austria. Maemong a mang, ho fumanoa hore karolo ea 10 lekholong ea DNA ea kokoana-hloko e entsoe ka likokoana-hloko tse patehileng.”
"Livaerase tsena ha li bonahale li kula 'me li ka ba molemo," bafuputsi ba ile ba eketsa. Tse ling tsa livaerase tse ncha li tšoana le li-virophages, mofuta oa kokoana-hloko e tšoaetsang likokoana-hloko tse ling tse lekang ho tšoaetsa sele e amohelang batho.
Bellas o re: "Hobaneng ha likokoana-hloko tse ngata hakana li fumanoa liphatseng tsa lefutso tsa likokoana-hloko ho ntse ho sa hlaka. “Khopolo ea rona e kholisang ka ho fetesisa ke hore li sireletsa sele hore e se ke ea tšoaetsoa ke livaerase tse kotsi ho eona.
Ho phela Lefatšeng ho bolela ho loants'a likokoana-hloko - likokoana-hloko tse atileng haholo lefatšeng, 'me li kopane li tšoaetsa mofuta o mong le o mong oa bophelo. Li fapane haholo, li sebelisa maqheka a mangata a fapaneng ho tlatlapa li-cellular tsa tsona.
Ho sa tsotellehe likhang tsa semantic mabapi le hore na likokoana-hloko lia phela, ka sebele li ikenya bophelong ba lintho tse ling tse phelang. Ba bang ba bile ba ikatisetsa ka ho kenya DNA ea bona seleng eo ba e amohelang le ho fetoha karolo ea genome ea eona.
Ha sena se etsahala ka seleng ea kokoana-hloko, se ka fella ka li-endogenous viral elements (EVEs), kapa DNA ea kokoana-hloko, e fetisoang ho tloha molokong o mong ho ea ho o mong ka mefuta e mengata.
Bo-rasaense ba fumane EVE linthong tse ngata tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa liphoofolo, limela le li-fungus. Ka mohlala, liphoofolo tse anyesang li na le likaroloana tse sa tšoaneng tsa kokoana-hloko ho DNA ea tsona, ’me hoo e ka bang karolo ea 8 lekholong ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa motho e na le DNA e tsoang ho mafu a khale a bakoang ke kokoana-hloko. Bangoli ba thuto ba hlalosa hore boholo ba tsena ha li sa sebetsa ebile li nkuoa e le "masaletsa a genomic."
Patlisiso e fana ka maikutlo a hore li-EVE li ka ikamahanya le maemo ho batho le linthong tse ling, mohlomong tsa thusa ho thibela livaerase tsa sejoale-joale.
Sena ke 'nete ho li-eukaryote tse ngata tse nang le sele e le' ngoe, bafuputsi ba bontša, ba hlokomela hore likokoana-hloko tsena li atisa ho tšoaetsoa le ho bolaoa ke likokoana-hloko tse khōlō.
Haeba virophage e se e ntse e le ka har'a sele, e ka boela ea hlophisa kokoana-hloko e kholo ho haha li-virophages ho e-na le ho ikatisa, e leng monyetla oa ho pholosa moamoheli.
Ho latela phuputso e ncha, DNA e tsoang ho livaerase tse sa tsoa sibolloa e tšoana le DNA ea li-virophages, e fana ka maikutlo a hore likokoana-hloko li ka thabela tšireletso e itseng ho livaerase tse kholo ka lebaka la livaerase tse "kenyellelitsoeng" tse lulang liphatseng tsa bona tsa lefutso.
Lipatlisiso tsa EVE ho fihlela joale li tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo-holo ho liphoofolo le limela, bafuputsi ba ngotse, ka tlhokomelo e fokolang ho baetsi ba litšoantšo - likokoana-hloko tsa eukaryotic tseo e seng liphoofolo, limela kapa li-fungus.
Ho sibolla likete tsa likokoana-hloko tse ncha tse patiloeng ho DNA ea likokoana-hloko e ne e se sepheo sa pele sa Bellas le basebetsi-'moho le eena, ba neng ba rerile ho ithuta sehlopha se secha sa likokoana-hloko tse fumanoang metsing a Gossenköllese, e leng letša la alpine profinseng ea Austria ea Tyrol.
Bellas o re: “Qalong ka lipatlisiso tsa rōna, re ne re batla ho fumana hore na ‘livaerase tse kang polinton’ li simolohile hokae.
Leha ho le joalo, re ne re sa tsebe hore na ke likokoana-hloko life tse neng li atisa ho tšoaetsoa ke livaerase tsena. Ke kahoo re entseng phuputso e kholo ea ho hlahloba likokoana-hloko tsohle tseo DNA ea tsona e tsejoang ka tatellano ea tsona.”
Ho etsa sena, ba ile ba kopa thuso ea Leo, sehlopha sa k'homphieutha se sebetsang hantle haholo Univesithing ea Innsbruck se ka hlahlobang lintlha tse ngata.
Ha ba hlokomela liphatsa tsa lefutso tse tsoang ho virophages le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse ngata tsa likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko, bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa qeto ea ho tebisa thuto ka ho sebelisa Leo ho hlahloba ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa protist.
Ba fumane li-EVEs "li patiloe libakeng tse pheta-phetoang, tse thata ho hokahanya tsa li-genome tsa eukaryotic tse sa tšoaneng," ba ngola, ba hlokomela hore likete tsa likokoana-hloko tse kopantsoeng li bontša hore li etsa karolo ea bohlokoa, e neng e sa ithutoe pele ea liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa protist.
Boithuto bona bo boetse bo fumane bopaki ba hore li-EVEs tse ngata tsa protist ha se mesaletsa ea tlhaho feela empa ke livaerase tse sebetsang, bafuputsi ba ekelitse, "ba fana ka maikutlo a hore mefuta e fapaneng ea likarolo tsena e kanna ea ba karolo ea sistimi ea antiviral ea moamoheli."
Mohloli: sciencealert
Tlhokomeliso: Boithuto bona bo phatlalalitsoe ho Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.
Senepe ka Ha ho letho le ka Pele: https://www.pexels.com/photo/words-in-dictionary-4440721/
