Utshintsho lwakutsha nje kumgaqo-nkqubo wokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kurhulumente waseDenmark lukhokelele ekwandeni kokunganeliseki phakathi kwabaphambukeli, ngakumbi amaSilamsi.
(Amanqaku eefoto: Ngu RhinoMind – Umsebenzi ongowakho, CC BY-SA 4.0)
Imonotoni yeendawo ezivulekileyo kunye nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi e-Edwin Rahrs Vej, indlela edityaniswe neepaki zemizi-mveliso, kunye 'neeghetto' phakathi kwezinye iindawo, yaphulwa yi-façade enemibala ye-Bazar Vest, indawo yokuthenga e-Aarhus. Apha, umntu unokufumana yonke into engeyiyo entshonalanga-ukusuka kwiziqholo zaseNdiya ukuya kwi-hijabs.
I-Bazar Vest yaphuhliswa yinkampani yokwakha yase-Danish i-Olav de Linde ngaphezulu kwe-11,000 ye-square metres ngo-1996, kunye neevenkile eziqeshiswayo kakhulu kubaphambukeli abavela kuMbindi Mpuma. Umbono yayikukubadibanisa kuluntu lwaseDenmark ngamathuba emisebenzi.
Ukuba iBazar ichaza oko iDenmark inokukunika umphambukeli ophakathi, ubomi babantu abasebenza ngaphakathi kuyo bubonisa ubunzima obukhulayo bomphambukeli oqhelekileyo elizweni.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, urhulumente waseDenmark uye wazisa ukubulawa kwamanyathelo enze ubomi babafuduki baseDenmark banzima. Ezinye zezi zibandakanya ukurhoxiswa kwamaphepha-mvume okuhlala eembacu, ukuvulwa kwamaziko okugxothwa, ukuzisa imithetho eyahlukeneyo yabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abasuka kwamanye amazwe okanye 'kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni', kunye nokunciphisa izifundo zolwimi lwesiNgesi kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi.
IDenmark yabona ukuthontelana okukhulu kwabafuduki, ngakumbi abavela eTurkey, kwiminyaka yama-60s kunye ne-70s, ixesha apho yamkela abafuduki ukuba bajoyine abasebenzi bayo abancinci. Namhlanje, nangona kunjalo, abaphambukeli, ngakumbi amaSilamsi, baziva becalulwe, bengamkelekanga, kwaye benyanzelwa ukuba bamkele inkcubeko yaseDenmark ngeendleko zabo.
UHasan, osebenza kwivenkile eBazar Vest, uneminyaka engama-33 kwinyanga ephelileyo. Ebefuna ukutshata nebhinqa elisuka kwilizwe lakowabo, iTurkey, kangangexesha elide.
“Ukuba nditshata umfazi waseTurkey, kuya kuba nzima ukumfumanela iphepha-mvume lokuhlala. Imithetho ingqongqo yaye ingqongqo ngakumbi kumaSilamsi. Ndingahlala ndingatshatanga,” utsho uHasan. Ngokomthetho, urhulumente waseDanish unelungelo lokungena kwimbali yobudlelwane bobuqu besibini, ukuba ukrokrela umdlalo ongcolileyo emva kwenjongo yomtshato.
U-Ahmad, ophethe ivenkile ye-elektroniki e-Bazar, wazalelwa kwaye wakhulela eYurophu emva kokuba utata wakhe efudukele eLebhanon ngeminyaka yoo-60s. Usanda kushiya ubulungu be-Social Democrat Party (SDP), njengoko wayeziva 'echazwe kwaye ehlukanisiwe.' “Bona (abaDan) abasithandi ngokwenene,” utshilo u-Ahmad.
Malunga ne-1.5 KMs kude ne-Bazar Vest yi-Gellerup, ikhaya lamakhulu abantu abavela kwezinye iindawo ezidlakazwe yimfazwe nezoqoqosho ehlabathini.
Gellerup yenye yezona ndawo zihlwempuzekileyo eDenmark, ngokusemthethweni yenye yezona 'ghettos' zayo ezinkulu, igama elisetyenziswa ngurhulumente waseDenmark kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi abasuka kumazwe angaphandle, izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi, kunye nemfundo ephantsi, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
Ngaphezu kwama-90 ekhulwini abahlali baseGellerup, njengayo nayiphi na enye ighetto eqhelekileyo, ngamaSilamsi asuka eTurkey, eLebhanon, eSomalia nase-Iran, ngokutsho umbiko Kubemi bamaSilamsi eDenmark yi-EU Monitoring and Advocacy Programme ngo-2007. Kukho iibhloko zokuhlala ezili-15 eDenmark ezilungele ukuba 'yighetto.'
Athini amanani?
Ukunyuka kweMida
Unyaka ka-2015 ibingunyaka wamanzi kwimbali yokufudukela eYurophu, njengoko iintshutshiso eSyria, Afghanistan, kunye neIraq zakhokelela abantu abaninzi ukuba babaleke kumazwe abo.
Irekhodi yabafuduki abazizigidi ezisisi-1.3, uninzi lwamaSilamsi, bafaka izicelo zokukhuselwa kumazwe angama-28 angamalungu e-European Union (EU), iNorway kunye neSwitzerland ngo-2015, ngokutsho uhlalutyo yiPew Research Centre. Oku kwakuphantse kuphindwe kabini kuphakamileyo wangaphambili wama-700,000 ngowe-1992 emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union.
IDenmark nayo yabona ukuthontelana okukhulu kweembacu ngo-2015, uninzi lwabo lusuka eSyria.
NgoNovemba 2015, uRhulumente waseDenmark wabhengeza 34 ukuqinisa amanyathelo okwenza iDenmark ingabi nomtsalane kubantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela nabaphambukeli. Oku kuquka ukuhlala kwindawo yokhuseleko ixeshana elifutshane, ukonyuka kwexesha lokuqhubekeka lokumanyaniswa kosapho kunye neemfuneko ezingqongqo zeemvume zokuhlala ngokusisigxina. Ngexesha elifanayo, iDenmark okokuqala yavula amaziko amabini okugxothwa.
Ngo-2018, urhulumente wazisa uluhlu olutsha lwemithetho, ebizwa ngokuba “.Iphakheji yeGhetto.” Ngaphantsi kwayo, amaPolisa anokuba nzima ekubetheleni abantu abahlala 'kwiighettos.' Ogwetyiweyo unokujongana nezigwebo kabini logama nje abantu abahlala ngaphandle kweendawo.
Umthetho ukwagunyazisa ukuba "abantwana be-ghetto" kufuneka bohlulwe kwiintsapho zabo ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-25 ngeveki ukuze bafumane umyalelo osinyanzelo "kwimilinganiselo yaseDanish."
NgoMatshi kulo nyaka, urhulumente uye wayirhoxisa indawo yokukhosela kwiimbacu ezininzi zaseSyria eDenmark njengoko ethathela ingqalelo iSyria njengelizwe 'elikhuselekileyo'—ekuphela kwelizwe kwi-EU ukwenza oko. Kwangaloo nyanga inye, urhulumente wapasisa umthetho omtsha apho urhulumente waseDenmark anokudlulisela abantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela kwiindawo zokuvalela kumazwe angaphandle kweYurophu.
"Amalungelo eembacu aye esiba mandundu ngendlela embi kakhulu, ngenxa yezigqibo zezopolitiko. Kwakhona kuye kwamiselwa imiqobo yezoqoqosho kwiimbacu. Ngoku banelungelo kwisiqingatha sento efunyanwa nguDane ongaphangeliyo kwizibonelelo zentlalo. Kukwanjalo nakubantwana nakubantu abadala,” utsho uMichala Clante Bendixen, intloko yeRefugees Welcome Denmark, iNGO ejongene nemiba yokufuduka.
"Kucacile, ukuba iya isibambi. Ndiyazibuza ukuba iDenmark iya kunika amaSyria inkululeko yokuya kulo naliphi na elinye ilizwe le-EU. Okwangoku, amaSyria abambekile eDenmark ngenxa yokuzibophelela kwawo kumazwe ngamazwe. Kutshanje, abaninzi, ababeshiye iDenmark besiya kwamanye amazwe e-EU baye babuyiselwa eDenmark. Oku kungenxa yemithetho ye-EU kunye nendibano yeembacu, apho iDenmark iyinxalenye, "Utshilo u-Abdullah Alsmaeel, umphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseTufts.
Inani labantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela eDenmark lehlile ukusuka kwincopho ye-21315 ngo-2015 ukuya phantse kwi-1515 ngo-2020, ngokutsho idata kurhulumente waseDenmark.
Iintsuku zokugxothwa
NgoJuni 29, 2021, uAlysia Alexandra, umlweli wamalungelo oluntu waseDenmark-waseMelika, Ukufuna wathi,UBibi, iimbacu yase-Afghan eneminyaka engama-92 ubudala enesifo sengqondo esiyingozi, wasweleka kwinkampu yokugxothwa eDenmark. Usweleke emva kweentsuku ekhalazela iintlungu kungekho mpendulo evela kwiziko. "
Ngaphambili, wayenayo tweeted Imisonto ebalisa amabali abafundi abancinci baseSyria abanyanzelwa ukuba bayishiye imfundo eDenmark, njengoko iimvume zabo zokuhlala zirhoxisiwe.
Amabango kwiiTweets zika-Alexandra azikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ii-imeyile zithunyelwe kuRasmus Stoklund, isithethi sokufuduka se-SDP sahlala singaphendulwanga.
IDenmark yavula amaziko amabini okugxothwa, eSjælsmark naseKærshovedgård ngokulandelanayo kwi-2015 kunye ne-2016 ngokulandelanayo. Ezi nkampu zihlala abantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela, njengoko izicelo zabo zokhuseleko sele zaliwe. Iziko laseKærshovedgård lalikade liyintolongo evaliweyo, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-300 ukusuka eCopenhagen, ekummandla wehlathi, kungafikeleli kuwo ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke.
Ngokwahlukileyo, iDenmark inamaziko amathathu okuvalela abantu abazicelo zabo zokukhuselwa ziphantsi kovavanyo.
Kwi umbiko Ngokusekwe kutyelelo lwamaziko ovalelo eDenmark ngo-2019, iKomiti yaseYurophu yoThintelo lweNtuthumbo kunye noBuntu okanye ukuthotywa okanye ukohlwaya (CPT) yaphawula, “I-CPT ikubona kungamkelekanga ukuba iimeko zokuhlala kuwo omabini amaziko okuvalelwa kwabantu abafudukayo yayijele. njengaye kwaye imithetho yentolongo iyasebenza kubo bonke abafuduki ababanjiweyo. "
Ingxelo iphakamise inkxalabo malunga nezenzo ezinjengokuhlutha abaphambukeli kwiimfonomfono eziphathwayo okanye uqhagamshelo lwe-intanethi. Ukuba afunyaniswa enayo, isohlwayo sasiquka iintsuku ezili-15 zokuvalelwa yedwa.
Kwi-2017, abafuna indawo yokukhosela kwi Kærshovedgård waqhubeka a ukulamba, njengoko bechaza iimeko zokuphila ‘njengezinganyamezeleki.
"La maziko (amaziko okugxothwa) awayiyo impawu kuphela kodwa izinto eziphathekayo zomgaqo-nkqubo onzima kubantu abafuna indawo yokukhusela," kusho uBendixen.
Ngokuka Bendixen, ngokuqhelekileyo kukho abantu abayi-1.000 abagcinwe kumaziko okugxothwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Kula maziko mathathu, i-Ellebæk yintolongo evaliweyo yokwenyani, esetyenziselwa kuphela abantu abafuna indawo yokukhosela, wongezelela.
KwiLens kaRhulumente
Izithintelo eziqatha kubaphambukeli eDenmark ziza namazinga aphezulu olwaphulo-mthetho phakathi kwabaphambukeli abangengabo abasentshona eDenmark, kunye ne-undercurrents yovelwano kunye ne-Islamic State (ISIS) liqhezu elincinci lamaSilamsi eDenmark.
Ngokwedatha karhulumente, inani labafuduki abangengabo abasentshona abagwetywe ngolwaphulo-mthetho eDenmark ngo-2019 bemi kwi-17140, ngokuchasene ne-7246 ngabasentshona. Ngaphezulu kweepesenti ze-50 zabaphambukeli eDenmark abayimvelaphi engeyiyo entshona, idatha ithi.
“AmaSilamsi afika apha aphuma kwimimandla edlakazwe yimfazwe. Kubo, ubusela nokubetha abanye abantu yinto eqhelekileyo. Ke, ndiyayiqonda nenkqubo yokucinga yabantu baseDenmark. Sisizathu, sokuba ubuhlanga buyanda eDenmark, ”utshilo uSeyhan Morabuht, unobhala jikelele weTyrkisk Kulturcenter eAarhus, ekwaqhuba enye yezona mosque ezinkulu zaseTurkey esixekweni.
“Sifundisa abantwana bethu isimilo, kanye njengayo nayiphi na intsapho eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kufuneka siyenze nzima ngakumbi kuba xa umntu wangaphandle esenza ulwaphulo-mthetho eDenmark, ifika kwiphepha lokuqala lephephandaba,” wongeza uMorabuht.
NgoSeptemba 2014, uFadi Abdallah, isithethi seGrimhøj Mosque e-Aarhus, kudliwano-ndlebe no. Den Korte Avis uthe, waxhasa umbutho wabanqolobi, i-Islamic State (ISIS).
Enye ingxelo ngo WeNgingqi ngo-2014, ithi ubuncinane amadoda ali-100 ashiye iDenmark ukuze ajoyine i-ISIS, kunye ne-22 ubuncinane evela kwi-Grimhøj Mosque.
"Abantu kufuneka bazi ukuba into eyenziwa yi-ISIS ayisiyo inkolo yamaSilamsi. Abaxhasi be-ISIS asingawo amaSilamsi, utshilo uMorabuht.
Nangona kukho iingxaki ezininzi, isizukulwana esitsha sabaphambukeli eDenmark sibona ikamva eliqaqambileyo kweli lizwe.
“Ubomi bulungile apha, kwaye umvuzo ulungile,” utshilo u-Mohammad, umfundi oneminyaka engama-22 ubudala kwiYunivesithi yaseAarhus.
Ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla, u-Mohammad usebenza njengomqhubi weteksi kwaye ufumana phakathi kwe-15000-20000 Krones ngenyanga.
Uyise weza njengomsebenzi wokwakha eDenmark kwi-90s, kodwa u-Mohammad unethemba lokusebenza njengomgcini-mali webhanki ngenye imini.
Ngamaxesha athile, uMohammad ukwayonwabela iDanish Hygge, igama ichazwe ngabakwaDanes “njengokuthatha ixesha kude nengxakeko yemihla ngemihla ukuba kunye nabantu obakhathaleleyo – okanye nokuba uwedwa – ukuphumla nokonwabela uyolo lobomi obuzolileyo.”
