Imithi emikhulu kunye neentlobo ezintsha ezantsi komngxuma ubunzulu be-192 yeemitha
Izazinzulu zaseTshayina ziye zafumanisa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ezingaziwayo iintlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo emazantsi womngxuma kwingingqi yaseGuangxi, kwiNqila yaseLue kumazantsi eTshayina, iThe Guardian inike ingxelo kutshanje.
Ngelixa bephonononga imiqolomba engama-30 kulo mmandla, izazinzulu nge<em>speleologists zafumanisa eyona nzonzobila inkulu kule ndawo – ukwakheka kwekarst, umngxuma oneendonga eziphantse zime nkqo – ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-300 ubude, iimitha ezili-150 ububanzi kunye neemitha ezili-192 ubunzulu.
Iqela le-Guangxi 702 Honging Cave Expedition lifumene into lisebenzisa umfanekiso wesathelayithi. Inzonzobila isekungeneni kuMlambo iFugui ophantsi komhlaba eLue County. NgoMeyi 2, uZhang Yuanhai, injineli ephezulu kwiZiko leKarst Geology yeShayina Geological Survey, waya kwindawo ukuze aqinisekise.
Ngomhla we-6 ngoMeyi, iqela le-8-ilungu le-expedition yesayensi, ebandakanya abaphandi abavela kwi-Institute of Karst Geology ye-Chinese Geological Survey kunye neQela le-Guangxi 702 Cave Expedition Team, lishiye kwindawo enzonzobileni.
Iqela lohambo lwezenzululwazi lehla elityeni kangangeemitha ezili-100 kwaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa zokuhla ekugqibeleni lafikelela kweyona ndawo iphantsi ezantsi enzonzobileni. Apho irhubuluza kancinane emazantsi, idlula kwihlathi elishinyeneyo elingaphantsi komhlaba elidityaniswe nemidiliya.
“Imithi yakudala ekhula igxile phezulu enzonzobileni iphantse yafikelela kwiimitha ezingama-40 ukuphakama, kwaye izityalo ezishinyeneyo ezinomthunzi ziphantse zasigquma amagxa ethu,” utshilo uChen Lixin, intloko yeQela leGuangxi 702 Cave Expedition.
"Andiyi kumangaliswa kukwazi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezifunyenwe kule miqolomba engazange ichazwe okanye ichazwe yisayensi," uLisin uxelele iThe Guardian.
“Imingxuma emithathu emikhulu iye yakrolwa kwiindonga zenzonzobila, ekukholelwa ukuba zingamasalela emiqolomba kumanqanaba okuqala endaleko yokwakheka kwekarst. Emazantsi enzonzobileni kukho inkqubo yehlathi yeentombi ezinyulu ezigcinwe kakuhle, efihla inani elikhulu lamatye adilikayo. "Enoba obu bubungqina bendaleko kwakhona, ikwayinkqubo yendalo eyodwa emva kokusekwa kwayo enexabiso eliphezulu lezenzululwazi kunye nedumileyo," utshilo uZhang Yuanhai, injineli ephezulu kwiZiko leKarst Geology yeChinese Geological Survey.
Ngokwembono yejoloji, inzonzobila yingxuma enkulu yekarst eneempawu ezikhethekileyo zesithuba kunye nemopholoji, ezinje ngemithamo emikhulu, iindonga zamatye aqinileyo kunye neecontours ezimile kakuhle ezithe nkqo okanye ezimile okwemiphanda. Inzonzobila idla ngokukhula kumaleko amatye anyibilikayo anobunzima obukhulu kunye nobunzima bamanzi anzulu, akhokelela ngaphantsi komhlaba okanye ngaphezulu, ngobubanzi obuphakathi nobunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-100 leemitha, kwaye umzantsi udla ngokudityaniswa yimilambo engaphantsi komhlaba.
I-Leye County yeyommandla wekarst oqhelekileyo kumazantsi eTshayina. Le yeyona ndawo yelona qela likhulu lehlabathi labatshuzi, le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba yi “World Museum of Divers”. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inani labahlukanisi kwiNqila yaseLue lenyuke laya kutsho kuma-30.
Uqikelelo lukaLisin malunga neentlobo ezintsha zezityalo lunokuzaliseka, kuba iindawo ezihlala zodwa emhlabeni jikelele kudala zidala izityalo ezinomdla, ezizodwa kunye nezilwanyana eziqhelana nebhayomes yazo. Iziqithi zeGalapagos mhlawumbi ngowona mzekelo udumileyo, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemveli ezingafumanekiyo kwenye indawo.
Imithombo:
Izazinzulu zifumanisa iHlathi laMandulo emazantsi eSinkhole Enkulu, kwiFuturism
UGuangxi Leye ubhaqe iXintiankeng ubunzulu obungange-192 yeemitha, www.xv
Qaphela: Yenzeka njani inzonzobila?
Ukubunjwa kwe-sink kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemeko ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ziimpawu zamatye. Okokuqala, ubukhulu bomgca we-limestone kufuneka bube ngokwaneleyo ukubonelela indawo eyaneleyo yokwakhiwa kwenzonzobila. Okwesibini, ubukhulu bendawo ye-vadose (i-rock layer equkethe igesi) kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo. Okwesithathu, umaleko wamatye kufuneka ungqamane nomphezulu womhlaba.
Umba wesibini ziimeko zamanzi. Okokuqala, umgangatho wamanzi omlambo ongaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka ube nzulu. Okwesibini, imvula kufuneka ibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ukuhamba kunye namandla omlambo ongaphantsi komhlaba kufuneka kube mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuhlamba amatye awileyo. Ukongeza, isiqabu kufuneka silungele ukudilika kweengqimba zamatye.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-genesis, i-sinkholes ingahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini - ngokuwa okanye ngokukhukuliseka. Ukubunjwa kwenzonzobila edilikileyo ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amathathu: umlambo ongaphantsi komhlaba, iholo elidilikileyo kunye nemingxuma yokuvula kwisilingi. I-sinkhole yohlobo lokhukuliseko lwenziwa lukhukuliseko oluqhubekayo kunye nokwandiswa kokuhamba kwamanzi angaphezulu kunye nokungena nzulu kwimpumelelo kumqolo wamatye e-carbonate.
Igama lokubunjwa kwekarst enzonzobileni livela kwisiCroatia nakwiSlovenian. Ivela kwigama leProto-Slavic elithi "nora", elithetha umgodi, umngxuma, i-precipice.
Iindawo ezininzi kuMazantsi mpuma Yurophu (iCroatia, iRiphabhlikhi yaseCzech, iHungary, iRomania, iMontenegro, iSlovenia) zibizwa ngokuba yiPonor ngenxa yokuvulwa kwekarst ehambelana nayo. EBulgaria le yintaba yePonor kufuphi neLakatnik.
Ifoto: Abaphandi bomqolomba bawela enzonzobileni eLeye County. Iziimitha ezingama-306 ubude, iimitha ezili-150 ububanzi neemitha ezili-192 ubunzulu. Ikhredithi: news.hsw.cn
