Udliwano-ndlebe lukaPaola Husein kunye noYakov Djerasi kwi-24chasa.bg (06.11.2021)
Ilizwe lethu liyakwazi ukufundisa uluntu lwaseYurophu "olukhanyisiweyo" ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuziphatha kunye nokunyamezela kwabantu, utsho usihlalo weSiseko samazwe ngamazwe "iBulgaria".
Ngelixa yonke iYurophu ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yanikezela amaYuda ayo ukuba atshatyalaliswe ngokukhawuleza, thina bantu baseBulgaria sikwazile ukukumisa ukugxothwa kwethu ngenkani kwiinkampu zokufa.
Olona khetho lulungileyo endilwenzileyo ebomini bam kukuza eBulgaria
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezedlulileyo, uYakov Djerassi wathumela ileta kuKatarina von Schnurbein, umququzeleli omtsha we-EU kwiinzame zokulwa ne-anti-Semitism, apho wacebisa ukuba iKhomishoni yaseYurophu ivakalise uSuku lwaseBulgaria ukuze kugcinwe amaYuda.
- Mnu. Djerassi, ucebisa ukuba iKhomishoni yaseYurophu ivakalise uSuku lweBulgaria ukuhlonipha ukufaneleka kwelizwe lethu ukuze kuhlangulwe amaYuda aseBulgaria. Wenze isiphakamiso sakho kwileta eya kuKatharina von Schnurbein, umququzeleli omtsha we-EU kwiinzame zokulwa ne-anti-Semitism. Kutheni kufuneka kubekho usuku olunjalo?
Ndiyazi ukuba i-ultranationalists kunye nama-communist azinikeleyo abayi kuvumelana nam, kunye nabo bonke abanye abantu abakholelwa ukuba iBulgaria inoxanduva lobubi baseMacedonia (iYugoslavia) kunye namaYuda aseThracian (amaGrike), kodwa nangona kunjalo thina maBulgaria kufuneka senze sinyaniseke kuthi kuba lixesha le-Cheshbhon hanefesh. Eli gama leBhayibhile ngokoqobo lithetha “ukubala umphefumlo.” Kwikhalenda yamaJuda, iCheshbon hanefesh yenziwa minyaka le kuba ukuba umntu akathathi isitokhwe, unokwazi njani ukuba yintoni ekufuneka itshintshwe.
Kulo mgca wokucinga, kufuneka sivume ukuba ngaphandle kwembali eyodwa yaseBulgaria, "ixesha" elimnandi kunye nembali lokusindisa lonke uluntu lwamaYuda.
ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, thina njengesizwe asizange sinike iYurophu ifilosofi enkulu, izazinzulu, abakroli bemifanekiso okanye iimbaleki. Sasinawo, kodwa ayengafuni ukunxulumana nelizwe lawo. Thatha uElias Canetti owafumana ibhaso emva kwexesha. Ebaleka iingcambu zakhe zaseBulgaria, wakhetha ubumi bakhe baseBritani, nangona wazalelwa eRuse, eBulgaria. Okanye umzobi owaziwayo kwihlabathi uHristo Yavashev - kungekudala emva kokufa kwakhe, umnqweno wakhe ekudala ulindelwe wokupakisha i-Arc de Triomphe eParis waba yinyaniso. Kwaye xa kwiminyaka eyadlulayo wacelwa ngembeko ukuba ajoyine amagama ehlabathi ekuxhaseni iYunivesithi yaseSofia, wala ngentetho ebukhali yokuba akafuni naluphi na unxulumano nelizwe lakhe.
Ngelixa yonke iYurophu ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi yanikezela ngamaJuda ayo ukuba atshatyalaliswe ngokukhawuleza, thina bantu baseBulgaria sakwazi ukukunqanda ukugxothwa kwethu ngenkani kwiinkampu zokufa. Kwilinge lesibini, ukumkani wazimela ezintabeni ukuze angafumaneki xa kunokwenzeka anyanzelwe ukuba atyobele amaphepha okugxothwa. Umphathi welizwe wayeya kubalekela phi eYurophu ukuze nje aphephe ukungcatsha amaYuda akhe? Ayengabona bantu banexabiso eliphantsi nabangabalulekanga ngaloo minyaka. Ubomi babo babungaxabisekanga ngaphandle kwaseBulgaria.
Thatha iHungary - amaYuda angama-12,000 ngosuku athunyelwa kumatshini wokutshabalalisa amaNazi. Okanye inkampu enkulu yokufa kwiiBalkans, iiyure nje ukusuka eSofia - eJasenovac, eCroatia, apho phantse i-400,000 Gypsies yabulawa kabuhlungu.
Ndikhumbula ndisiya kwisemina malunga nokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo eAthene kwixesha elidlulileyo. Apho ndabona umYuda ongumGrike owasinda ekuBulaweni Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo ngokuphandle, “Ndangcatshwa ngabamelwane bam abangamaGrike,” akazange awakhankanye amaJamani.
-IBulgaria yakwazi njani ukusindisa amaYuda ayo?
– IBulgaria yenze ngokwahlukileyo. Ingxelo yam ndiyisekela kumava obuqu osapho lwam oluhlala kweli lizwe ngaloo minyaka. Kodwa unokuva amava afanayo kwiintsapho zamaYuda angama-45,000 aseBulgaria akhetha uSirayeli ukuba ahlale eBulgaria yamakomanisi.
Makhe ndenze ingcaciso malunga neli xesha lembali.
Ewe, kwakukho ixesha lokubuya ekhaya. Ewe, amaYuda ayenxiba inkwenkwezi etyheli ukuze ahluke kubo bonke abanye. Ngokomzekelo, amaYuda aseSofiya acelwa ukuba afudukele emaphandleni.
Ewe, kwakukho uMthetho woKhuseleko lweSizwe kunye nokuhlanganisana ngobuninzi bamadoda angamaYuda aseBulgaria ukuba akhe iindlela ezingeyomfuneko kwiinkampu ekusetyenzwa nzima kuzo, kodwa olu qulunqo lwalungelulo ololawulo olungqongqo. Ngaba uyazi apho ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II amaYuda aququzelela kwaye athatha inxaxheba kwiinkampu ze-opera kunye ne-operettas? UZico Graziani, mhlawumbi i-Israel-Bulgarian eyaziwayo kakhulu kwixesha lonke kunye nesitalato esibizwa ngegama lakhe eSofia, unokuphendula lo mbuzo kuwe: "Apha eBulgaria". AmaYuda ayenokuza aze ahambe. Ngeempelaveki, babevunyelwa nokuba batyelele iintsapho zabo. Kweziphi ezinye iinkampu zaseYurophu eyenzeka into efana nale? Enyanisweni, kwakungekho "ipiknikhi", kodwa nangona kunjalo wonke umYuda wasePoland angathanda ukuba kwindawo yamaBulgaria.
Kwaye oku kuyaqondakala, kuba apho ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II eYurophu apho amaYuda avunyelwe ukuya kwiiyunivesithi ngokomzekelo? UMthetho woKhuseleko lweSizwe wawukwalela ukufikelela kwabo kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo!
Kwileta yakho eya kuKatarina von Schnurbein, uyamqinisekisa ukuba ukubhengeza uSuku lwaseBulgaria kunexabiso lemfundo nokuziphatha. Ngoba?
- Ngaba siyaqonda ukuba emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaYuda aseBulgaria afudukela kwaSirayeli kwi-1949 abeka isiseko somzimba wezonyango apho ?! Ngaloo minyaka, i-60% yamayeza kwilizwe elisandula ukusekwa yayiyimvelaphi yaseBulgaria. Ngaba siyaqonda ukuba iBulgaria igalelo elikhulu kangakanani ekudalweni kwelizwe elitsha lamaYuda?! Oku kwakungahambelani noMthetho woKhuselo lweSizwe.
Kwakhona, ndifanele ndikhankanye ukuba abazali bam, oontanga babo, kunye nam njengesizukulwana sesibini sasingachatshazelwanga kukuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo.
Ngubani omnye eYurophu ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngaphandle koMonsignor Roncalli, ummeli weVatican eTurkey, owamela amaYuda njengoko wenzayo yonke iSinodi Engcwele yeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseBulgaria?
Leliphi elinye ilizwe laseYurophu apho amalungu ePalamente axhasa amaJamani atyikitya isicelo sokugxothwa kwamaYuda? Kuphi eYurophu apho lonke uluntu, ukusuka kumlimi olula ongazange akwazi nokubhala igama lakhe kwintloko yelizwe, wema ngenkalipho emva kwabemi bawo abangamaYuda?
Ngaba uyazi ukuba amaYuda abalekela kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, afikelela kwimida yaseBulgaria, amkelwa kwaye ahanjiswa yiBulgarian Red Cross? Ndixelele ukuba yenzeke kweliphi ilizwe into enje.
Kulihlazo kuba emva kwayo yonke le minyaka, asizange sifunde ukuqaphela okulungileyo. Okanye njengoko besitsho kwaSirayeli – Le’hakir et Hatov (“Yazi okulungileyo”). Siyalila kwaye sikhumbule ububi, kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule kwaye siphinde siphinde senze okulungileyo.
Yonke into inexesha layo: “Ukulila kunexesha lako, ukuhleka kunexesha lako; kukho ixesha lokwenza isijwili, kukho nexesha lokuvuya,” INtshumayeli.
Ewe,
IBulgaria imele le nto KAHLE
kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo inokufundisa ibutho laseYurophu “elikhanyiselweyo” ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuziphatha nokunyamezelana kwabantu. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndicinga ukuba i-EU isityala ngoSuku lwaseBulgaria!
-Yavela njani imbono yokucebisa ukudalwa koSuku lweBulgaria?
– Ubomi bam bonke buchithwe ekuxhaseni nasekukhuseleni le nyaniso yembali. Ngoko ingcamango enjalo ayifanele yothuse nabani na.
Abantu ngokwemvelo banokukhubazeka okungaphakathi kokugweba omnye nomnye, ngokukodwa ngamaxesha anzima, kwaye thina baseBulgaria sibonakalise kwihlabathi ukuba "siyinzala" eyahlukileyo. Ndiyazingca ngokuba ngumBulgaria. Abahlobo bam bakwaSirayeli bade baseka umbutho othi “NdingumBulgaria kuqala”. Khawufane ucinge, amaYuda ase-Israel - amajoni omkhosi wase-Israel, angakwaziyo ukufunda nokubhala ngesiBulgaria, aziqhenyce ngelifa labo, eliziswa ngoogogo babo abaneengcambu zaseBulgaria. Jonga iphepha labo likaFacebook ukuba awundikholelwa.
– Ngaba sele unayo impendulo evela kuNksk. Schnurbein, wathabatha njani isindululo sakho?
– Enyanisweni, andilindelanga mpendulo. Ndicinga ukuba “ndimchulumancile” ngaphezu kokuba kuyimfuneko.
Kodwa nanku umzuzu wokutsho ukuba lixesha lokuba ii-MEPs zethu zibonise ubunye kunye nesimo sengqondo ubuncinci kwesi sihloko. Andiyi kufihla into yokuba ndiyathemba ukuba uMkomishinala waseBulgaria uNksz Maria Gabriel naye uya kubonisa umdla. Kukwaxhomekeke kwindlela intloko yethu yelizwe ijonga ngayo isifundo, kwaye ndiyakholelwa ukuba angenza imimangaliso.
-Kusele kukho uSuku lweHlabathi lokuKhumbula ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yamaYuda afa kwi-Holocaust. Kutheni uSuku lwaseBulgaria luya kwahluka?
- Ndakhankanya incwadi yeBhayibhile yeNtshumayeli. Kukho ixesha layo yonke into. Kukho ixesha lokuba ihlabathi liqonde ukuba sahlukile. Ndiqinisekile ukuba i-EU iya kufuna ukuhlonipha iDenmark ukuba olo suku lwenziwe. Kodwa andikholelwa ukuba uyifanele loo nto kanye njengeBulgaria. Yabona, amaYuda akowethu asiwathumelanga zweni limbi, njengabemi baseDenmark; asibanyanzelanga ukuba bahlawule ngeyona mpahla inqabileyo, ukuze bathi hlasi ngemikhonjana yokuloba ngeenqanawa ebumnyameni. Abemi baseDenmark basuka nje bayifudusela le “ngxaki” kwenye indawo, kude nelizwe labo, ukuze ukumkani wabo angaziva eziva enembopheleleko okanye azive engonwabanga ngenxa yongquzulwano olukhulayo lomdla ekwenzeni isigqibo esiqinileyo sokukhusela amaYuda akhe, njengowethu. wenza uTsar. Yaye masingalibali nokuba “bajikela” kumaGestapo wonke umYuda owayezama ukuwelela eDenmark. Kwakungekho Danish Red Cross emideni.
Kwinyanga nje edlulileyo-ngo-Oktobha 5, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yamkele isicwangciso sokuqala se-EU sokulwa ne-anti-Semitism kunye nokukhuthaza ubomi bamaYuda. Izizathu kukuba i-anti-Semitism iyanda ngendlela ephazamisayo eYurophu nangaphaya. Ngaba uyakubona ukubonakaliswa kwe-anti-Semitism kwilizwe lethu?
- Nangona amanye amaYuda aseBulgaria anyanisekileyo kwinkqubo yamakomanisi yexesha elidlulileyo ayeza kusebenzisa igama elithi "monarcho-fascism", abazali bam bathetha kuphela ngothando olunzulu kunye nentlonipho abayifumana kubamelwane babo baseBulgaria nabemi abaqhelekileyo, ngakumbi emva kokuqaliswa kwe-yellow. inkwenkwezi.
Ndiya kubuyela kwakhona kuZico Graziani, umculi owaziwayo wase-Israel-Bulgarian, owazalelwa eRuse kunye nophumelele kwi-Music Academy "Pancho Vladigerov" eSofia. Wathi xa efika eklasini yakhe nenkwenkwezi etyheli, bonke abafundi afunda nabo babeka iinkwenkwezi ezityheli kwiidyasi zabo ngomanyano.
Andikholelwa ukuba ukuzalisa uphando malunga nenqanaba lokuchaswa kwamaYuda eBulgaria, olunemibuzo ehlekisayo efana nale: "Ngaba amaYuda athembeke ngakumbi kuSirayeli kunelizwe ahlala kulo?" okanye “Ngaba amaYuda anempembelelo kumaziko emali ehlabathi?” unako ukunika iinkcukacha-manani ezichanekileyo ngesantya sokuchaswa kwamaYuda namhlanje. Yinto nje engenamsebenzi. Olo hlobo lwemibuzo alukhohlisi kwaye alunantsingiselo kuphela, kodwa sesona sizathu siphambili sokuyilwa kweethiyori zeyelenqe ngencasa embi kakhulu neyingozi kakhulu kwasekuqaleni.
Ayiyiyo yonke i-swastika eluphawu lwe-anti-Semitism. Abanye "babantu bam" babhebhethekisa olu hlobo lwesiganeko nto leyo eyandisa umsantsa ekuqondeni.
Ewe, kukho ukunyuka kwe-anti-Semitism kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. Ngokombono wam, ukunyuka kwayo kweepesenti kuhambelana ngokuthe ngqo nobudlelwane obungathandabuzekiyo kunye nokungalindelekanga phakathi kwe-Israel kunye nePalestina, kunye nelizwe lonke lama-Arabhu.
Ndililungu loluntu oluvaliweyo, abantu bamaYuda ngokwemvelo liqela elivaliweyo labantu abangenayo indawo. Ndicinga ukuba uluntu lwamaYuda kufuneka luvule ngakumbi kwaye lube "lukhanyiso lweentlanga" kwakhona. Mema abanye ukuba babe nenxaxheba kwimpumelelo nakwizithethe zethu.
Kwaye ewe, bendiseBulgaria phantse iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Khawufan’ ucinge – ndize iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela. Kubo bonke ubomi bam andizange ndifumane naluphi na uhlobo lokuchaswa kwamaYuda olwenziwe kum.
Ngokuchasene noko. Ndiyavuma ukuba mhlawumbi ngenxa yemvelaphi yam yobuYuda ndade ndafumana ingqalelo nothando olungakumbi. Yiloo ndlela iinyanga ezintandathu zajika zaba yiminyaka engama-30 kwaye yayilelona khetho lulungileyo endakha ndalwenza ebomini bam – ukuza eBulgaria.
-I-Israel lelinye lamazwe okuqala emhlabeni ukulwa ngempumelelo ne-coronavirus. Bahambe umgama ongakanani, bakhulule iimaski zabo? Yintoni esinokuyifunda kumava abo?
-I-Israel mhlawumbi yayiphakathi kwamazwe okuqala abemi bawo "babefundiswe" ngokupheleleyo ngokubaluleka kwesitofu sokugonya. Akunzima ukucacisela amaSirayeli ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kwimpilo yabo.
Inyani eBulgaria yahluke kakhulu. Nditsho noogqirha abalapha bachasene nesitofu sokugonya. Ngokombono wam, ngokukodwa ngenxa yazo zonke iihemuhemu kunye nesiqingatha-inyaniso ejikelezayo kwimidiya kunye nendawo yoluntu. Kwaye oogqirha bethu bathanda kakhulu ukudlala indima kaThixo. Ixesha lokuthatha inyathelo ngokuchasene nolu hlobo lwabasebenzi bezonyango.
Ifoto nguParaskeva Georgieva: Ekufumaneni uBukhulu bakhe uTsar Simeon II eVrana Palace - uSofia kubaphumeleleyo kukhuphiswano lwesincoko sonyaka kwisihloko sokunyamezelana, ehlelwe yi-Israel-Bulgarian Institute yaseYakov Djerassi. Abantu abancinci babhala izincoko zabo eziphefumlelwe yincwadi kaMichael Bar-Zohar ethi "Ngaphandle kweHitler's Grip", ethetha ngokuhlangulwa kwamaYuda aseBulgaria ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
