Ngaba ukuzama ukuvala ukubulawa kweHalal kuyinkxalabo yamaLungelo oLuntu? Lo ngumbuzo onegalelo lethu elikhethekileyo, iPhD. Alessandro Amicarelli, igqwetha elidumileyo lamalungelo oluntu kunye nomlweli, ongusihlalo weEuropean Federation kwiNkululeko yeNkolo, ubeka uNjingalwazi uVasco Fronzoni, we-Universitá Telemática Pegaso e-Itali, ingcaphephe yoMthetho we-shari'a.
Fumana intshayelelo yakhe ngombala oblowu, emva koko imibuzo neempendulo.
Ngu-Alessandro Amicarelli. Inkululeko ye inkolo kwaye inkolelo ikhusela ilungelo lamakholwa lokuphila ubomi bawo ngokungqinelana neenkolelo zawo, ngaphakathi kwemida, kwaye oku kukwabandakanya ezinye izenzo ezinxulumene nezithethe zentlalo kunye nokutya, oku kunjalo ngokomzekelo wamalungiselelo e-halal kunye ne-kosher.
Kubekho iimeko zezindululo ezijolise ekuvalweni kweenkqubo ze-halal kunye ne-kosher ezixoxa ngamalungelo ezilwanyana athi ngokutsho kwabachasi bezi zithethe bachanabeke kwinkohlakalo egqithisileyo.
UProf. Vasco Fronzoni nguNjingalwazi oDityanisiweyo kwi-Università telematica Pegaso e-Itali, yingcali kuMthetho we-Shari'a kunye neeMarike zamaSilamsi, kwaye ukwanguMphicothi-zincwadi oyiNkokeli kwiiNkqubo zoLawulo loMgangatho, okhethekileyo kwicandelo leHalal kwiBhunga loPhando leHalal laseLahore kwaye ulilungu le iKomiti yeNzululwazi yeEuropean Federation ngeNkululeko Yokukholelwa.
Umbuzo: UProf Fronzoni zeziphi izizathu ezingundoqo ezibekwa phambili ngabo bazama ukuvala amalungiselelo e-halal kunye nokuxhela ngokubanzi ngokwezithethe ze-halal?
A: Izizathu eziphambili zokuvinjelwa kokuxhelwa ngokwesiko ngokwe-kosher, i-shechita kunye nemithetho ye-halal ihambelana nombono wentlalontle yezilwanyana kunye nokunciphisa kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubandezeleka kwengqondo kunye nomzimba wezilwanyana kwiinkqubo zokubulala.
Ecaleni kwesi sizathu siphambili nesibhengeziweyo, amanye amaYuda namaSilamsi nawo abona umnqweno wokukwaya okanye ukucalucalula uluntu lwawo, ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokungakhathali okanye kwezinye iimeko ezikhuthazwa ngumnqweno wokukhusela ezinye iinkolo ezininzi.
UMBUZO: Ngaba ngokoluvo lwakho kukwaphulwa kwamalungelo amaSilamsi, kwaye kwimeko ye-kosher, amalungelo amaYuda, evala izithethe zawo zokuxhela? Abantu bazo zonke iinkolo kunye nabangenalukholo bafikelela kwi-kosher kunye nokutya kwe-halal kwaye oku akuphelelanga kubantu benkolo yamaYuda kunye ne-Islamic. Ngaba akufuneki ukuba abantu benkolo yobuJuda kunye neyobuSilamsi bavunyelwe ukuba baxhele ngokwemithetho yenkolo yabo nemimiselo esele ikho kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi njengoko oku kuqinisekiswa ngabo amalungelo abantu? Ukuvala ezi zithethe bekungayi kuthetha ukunyhasha amalungelo abantu abasuka kuluntu ngokubanzi ukuba bafikelele kwimarike yokutya abayithandayo?
Ngokombono wam ewe, ukwalela uhlobo oluthile lokuxhela unqulo kukwaphulwa kwenkululeko yonqulo, yabemi kwanabemi kuphela.
Ilungelo lokufumana ukutya kufuneka liqingqwe njengelungelo elisisiseko nelibanzi labantu, kwaye ayilocandelo elibalulekileyo lobumi kuphela, kodwa likwangumqathango wangaphambili wedemokhrasi ngokwayo. Yayisele ibonakaliswe yi-UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights ka-1948 kwaye namhlanje yamkelwa yimithombo yomthetho ethambileyo yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ikwaqinisekiswa yimiqulu eyahlukeneyo yomgaqo-siseko. Ngaphezu koko, ngowe-1999 iKomiti yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yezamaLungelo ezoQoqosho, ezeNkcubeko nezeNtlalo yakhupha uxwebhu olungqalileyo olungelungelo lokufumana ukutya okwaneleyo.
Ukulandela le ndlela, ilungelo lokutya okwaneleyo kufuneka liqondwe ngokubili malunga nokhuseleko lokutya kunye nokhuseleko lokutya kwaye lubandakanya umgaqo ongeyena nje ubungakanani, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into esemgangathweni, apho isondlo singameli kuphela ukutya, kodwa siqinisekisa isidima sabantu. kwaye injalo kuphela xa ihambelana nemiyalelo yenkolo kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko yoluntu apho umbandela ungowawo.
Ngaloo ndlela, kubonakala kukhanyisa ukuba kwi-European Union iNkundla ye Strasbourg iqaphele ukusukela ngo-2010 (I-HUDOC - INkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, Isicelo n. 18429/06 Jakobski v. Poland) ikhonkco elithe ngqo phakathi kokuthotyelwa kweemfuno ezithile zokutya kunye nokubonakaliswa kwenkululeko yenkolelo ngokulandela ubugcisa. 9 ye-ECHR.
Nangona iNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko yaseBelgium, kutshanje, ngelixa igxininisa ukuba ukuvinjelwa kokuxhela ngaphandle kokumangalisa kusabela kwimfuno yentlalontle kwaye ihambelana nenjongo esemthethweni yokukhuthaza intlalontle yezilwanyana, waqaphela ukuba ukuthintela olu hlobo lokuxhela lubandakanya uthintelo kwinkululeko yonqulo. AmaYuda kunye namaSilamsi, amasiko abo enkolo akuvumeli ukusetyenziswa kwenyama kwizilwanyana ezikhwankqisayo.
Ke ngoko, ukuvumela ukufikelela ekujoliswe kuko ekufumaneni ukutya kunye nokukhetha ukutya okufanelekileyo sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokukhusela ilungelo lenkululeko yonqulo, njengoko kunceda amakholwa ukuba aziqhelanise nemarike yokutya kwaye akhethe iimveliso zokutya ezihambelana neemfuno zabo zonqulo.
Ngaphaya koko, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imigangatho yobulunga ebekwe yimithetho yoqinisekiso ye-Halal kunye ne-Kosher ingqongqo ngakumbi kwaye iqinisekisa imveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu, eneemfuno ezingqongqo kunemigangatho eqhelekileyo emiselweyo ngokomzekelo kwisiqinisekiso se-BIO. Kungesi sizathu ke ukuba abathengi abaninzi, ingengawo amaSilamsi okanye amaJuda, bathenge ezi mveliso kuba bebeka phambili impilo yoluntu kwaye bayithatha njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo lokufumana ukhuseleko lokutya, oluqinisekiswa lulawulo olukhoyo lokutya kwinqanaba lamaJuda namaSilamsi.
UMBUZO: Amaqumrhu olawulo, kunye neenkundla zomthetho kwafuneka zijongane namatyala aphathelele kukutya kwehalal kunye nekosher, kunye namabango abantu abatya imifuno kunye nezilwanyana ezitya inyama. Ngaba ungakhankanya eyona miba iphambili yomthetho ngokunxulumene nokuxhelwa kwehalal?
A: Kwenzeka ntoni iYurophu iparadigmatic ukuphendula lo mbuzo.
Ummiselo we-1099/2009 / EC wazisa iindlela zokuqala ezimangalisayo kunye neenkqubo, ezifuna ukubulawa kwezilwanyana kuphela emva kokulahlekelwa zingqondweni, imeko ekufuneka igcinwe de kube sekufeni. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithethe zichasene nesithethe senkolo yamaYuda kunye noluvo lwabaphengululi abaninzi bamaSilamsi, efuna imeko ephaphileyo neyolwazi yesilwanyana ekufuneka sichanekile ngexesha lokuxhelwa, kunye nokopha ngokupheleleyo. yenyama. Nangona kunjalo, ngokubhekiselele kwinkululeko yonqulo, umgaqo we-2009 unika iLizwe ngalinye leLungu inqanaba elithile le-subsidiarity kwiinkqubo, ukubonelela ngenqaku lesi-4 lommiselo ukuchithwa kokuvumela uluntu lwamaYuda kunye namaSilamsi ukuba enze isiko lokubulala.
Ulungelelwaniso lubekwe phakathi kwemfuno yeendlela zokuxhela ngokwesiko lobuYuda kunye nobuSilamsi kunye naleyo yemithetho ephambili ejolise kumbono wokhuseleko kunye nentlalontle yezilwanyana ngexesha lokubulala. Ngoko ke, amaxesha ngamaxesha imithetho karhulumente, ekhokelwa lukhokelo lwezopolitiko lwalo mzuzu kwaye icelwe ngumbono woluntu wendawo, ivumela okanye inqande uluntu lwezenkolo ekufumaneni ukutya ngendlela ehambelana nenkolelo yabo. Ke kwenzeka ukuba eYurophu kukho amazwe afana neSweden, iNorway, iGrisi, iDenmark, iSlovenia, ekusebenzeni eFinland kwaye ngokuyinxenye. Bheljiyam abaye bafaka isicelo sokuvala isiko lokuxhela, ngelixa amanye amazwe ekuvumela oko.
Ngokombono wam, kwaye ndithetha oku njengomthetho kunye nomthandi wezilwanyana, ipharamitha ayifanele ijikeleze kuphela ingcamango yentlalontle yezilwanyana ngexesha lokubulala, enokuthi ekuqaleni ibonakale iphikisana kunye nengcamango yohanahaniso kwaye engacingi ukuba nokuba izithethe zokuvuma izono zijoliswe kule ngqiqo. Ngokuchaseneyo, ipharamitha kufuneka ijolise kwimpilo yabathengi kunye nomdla weemarike. Akukho ngqiqweni ukuthintela ukuxhelwa kwesithethe kwindawo ethile kodwa emva koko uvumele ukungeniswa kwenyama exheliweyo, yisekethe nje emfutshane eyonakalisa umthengi kunye nemarike yangaphakathi. Ngapha koko, kum akubonakali ngathi yinto nje eyenzeke into yokuba kwamanye amazwe, apho uluntu lwezenkolo luninzi kakhulu kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke apho ikhonkco lonikezelo lwe-halal kunye ne-kosher luxhaphake kakhulu (abavelisi, iindawo zokuxhela, ukusetyenzwa kunye namashishini okubonelela), umbono wezilwanyana. Intlalontle icingwa ngokwahlukileyo. Enyanisweni, kwezi nyani apho imfuno yabathengi ibaluleke kakhulu, apho kukho abasebenzi abaninzi kwicandelo kwaye apho kukho imarike eneengcambu kunye nesakhiwo kunye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukubulawa kwesithethe kuvumelekile.
Makhe sijonge e-UK. Apha amaSilamsi amele ngaphantsi kwe-5% kodwa atya ngaphezu kwe-20% yenyama exhelwayo kummandla wesizwe, kwaye inyama exheliweyo imele i-71% yazo zonke izilwanyana ezixheliweyo eNgilani. Ngoko ke, ngaphantsi kwe-5% yabantu abatya ngaphezu kwe-70% yezilwanyana ezixheliweyo. La manani abalulekile kwaye ayinto engabalulekanga kusapho umnotho, kunye nenkululeko eboniswa ngumthetho weNgesi ekuvumeleni ukubulawa ngokwesithethe kufuneka kubhalwe ngokumalunga nenkululeko yonqulo, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ngokubhekiselele kuqoqosho lweemarike kunye nokukhuselwa kwabathengi.
Umbuzo: UProf. Fronzoni ungumfundi ofundisayo ocebisa amaziko esizwe nowazi nzulu iinkonzo zonqulo ezikhoyo eYurophu ingakumbi e-Italy. Ukutya iHalal kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi, ingengawo amaSilamsi, kodwa xa besiva “ngeshari’a” abantu abaninzi baseNtshona basathandabuza kwaye bayakrokra, nangona i<em>shari’a ilingana namaSilamsi nemithetho yecanon yamaKristu. Ngaba abantu kunye namaziko kaRhulumente kufuneka bafunde ngakumbi malunga ne-halal kunye ne-shari'a ngokubanzi? Ngaba izikolo nezifundiswa zaseNtshona nazo kufuneka zenze okungakumbi kule nkalo? Ngaba oko kwenziwayo ngokuphathelele ukufundisa uluntu ngokubanzi nokucebisa oorhulumente kwanele?
A: Ngokuqinisekileyo, ngokubanzi kuyimfuneko ukwazi ngakumbi, ekubeni ulwazi lolunye lukhokelela ekuqondeni nasekuqondeni, inyathelo elandulela ukubandakanywa, ngelixa ukungazi kukhokelela ekungathembani, okwenza inyathelo ngokukhawuleza phambi koloyiko, olunokubangela ukuphazamiseka kunye nokuphazamiseka. ukuphendula ngokungekho ngqiqweni (i-radicalization kwelinye icala kunye ne-Islamophobia kunye nokubukulwa kwamanye amazwe kwelinye).
Imibutho yezenkolo, ngakumbi amaSilamsi, yenza okuncinci kakhulu ukwenza amasiko kunye neemfuno zabo zaziwe kuluntu kunye noorhulumente, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo le yinto ebalulekileyo kunye nempazamo yabo. Kakade ke, ukuze uviwe kufuneka iindlebe ezizimisele ukwenza oko, kodwa kukwayinyaniso ukuba amaSilamsi amaninzi ahlala kumazwe angaphandle kufuneka azabalazele ukuba nenxaxheba ngakumbi kubomi besizwe nokuziphatha njengabemi, kungekhona njengabaphambukeli.
Ukuncamathela kwimvelaphi kabani kuyancomeka kwaye kuluncedo, kodwa kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo isibakala sokuba iyantlukwano yolwimi, imikhwa kunye nenkolo ayingomqobo ekudityanisweni kwawo kwaye akukho kuphikisana phakathi kokuhlala eNtshona kunye nokuba ngumSilamsi. Kuyenzeka kwaye kufanelekile ukukhuthaza inkqubo yokubandakanywa, kwaye oku kunokwenziwa ngokwabelana ngengqondo yesazisi, ngemfundo kunye nentlonipho yemithetho. Abo bafundileyo bayaqonda ukuba ubani umele abamkele abanye, phezu kwako nje ukungafani kwabo.
Ndikwacinga ukuba amaziko eSizwe kunye nabezopolitiko kufuneka bafune iingcebiso zobuchwepheshe ngakumbi kwabo bawaziyo omabini amazwe.
Umbuzo: Ngaba unazo naziphi na iingcebiso kunye neengcebiso kwabo bazama ukuvala iimveliso ze-halal eNtshona?
IMPENDULO: Icebiso lam lihlala lihamba ngendlela yolwazi.
Kwelinye icala, ucalucalulo olusisiseko lweembono ezithile zokuqhutywa kwezilwanyana kufuneka luthelekiswe nezimo zengqondo ngentlalontle yezilwanyana ezikhoyo kwizithethe zamaYuda namaSilamsi, ezihlala zingahoywa kodwa zikhona.
Kwelinye icala, ukwenza ukulungelelana kwezilangazelelo okungasoloko kulula, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuba kuye kwavela intsingiselo entsha yomgaqo wenkululeko yonqulo, njengelungelo lokufumana ukutya okwaneleyo ngendlela yokuvuma izono. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kuphunyezwe uqwalaselo olutsha lomgaqo wenkululeko yenkolelo ngoko luvela njengelungelo lokufumana ukutya okwaneleyo ngokuhambelana nomyalelo wokuvuma ukuxhela ngokwesiko, ngokuhambelana nokunciphisa okuthile okujoliswe ekuzinzeni koqoqosho lwabavelisi kunye nabathengi. , kwaye nangokumalunga nokhuseleko lokutya.
