INkundla yaseYurophu yoBulungisa (ECJ) yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu (EU). Isekwe kwi-1952, i-ECJ inoxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ephunyezwe yi-EU yowiso-mthetho iyahambelana nezivumelwano kunye nemimiselo elawula i-EU. I-ECJ isebenza njengomgcini womthetho we-EU, ukusombulula iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu naphakathi kwabantu kunye noorhulumente babo.
Yintoni iNkundla yoBulungisa yaseYurophu?
INkundla yaseYurophu yoBulungisa (ECJ) yeyona nkundla iphakamileyo kwiManyano yaseYurophu (EU). I-ECJ inegunya kuzo zonke iimbambano zomthetho ezibandakanya amazwe angamalungu kunye namaziko e-EU. Inoxanduva lokutolika umthetho we-EU kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ewiswe yi-EU yowiso-mthetho iyahambelana nezivumelwano kunye nemimiselo elawula umanyano. Izigqibo ze-ECJ zibophelela kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu, oku kuthetha ukuba nawuphi na umthetho ocetywayo kwityala le-ECJ kufuneka utshitshiswe okanye uhlonyelwe ukuba ufunyanwe uchasene nomthetho we-EU.
Imbali eshwankathelweyo yeNkundla yaseYurophu yoBulungisa.
I-ECJ yasekwa ngo-1952 njengenxalenye yeEuropean Coal and Steel Community yaza yaba liziko lenkundla eliyintloko leEuropean Union emva kweSivumelwano saseRome ngowe-1957. Eyona ndima iphambili yeNkundla kukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imithetho ewiswe ngamaziko e-EU iyangqinelana izivumelwano zokusekwa komanyano, kunye neminye imithetho enxulumene ne-EU. Ukongeza, iNkundla inegunya lokujonga izigqibo zenkundla yesizwe ukuba ziphakamisa imibuzo ephathelele umthetho we-EU.
Ubume beNkundla yoBulungisa yaseYurophu.
INkundla YaseYurophu Yobulungisa yenziwe ngamacandelo amathathu ahlukeneyo. Eyokuqala yiNkundla yoBulungisa, eyinkundla ephakamileyo yomntu ngamnye kwinkqubo yenkundla yezizwe ngezizwe kwaye inoxanduva lokutolika umthetho we-EU kunye nokujongana neengxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu okanye amazwe. Icandelo lesibini liquka iNkundla Jikelele, ejongene namatyala anxulumene nemicimbi yoluntu kunye nezorhwebo. Ekugqibeleni, iNkundla yeNkonzo yoLuntu imamela iingxabano malunga nabasebenzi abaqeshwe ngamaziko e-EU.
Aziswa njani aMatyala kwiNkundla yoBulungisa yaseYurophu?
Amatyala angaziswa kwiNkundla yoBulungisa yaseYurophu ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Nawuphi na ummi okanye iziko elisemthethweni lisenokuzisa inyathelo phambi kwenkundla lityhola ukuba amalungelo abo anyhashiwe ngenxa yokwaphulwa komthetho we-EU, kwaye inkundla ikwanegunya kuzo naziphi na iingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU okanye amazwe. Inkundla ikwanegunya elithe ngqo kwimiba enxulumene nokwaphulwa kweenkqubo eziswa kwilizwe elililungu okanye iziko. Ekugqibeleni, iinkundla zelizwe zinokuthumela imibuzo yokutolikwa komthetho we-EU enkundleni ukuze icaciselwe.
izigqibo
Emva kokuphonononga ngokusondeleyo imbali kunye nolwakhiwo lweNkundla yaseYurophu yoBulungisa, kunokugqitywa ukuba yinkundla enamandla kunye necala elimangalisayo. Ngokusebenzisa igunya elingqalileyo kwiimpikiswano eziphathelele umthetho we-EU kunye nokuthumela imibuzo yokutolika enkundleni, abantu bayaqinisekiswa ukuba amalungelo abo akhuselekile. Ukongeza, kunye nesakhelo sombutho esilungelelanisiweyo kunye nenkqubo eguquguqukayo, i-ECJ iqinisekisa ukuba amatyala aphathwa ngokufanelekileyo nangobulungisa.
