Wathi: “Ngalo lonke ixesha ndithetha ngayo, ndiyakhala Iindaba ze-UN, echaza indlela ubuxoki obusasaza ngayo izigidimi zentiyo ezabangela ugonyamelo olungathethekiyo. Ulahlekelwe ngamalungu osapho kunye nabahlobo abangama-60 kukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi.
Phambi kwesikhumbuzo seNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo Usuku lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lokuReflection kwi-1994 Genocide ngokuchasene namaTutsi eRwanda, uNksz Mutegwaraba uthethe naye Iindaba ze-UN malunga nentetho yentiyo kwixesha ledijithali, indlela uhlaselo lwe-6 kaJanuwari kwi-Capitol yase-United States yabangela uloyiko olunzulu, indlela awasinda ngayo kwimbubhiso, kunye nendlela awachaza ngayo iziganeko awayephila ngazo, kwintombi yakhe.
Udliwano-ndlebe luhlelelwe ukucaca kunye nobude.
Iindaba zeUN: NgoAprili 1994, kwatsalelwa umnxeba kunomathotholo eRwanda. Yathini, yaye uziva njani?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Bekusoyikeka. Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba ukubulawa kwaqala ngo-Epreli, kodwa ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1990, uRhulumente wayibeka phaya, kumajelo eendaba, kumaphephandaba, nakunomathotholo, ekhuthaza yaye eshumayela inkohliso echasene namaTutsi.
Ngowe-1994, babekhuthaza wonk’ ubani ukuba aye kwikhaya ngalinye, azingele, abulale abantwana, abulale amabhinqa. Kangangexesha elide, iingcambu zentiyo bezinzulu kakhulu kuluntu lwethu. Ukubona uRhulumente esemva kwayo, kwakungekho themba lokuba kukho abasindileyo.
Inkwenkwe yaseRwanda eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala yedolophu yaseNyamata, eyafotwa ngoJuni 1994, yasinda kwimbubhiso ngokuzimela phantsi kwezidumbu iintsuku ezimbini.
Iindaba zeUN: Ngaba unokukuchaza okwenzekayo kwezo ntsuku zilikhulu, apho kwabulawa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, ubukhulu becala ngamabele?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Yayingengoocelemba kuphela. Nayiphi na indlela tortuous onokucinga ngayo, basebenzisa. Adlwengula amabhinqa, avula izibeleko zamabhinqa akhulelweyo ngemela, aza afaka abantu kwimingxunya yelindle bephila. Abulala izilwanyana zethu, atshabalalisa amakhaya ethu, aza abulala nentsapho yam yonke. Emva kwembubhiso, ndandingasenanto. Wawungazi nokuba yakha yakho indlu na elumelwaneni okanye umTutsi apho. Baqinisekisa ukuba akukho bani usindileyo.
Iindaba ze-UN: Uphilisa njani kobo loyiko kunye nokwenzakala? Yaye uyichaza njani into eyenzeka kwintombi yakho?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Imbubhiso yabenza nzima ubomi bethu ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuqaphela intlungu yakho kubaluleke kakhulu, emva koko ujikeleze nabantu abaqondayo kwaye baqinisekise ibali lakho. Yabelana ngebali lakho kwaye uthathe isigqibo sokuba ungabi lixhoba. Zama ukuya phambili. Ndandinezizathu ezininzi zokwenza loo nto. Xa ndasindayo, udadewethu omncinane wayeneminyaka eli-13 kuphela ubudala, yaye wayengoyena nobangela. Ndandifuna ukomelela ngenxa yakhe.
Kangangeminyaka, ndandingafuni nokuva intlungu yam. Bendingafuni intombi yam iyazi ngoba ibizakumenza buhlungu, abone nonina othe waviswa ubuhlungu. Ndandingenazo iimpendulo zeminye imibuzo awayeyibuza. Uthe xa ebuza ukuba kutheni engena tatomdala ndathi abantu bakowabo abafana nam abanabazali. Bendingafuni kumnika ithemba lokuba uzondibona xa ehamba epasejini atshate. Kwakungekho nto yayindinika ithemba.
Ngoku, uneminyaka engama-28 ubudala. Sithetha ngezinto. Ufunde incwadi yam. Unebhongo ngale nto ndiyenzayo.
Iindaba zeUN: Kwincwadi yakho, Ngayo nayiphi na indlela eyimfuneko, ujongana nenkqubo yokuphilisa kunye nebinzana elithi "ungaze uphinde", uxhunywe kwi-Holocaust. Uphinde wathetha ngohlaselo lwe-capitol eWashington, DC nge-6 kaJanuwari 2021, usithi awuzange uve olo loyiko ukusukela ngo-1994 eRwanda. Ngaba unokuthetha ngaloo nto?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Sihlala sisithi "ungaphindi", kwaye iyaqhubeka: iHolocaust, eCambodia, eSouth Sudan. Abantu baseDemocratic Republic of the Congo bayabulawa ngoku, njengokuba ndithetha.
Kukho into ekufuneka yenziwe. Imbubhiso iyathinteleka. Imbubhiso ayenzeki ngokukhawuleza. Ihamba ngamaqondo kwiminyaka, iinyanga, kunye neentsuku, kwaye abo baququzelela ukutshatyalaliswa kohlanga bayayazi ngokuchanekileyo into abanenjongo yokuyenza.
Ngoku, ilizwe endamkhulisa ngalo, iUnited States, lahlulelene gqitha. Umyalezo wam uthi "vuka". Kukho ipropaganda eninzi eyenzekayo, kwaye abantu abahoyi. Akukho mntu ugonyiweyo koko kwenzeka eRwanda. Imbubhiso inokwenzeka naphi na. Ngaba siyayibona imiqondiso? Ewe. Kwakusothusa ukubona into enjalo isenzeka eUnited States.
Ucalucalulo lobuhlanga okanye lobuzwe luye lwasetyenziselwa ukufaka uloyiko okanye intiyo kwabanye, ngokufuthi olukhokelela kungquzulwano nemfazwe, njengakwimeko yokubulawa kwabantu eRwanda ngowe-1994.
Iindaba ze-UN: Ukuba i-digital age yayikhona ngo-1994 eRwanda, ngaba ukubulawa kwabantu bekuya kuba kubi kakhulu?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Ngokupheleleyo. Wonke umntu unefowuni okanye umabonwakude kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo. Umyalezo owawuthabatha iminyaka usasazwa ngoku unokubekwa apho, yaye ngomzuzwana omnye, wonke umntu ehlabathini unokuwubona.
Ukuba bekukho uFacebook, Tik Tok, kunye ne-Instagram, bekuya kuba kubi kakhulu. Abantu abangendawo basoloko besiya ebutsheni, abangqondo zabo zinokonakala ngokulula. Ngubani ngoku kumakhasi onxibelelwano? Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abatsha.
Ngexesha lembubhiso, uninzi lolutsha lwazimanya nomkhosi lwaza lwathabatha inxaxheba, ngothando. Acula ezo ngoma ezichasene namaTutsi, angena ezindlwini, aza athabatha oko sinako.
Iindaba zeUN: Yintoni enokwenziwa yiZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ngokuphelisa intetho enjalo yentiyo nokuthintela ukuphinda oko loo ntetho yentiyo yakhula yaba kuko?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Kukho indlela yokuba i-UN iyeke izenzo zenkohlakalo. Ebudeni bembubhiso yowe-1994, ihlabathi lonke alizange litsho. Akukho mntu weza kusinceda xa umama wayebulawa, xa kwakudlwengulwa amakhulu amanenekazi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba oku akusayi kuphinda yenzeke nakubani na emhlabeni. Ndiyathemba ukuba i-UN inokuza nendlela yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiinkohlakalo.
Amagama amaxhoba e-Genocide eWall of Rwanda kwiZiko leSikhumbuzo saseKigali
Iindaba zeUN: Ngaba unawo umyalezo kubantu abatsha abajikeleza kumakhasi onxibelelwano, bebona imifanekiso, beva intetho yentiyo?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Ndinomyalezo oya kubazali babo: ngaba uyabafundisa abantwana bakho ngothando nokukhathalela abamelwane noluntu lwabo? Eso sisiseko sokukhulisa isizukulwana esiza kuthanda, sihlonele abamelwane, singathengeli intetho yentiyo.
Iqala kwiintsapho zethu. Fundisa abantwana bakho uthando. Fundisa abantwana bakho ukuba bangayiboni imibala. Fundisa abantwana bakho ukwenza okulungileyo ukukhusela intsapho yoluntu. Ngumyalezo endinawo lowo.
