eStrasbourg - Umboneleli wesikolo samaKristu esizinze eLaichingen, eJamani, ulwa nenkqubo yemfundo yengcinezelo yelizwe laseJamani. Emva kwesicelo sokuqala ngo-2014, abasemagunyeni baseJamani bathi uMbutho wokuFundisa okuPhambili awunakukwazi ukunika imfundo yaseprayimari neyesekondari, nangona ihlangabezane nazo zonke iimfuno ezigunyazisiweyo kunye nekharityhulamu. Isikolo soMbutho sisekelwe kwindlela entsha neye idume ngakumbi yemfundo edibanisa ukufunda esikolweni nasekhaya.
NgoMeyi 2, amagqwetha eADF International, umbutho wamalungelo oluntu, ayisa eli tyala kwiNkundla YaseYurophu Elwela Amalungelo Abantu (ECHR).
- Isikolo saseJamani esixutyiweyo—esiyintshatsheli eklasini nakwimodeli yokufunda yasekhaya—sithatha umngeni kwiNkundla yaseYurophu yamaLungelo oLuntu emva kokuvunywa kokuvunywa.
- IJamani yenye yezona nkqubo zemfundo zinemiqathango kwihlabathi jikelele; inkundla esezantsi ibalula ukunqongophala kokuhlalisana kwabafundi
UGqr. Felix Bollmann, uMlawuli we-European Advocacy we-ADF International kunye negqwetha elingenise ityala kwi-ECHR, uthethe oku kulandelayo:
“Ilungelo lemfundo libandakanya ilungelo lokwamkela iindlela ezintsha ezifana nemfundo exutyiweyo. Ngokumisela imiqathango le modeli yemfundo, urhulumente unyhasha ilungelo labemi baseJamani lokulandela imfundo ehambelana neenkolelo zabo. Xa kufikwa kwimfuno yobukho bomzimba, iJamani yenye yezona nkqubo zemfundo zinemiqathango kwihlabathi. Inyaniso yokuba isikolo esitsha esisekelwe kwimilinganiselo yobuKristu siye salelwa ukuqatshelwa luphuhliso olunzima olufanele ukuphononongwa yiNkundla. Eli tyala lizisa elubala imiba enzima yenkululeko yemfundo yelizwe,”
UMbutho ungenise isicelo sawo sokuqala sokuvunywa ngo-2014, kodwa amagunya ezemfundo karhulumente awazange ayihoye iminyaka emithathu. Ngenxa yokungasebenzi, bafaka isimangalo ngo-2017, inkundla yokuqala ayizange yenzeke de kube ngu-2019, isibheno ngo-2021, kunye nenkundla yesithathu ngoMeyi 2022. NgoDisemba 2022, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yasikhaba isibheno sokugqibela sasekhaya.
Imfundo yeHybrid, iphumelele kwaye idumile, kodwa ithintelwe
UMbutho wokuFundisa okuPhambili uye wasebenzisa ngempumelelo isikolo esizimeleyo esixutyiweyo kule minyaka ilithoba idlulileyo, sidibanisa imfundo yaseklasini kunye nezifundo zedijithali ze-intanethi kunye nesifundo esizimeleyo ekhaya. Eli ziko liqeshe abaqeqeshi abavunywe ngurhulumente kwaye libambelela kwikharityhulam emiselwe kwangaphambili. Abafundi baphumelela ngokusebenzisa iimviwo ezifanayo nezo zezikolo zikarhulumente kwaye bagcine i-avareji yamanqaku ebakala ngaphezu komndilili wesizwe.
UJonathan Erz, iNtloko yombutho wokufunda kumaziko, uthe:
“Abantwana banelungelo lokufumana imfundo yodidi lokuqala. Esikolweni sethu, sinokubonelela iintsapho ngemfundo ehlangabezana neemfuno zabo zokufunda kwaye ivumela abafundi ukuba bachume. Sinethemba elikhulu lokuba iNkundla iza kululungisa olu ntswela-bulungisa ize igwebe ngokuxhasa inkululeko yemfundo, iqonda ukuba isikolo sethu sibonelela ngemfundo ehlaziyiweyo nekumgangatho ophezulu kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla, uxanduva lomfundi ngamnye, kunye neeyure zokuhamba isikolo ngeveki”.
UMbutho awukwazanga ukuseka amaziko amatsha. Ngenxa yobume besi sikolo, iinkundla zolawulo ziye zalivuma inqanaba elanelisayo lemfundo kodwa zagxeka imodeli ngezizathu zokuba abafundi bachitha ixesha elincinane kunye ngexesha lekhefu naphakathi kweeseshoni. Ngokweenkundla zasekhaya, eli licandelo lemfundo elibalulekileyo elinqongopheleyo kumaziko adibeneyo.
Izithintelo zemfundo zaseJamani zaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho welizwe
IJamani, ngokuvalwa kwemfundo yasekhaya kunye nemiqathango engqongqo yemfundo, inyhasha ilungelo lenkululeko yemfundo njengoko libhaliwe kumgaqo-siseko wayo nakumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe uyamkela ngokukodwa inkululeko yamaqumrhu, anjengoMbutho, wokuseka nokwalathisa amaziko emfundo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ngokuxhomekeke “kwimfuno yokuba imfundo enikezelwa kumaziko anjalo iya kuhambelana nemigangatho emincinane enokuthi ibekwe nguRhulumente” . (uMnqophiso wamaZwe ngamaLungelo ezoQoqosho, ezeNtlalo neNkcubeko, iSiqendu 13.4)
UMnqophiso weZizwe ngeZizwe wamaLungelo ezoQoqosho, ezeNtlalo neNkcubeko, iSiqendu 13.3 sithi oorhulumente banyanzelekile ukuba bahloniphe:
“inkululeko yabazali . . . yokukhethela abantwana babo isikolo, ngaphandle kwezo zimiselwe ngabasemagunyeni, ezithobela imilinganiselo yemfundo ephantsi ebekwe okanye yamkelwe nguRhulumente nokuqinisekisa imfundo yonqulo neyokuziphatha yabantwana babo. ngokuhambelana neenkolelo zabo. "
Ngokuphathelele lo mthetho, uGqr. Böllmann wathi:
“Kusekwe ngokucacileyo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe ukuba abazali banegunya lokuqala lemfundo yabantwana babo. Into eyenziwa ngurhulumente waseJamani ukujongela phantsi imfundo kukunyhashwa ngokuphandle kungekuphela nje inkululeko yemfundo, kodwa kwanamalungelo abazali. Ngaphaya koko, ukufunda umgama ngexesha lokuvalwa kwe-Covid-19 kubonisa ukuba ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kokufunda okuzimeleyo kunye nokuxhaswa ngedijithali kuphelelwe lixesha ”.
The Umthetho osisiseko waseJamani (IGatya lesi-7 loMgaqo-siseko) liqinisekisa ilungelo lokuseka izikolo zabucala—nangona kunjalo, ingcaciso yeenkundla zasekhaya yenza eli lungelo lingasebenzi. Amagqwetha e-ADF International aphikisa ngelithi oku, kukwaphulwa kweNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu. “Izihlandlo ngezihlandlo, iNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu iye yakwenza kwacaca ukuba amalungelo eSivumelwano amele asebenziseke kwaye asebenze,” itsho ingxelo yephephandaba. I-ADF International.
