Eyaziwa ngokuba 'sisiqithi kuLwandle lweMibala eSixhenxe', iSan Andres sesona siqithi sikhulu kwi-Seaflower, equlethe inxalenye yeyona mimandla ityebileyo yekorale emhlabeni.
I-San Andres ngokwayo sisiqithi se-coral, okuthetha ukuba yakhiwe ngokwe-geologically ngezinto eziphilayo ezivela kumathambo eekorale kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi kunye nezityalo ezinxulumene nezi zidalwa zekholoni. Ezi ntlobo zeziqithi ngumhlaba ophantsi, ubukhulu becala ziimitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, zijikelezwe zisundu zekhokhonathi kunye nonxweme lwesanti yekorale emhlophe.
Akumangalisi ukuba esi siqithi saseColombia sikwinqanaba lehlabathi lehlabathi lokuntywila kwi-scuba diving enamanzi acwengileyo, kunye nendawo yabakhenkethi etyelelwa ngabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi nyaka ngamnye.
Kodwa ukuba 'kwimfuno' inecala elisezantsi: I-San Andres ekhethekileyo ye-ecosystem kunye nemithombo yendalo iye yachaphazeleka ngokunzulu. Le yinto eye yabonwa yingcali yebhayoloji kunye nengcali kwidiver uMaria Fernanda Maya.
Uluntu olukhusela ulwandle
“Ndiyibonile iSan Andres itshintsha kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo; ukuncipha kweentlanzi kunye ne-coral cover ibe phezulu kakhulu. Njengelizwe liphela, siye safumana ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu kakhulu lwabantu, kwaye uxinzelelo kwimithombo yethu luyanda,” uxelele I-UN News.
UNksz. Maya uye wantywila kwaye usebenza ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe ukukhusela ubuncwane be-Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. Ungumlawuli we Isiseko seBlue Indigo, umbutho woluntu okhokelwa ngabasetyhini osebenza ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweSan Andres Archipelago, kunye nokukhuselwa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Uthi ugqibe ekubeni enze isiseko kuba ekholelwa ukuba uluntu lwale ndawo kufuneka lukhokele ukhuseleko lwemithombo yalo.
“Ndikhe ndasebenzela iiprojekthi ezininzi zendalo esingqongileyo ezikhokelwa lilizwe liphela, kwaye into eyenzekayo kukuba abantu beze, benze iprojekthi ebekiweyo, baze bahambe. Kwaye akukho ndlela yokuba uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luqhubeke nalo,” isazi ngebhayoloji siyacacisa.
Ndingummi wasesiqithini. Ndakhe ubuhlobo nolwandle ngaphambi kokuba ndizalwe.
UNksz Maya usebenza kunye nomququzeleli wesayensi uMariana Gnecco, oliqabane lakhe kwisiseko.
“Ndingummi wasesiqithini; Ndakhe ubuhlobo nolwandle ngaphambi kokuba ndizalwe. Bendisoloko ndisazi ukuba andifuni ukuba kude nolwandle,” uxelele i-UN News.
UNksz Gnecco uye wakhulula ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-10 ubudala, kwaye, njengoNksz. Ngoku wenza izifundo zakhe zePhD.
Iingcali zebhayoloji zaseBlue Indigo zime kunye ne-coral table-type nursery eSan Andres, eColombia.
Abasetyhini kwisayensi yolwandle
Ngoku ka UNESCO, abafazi bazibandakanya kuyo yonke imiba yokusebenzelana kolwandle, kodwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, igalelo labasetyhini - zombini ezindleleni zokuziphilisa ezisekelwe elwandle njengokuloba, neenzame zolondolozo - zonke azibonakali njengoko ukungalingani ngokwesini kuqhubeka kushishino lwaselwandle kunye icandelo lenzululwazi yolwandle.
Enyanisweni, abafazi imele nje iipesenti ezingama-38 zabo bonke oososayensi baselwandle kwaye ngaphezulu, kukho idatha encinci kakhulu okanye uphando olunzulu malunga nomba wokumelwa kwabasetyhini kwintsimi
Bobabini uNksz Maya kunye noNksz Gnecco banokungqina oku.
“Amadoda ngawona adla ngokukhokela kwinzululwazi yaselwandle kwaye xa kukho amakhosikazi aphetheyo ahlala ethandabuza. Ngandlela ithile, kulungile ukuba nabo njengabancedisi, okanye kwilabhoratri, kodwa xa abafazi bekhokela iiprojekthi, bendisoloko ndiziva ngathi kukho uhlobo lokutyhala. Xa umntu obhinqileyo ethetha ngokutshiseka 'uyaphaphatheka'; xa owasetyhini esenza izigqibo ezingaqhelekanga, ‘uyageza’, kodwa xa indoda isenza, kungenxa yokuba ‘iyinkokeli’”, ugxeka uNkszn Maya.
Uthi ngenxa yokuba le nto ibiyinyani engabhalwanga abhinqileyo ajijisana nayo, usebenze nzima kwiSiseko ukudala nokukhulisa umoya ochaseneyo.
"Siye sakwazi ukuvumelanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye namadoda amaqabane, ukuqaphela, ukuxabisa kunye nokuxhobisa amandla amabhinqa, kunye noko kufuneka amadoda anikele," uNksz Maya ugxininisa.
“Iimbono zethu, ubuchule bethu, nolwazi lwethu belujongelwe phantsi iminyaka emininzi kangangokuba ukukwazi ukukhokela iprojekthi efana nale ngoku kuthetha lukhulu. Ifuzisela [into enkulu] ngokulingana kunye nokubandakanywa. Nangona kusekude ukuba sihambe kuba abasetyhini kwezenzululwazi basajongelwa phantsi ixesha elininzi, ndicinga ukuba sikwindlela eyiyo yokuqubisana naloo ngxaki ngokulungileyo,” utshilo uNks Gnecco.
Isazi sebhayoloji uMaria Fernanda Maya usebenze ubomi bakhe bonke ukukhusela iSeaflower UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Ukugcina iingqaqa zekorale
Ngomhla i-Blue Indigo izazi zebhayoloji zadibana neqela lengxelo ye-UN News field, uNksz Maya kunye noNksz Gnecco baqina imvula engayekiyo ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane obandayo eSan Andres, into eqhelekileyo ngexesha le-Atlantic.
Ngaloo ntsasa, sacinga ukuba kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba sichaze eli bali kuba imvula yayiguqule izitrato zeso siqithi zaba yimilambo, yaye ezinye zeendawo ekwakufuneka sifikelele kuzo zaziguqulelwe zaba yimihadi yodaka.
"Kwaye bathi abafazi bayoyika ukuqhuba," watsho uNksz. Maya ehleka ngobuqili xa esithatha endleleni eya kwenye yeendawo zokubuyisela abasebenza kuzo njengomnye wabaphumezi basekuhlaleni beprojekthi yelizwe lonke "Isigidi esinye seCorals eColombia”, oko kujolise ekubuyiseleni iihektare ezingama-200 zolwalwa kwilizwe liphela.
Kwangoko ngaloo ntsasa, konke ukuntywila kwesi siqithi kwakunqunyanyisiwe ngenxa yemozulu, kodwa iimeko (ubuncinci emanzini) zaye zaphucuka ekugqibeleni, kwaye abasemagunyeni bajika iflegi ebomvu yaba tyheli.
Ezo ndaba zabangela umbhiyozo omncinane phakathi kweqela labafundi abazimiseleyo abatshutshisayo ababecinga ukuba imini yabo yonakele.
Kwangaxeshanye, sonke sanxiba izixhobo zokutyibiliza saza sahamba sisiya ngaselunxwemeni kwimvula eyayigalela ngamandla.
“Xa sele uphantsi kwamanzi, uya kulibala ngolu suku lwengwevu. Uza kubona!” UNksz Maya watsho.
Indawo yokulima ikorale yohlobo lwentambo ekhulisa iintlobo zeAcropora eSan Andres, eColombia.
Kwaye wayengenakuba right ngakumbi. Emva kokuziphosa kunxweme olunamatye (namtyibilizi) wekorale kwicala elingasentshona lesi siqithi, saba nokuzola okumangalisayo phantsi kwamaza.
Ukubonakala kwakukuhle kakhulu, kwaye iingcali zebhayoloji zasithatha zasithatha zasihambisa kwezinye zezityalo zekorale ezazisebenza kuzo. Amaqhekeza e-acropora coral ayakhula. Siphinde sabona ezinye zeekorale esele zitshintshiwe ngaphakathi kulwalwa olumangalisayo lwaseSan Andres.
IBlue Indigo Foundation isebenza ngokusondeleyo nezikolo zokuntywila kwisiqithi, kwaye banegalelo kwiinzame zabo zokubuyisela. I-NGO ikwafundisa iikhosi ezikhethekileyo zokubuyisela abohlukeneyo bamazwe ngamazwe amaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka.
“Abantu beza ukuza kubona iprojekthi yethu kwaye bafunde kwaye badibana ngokulula kuba emva koko basicela ikorale. 'Oh, injani ikorale yam? Le sayityala kuqaqa, iqhuba njani?’,” ucacisa ngelitshoyo uMariana Gnecco, esithi xa abantu bebona izinto eziphilayo zikhula, oko kuyanceda ukwazisa uluntu ngokubanzi.
Iikorale ngaphakathi kwe-Seaflower Biosphere Reserve ziye zahla ukususela kwiminyaka ye-70s, zibangelwa ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye ne-acidification yamanzi, okubangelwa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni eninzi kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
“Ezo zizisongelo zehlabathi, kodwa sikwanazo nezinye izoyikiso zasekuhlaleni ezonakalisa ulwalwa, umzekelo, ukuloba ngokugqithisileyo, izenzo ezimbi zokhenketho, ukungqubana kwamaphenyane, ungcoliseko, nokulahlwa kwelindle,” ugxininisa uNksz Gnecco.
Kutshintshelwe iikorale zeStaghorn ezikhuliswe kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Iinzame zabantu beRaizal kunye nokhenketho oluzinzileyo
By definition, I-UNESCO Biosphere Reserves ngamaziko e-de facto okufunda malunga nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Bakwanike ithuba lokuphonononga utshintsho kunye nonxibelelwano phakathi kweenkqubo zentlalo kunye ne-ecology, kubandakanywa nokulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo.
“Xa kubhengezwa indawo yogcino lwendalo, oko kuthetha ukuba yindawo ekhethekileyo, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yeentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa nangenxa yokuba kukho uluntu olunonxibelelwano olukhethekileyo nolu luhlu lwezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo, unxibelelwano obeluqhubeka kangangamashumi eminyaka kunye nenkcubeko nenkcubeko. ixabiso lembali,” kuchaza uNksz Gnecco.
I-Seaflower ikhethekile kakhulu, wongeza, esixelela ukuba ibandakanya i-10 lepesenti yoLwandle lweCaribbean, i-75 pesenti ye-coral reefs yaseColombia kwaye yindawo ethandwa kakhulu yokugcina ookrebe.
“Uluntu lwalapha - abantu baseRaizal, abasele behleli apha izizukulwana ngezizukulwana - bafunde indlela yokunxibelelana nezi nkqubo zendalo ngendlela esempilweni nezinzileyo. Le yindlela yethu yokuphila kubo bobabini uRaizal kunye nabanye abahlali. Sixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kule nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, yiyo loo nto ibalulekile kwaye ikhethekile”, yongeza isazi ngebhayoloji.
I-Raizal yiqela le-Afro-Caribbean elihlala kwiziqithi zaseSan Andrés, Providencia naseSanta Catalina kude noNxweme lweCaribbean yaseColombia. Babonwa nguRhulumente njengenye yezizwe zase-Afro-Colombian.
Bathetha isiCreole saseSan Andrés-Providencia, esinye seziCreole zesiNgesi ezininzi ezisetyenziswa kwiiCaribbean. Kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo, iRaizal imele ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sabemi besiqithi. Namhlanje, abemi ngokubanzi baphantse babe ngama-80,000, kodwa iRaizal yenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-40, ngenxa yokufuduka kwabantu abaninzi besuka kumhlaba omkhulu.
Isazi ngebhayoloji kaRaizal uAlfredo Abril-Howard esebenza noMaria Fernanda Maya noMaria Gnecco beBlue Indigo Foundation.
URaizal Marine Biologist kunye nomphandi uAlfredo Abril-Howard naye usebenza kwiBlue Indigo foundation.
“Inkcubeko yethu isondelelene nolwandle. Abalobi ngabokuqala ukubona utshintsho kwi-coral - umzekelo, baqaphela ukuba ulwalwa oluphilileyo lutsala iintlanzi ezininzi. Bangachaza umfanekiso ocacileyo wendlela uqaqa olwalubonakala ngayo kwixa elidlulileyo...akukho mntu ukuqonda ukubaluleka kweengqaqa zethu ngaphezu kwazo,” ugxininisa.
Ingcali ithi ikholelwa ukuba kukho umcimbi omkhulu wentlalo-ntle yoluntu eSan Andres: ngaphandle kokhenketho, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa kakhulu zokuba abantu bakhe baziphilise.
“Ukhenketho luhlala lukhula kwaye uninzi lwemisebenzi yezoqoqosho lujikeleza kulo. Ke, sifuna iintlanzi ezininzi kuba kukho abakhenkethi abaninzi, ke ngoku sibamba iintlanzi zalo naluphi na ubungakanani obuchaphazela i-ecosystem”, utshilo, egxininisa ukuba ulawulo lokhenketho olungcono lunokuvelisa amathuba angcono ezoqoqosho kubemi balapha ngelixa uvumela ulwalwa luchume ngaxeshanye.
UMnu. Abril-Howard uchaza ukuba ukuntywila, ukuba kulawulwa ngokuzinzileyo, kunokuba nefuthe kwi-ecosystem. Isenokunceda ukwazisa malunga neenzame zokubuyisela kwaye kwangaxeshanye ibuyisele kulwalwa.
“Sifuna utshintsho kwindlela esenza ngayo ukhenketho lwethu. Ukubuyisela iingqaqa zethu kubalulekile, kodwa kwakhona kufuneka senze abatyeleli bazi ukuba ikho, kwaye ayilolitye, Ngumntu ophilayo kwaye akufanele banyathele kuyo. Ezi zizinto ezincinci ezinokuxhamla kwi-coral cover yexa elizayo. Kukwafuneka sibabonise abantu ukuba kuninzi kwesi siqithi kunokuza epatini unxile ukuze bafunde okuthile,” utshilo.
Umlobi weRaizal uCamilo Leche ngaphambi nje kokuba athabathe uhambo lokuloba kusasa.
Umsebenzi we 'superheroes'
KuCamilo Leche, naye uRaizal, iinzame zokubuyisela iikorale ngoku ziyinxalenye yobomi bakhe njengomlobi.
“Ndineminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ndiloba. Ndikhumbula ndibona i-coral bleach okokuqala - uyazi xa i-coral iqala ukujika ibe mhlophe - kwaye ucinga ukuba kungenxa yokuba i-coral yayiguga, ngathi sifumana iinwele ezimhlophe. Kodwa ngoku ndiyaqonda ukuba kungenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu,” usixelela nje ngaphambi kokuba aye kuhambo lwakhe lwakusasa lokuloba.
"Ngaphambi kokuba ndibone iikorale ezintle ezijikeleze apha kwaye kwakulula ukufumana iilobster kunye neentlanzi ezinkulu, ngoku kufuneka siqhubele phambili ukuze sizifumane", wongezelela.
UMnu. Leche uthi unethemba lokuba iinkokeli zehlabathi zinokubeka ‘izandla zazo ezintliziyweni nasezingxoweni zazo’ ukuze zixhase ngemali amalinge okubuyisela angakumbi afana naleyo yenziwa yiSiseko, ancedisayo ngoku.
“Ndifunde ukucanda iikorale nokuzifaka ezintsontelweni. Siphinde siphume siyokwenza uqhaqho-fakelo. Kwaye loo maqhekeza amancinci ngoku esiba makhulu kwaye mahle, xa ndiwabona, ndiziva ndinelunda ngawo. Ndiziva ndiligorha elibalaseleyo”.
Uluntu lwaseRaizal lubandakanyeka ngokusebenzayo kwiinzame zokubuyisela i-coral reef. Apha amadoda amabini alungele ukufaka i-coral nursery yodidi lwetafile.
Ukuqubha ngokuchasene nomsinga
I-San Andres ayilahleki nje kuphela i-coral reef kunye neebhanki zeentlanzi, kodwa isiqithi sijongene nokukhukuliseka konxweme kwaye sisengozini yokunyuka kolwandle kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu ezifana nenkanyamba.
Zonke ezi zonakalisa iziseko zophuhliso kwaye zinciphisa ukugquma kolwandle oluhle lwesi siqithi. Kwezinye iindawo, abantu balapha bathi ngaphambi kokuba badlale umdlalo webhola ekhatywayo kwiindawo apho kubonwa imitha yolwandle kuphela.
I-ecosystems Blue Indigo isebenza ukubuyisela kubalulekile ukukhusela uluntu ngexesha lemozulu embi.
Ngokomzekelo, izazinzulu zaseColombia baye bakwazi ukubonisa indlela i-mangrove ekhusele ngayo iSan Andres ngexesha leenkanyamba i-Eta kunye ne-Iota ngo-2020, phakathi kwezinye iindlela ngokunciphisa isantya somoya ngaphezu kwe-60 km / h.
Kwangaxeshanye, iingqaqa zekorale zinokunciphisa malunga neepesenti ezingama-95 ukuphakama kwamaza avela kwimpuma yoLwandle lweCaribbean, kunye nokunciphisa amandla azo ngexesha lezaqhwithi.
“Siyazi ukuba iinzame zethu zokubuyisela azinako ukubuyisela i-coral reef ngokupheleleyo, kuba yinkqubo yendalo entsonkothileyo. Kodwa ngokukhulisa iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana sinokuba nempembelelo entle, sibuyise iintlanzi kwaye sivuthise amandla endalo ezi zinto ziphilayo ukuze ziziphilise,” itsho njalo inkosi yaseBlue Indigo uMaria Fernanda Maya.
Isazi ngebhayoloji uMaria Fernanda Maya ucoca indawo yokugcina iikorale eluhlobo lwentambo.
KuMariana Gnecco, imalunga nokunceda ulwalwa ukuba luphile ngexesha lenguquko yendawo engqongileyo eyenzekayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
“Into esiyifunayo yinkqubo yendalo esebenzayo. Sizama ubuncinane ukuyinika uncedo ukuze ikwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. I-ecosystem iza kutshintsha, izokwenzeka lonto, kodwa ukuba siyayinceda izokwenzeka ngendlela engazukufa tu kwaphela”, utshilo.
Zombini Ishumi leminyaka le-UN yoBuyiselo lwe-Ecosystem kwaye i Ishumi leminyaka le-UN leNzululwazi yoLwandle kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, zombini eziqale ngo-2021 kwaye ziya kuqhuba de kube ngu-2030, zijolise ekufumaneni izisombululo zenzululwazi yolwandle eziguquguqukayo zokuqinisekisa ulwandle olucocekileyo, olunemveliso nolukhuselekileyo, kunye nokubuyisela inkqubo yendalo yaselwandle.
Ngokutsho kwe-UNESCO, ukulungelelanisa ukulingana ngokwesini kuyo yonke i-Ocean Science Decade kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba, ngo-2030, abafazi kakhulu njengamadoda baya kuqhuba isayensi yolwandle kunye nolawulo, ukunceda ukuhambisa ulwandle esiludingayo kwikamva eliphumelelayo, elizinzileyo nelikhuselekileyo lokusingqongileyo.
“Abasetyhini ababandakanyekayo koku bavula indlela kubo bonke abafazi abaza ngasemva. Ngokwenene, ikamva liyingxaki, kwaye sibhukuda ngokuchasene nemeko yangoku, kodwa ndicinga ukuba nantoni na esinokuyenza ingcono kunokwenza nto.”
Lowo ngumyalezo kaMariana Gnecco kuthi sonke.
