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Ngokomzekelo, i Inyathelo lokuNgafihli kwi-Extractive Industries yaphehlelelwa ngo-2002 ukuququzelela ukubhengezwa ngokuzithandela ngoorhulumente kunye neefemu zabanini abaxhamli beenkampani ezikhuphayo. Okulusizi kukuba, eli nyathelo lijolise kuphela kwimithombo ye-oyile, irhasi nezimbiwa, ukuloba kwe-IUU kungakhange kuhoywe.
Ngeli xesha, iFisheries Transparency Initiative (FiTI) iqaqambisa iinzame zokwandisa ukungafihli malunga nobunini obuxhamlwayo, iquka ukubaluleka kobunini obunenzuzo kuMgangatho wayo, ochaza ulwazi abasemagunyeni kuzwelonke kufuneka bapapashe kwi-intanethi malunga namacandelo abo okuloba. Amazwe amaninzi atyikitye uMgangatho weFiTI. Njengelizwe lokuqala ukunika ingxelo ngezibophelelo zalo, ngo-2020 iSeychelles yapasisa umthetho (uMthetho woBunini beNzuzo ka-2020) ofuna ukugcinwa kweerejista zakutshanje zabanini abaxhamli, kunye nerejista ephakathi yabanini abanenzuzo ekhoyo ngo-2021. Amanyathelo afana ne-FiTI ajongene noluhlu lwemiba, hayi kancinci ethathwa linani eliqingqiweyo lamazwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye icela amazwe kuphela ukuba anike ingxelo ngenkqubela-phambili yawo ekuphumezeni iirejista zobunini ezixhamlisa uluntu, kunokuba yenze imfuneko yokwamkela Umgangatho.
Inyathelo elivela kwiFinancial Action Task Force (FATF) – i-world financial crime watchdog – nayo iye yacotha. Ngo-2020, iFATF yaqaqambisa iindlela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweqokobhe kunye neenkampani zangaphambili ivumela ukuthengiswa kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zezilwanyana zasendle ezisengozini yokuphela. Emva konyaka, I-FATF yandise ukugxila kwayo ukusuka kurhwebo olungekho mthethweni lwezilwanyana zasendle (i-IWT) ukuya kwiingozi zokurhwaphiliza imali ezinxulunyaniswa nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni, ukumbiwa kwemigodi ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokurhweba ngenkunkuma. Kodwa ngokudanisayo, iFATF inakho waqhubeka engahoyi IUU ukuloba ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukungabikho ngqalelo ehlawulwe yi-FATF kulo mbandela, ngo-2022, i IQela le-Asia-Pacific kwi-Money Laundering (APG) libandakanya isahluko kwingxelo yalo yochwethezo kwinkalo yemali engekho mthethweni yokuloba kwe-IUU, ibonelela ngemizekelo yophando kunye nohlalutyo olugxininisa ubume boshishino lomba. Amanye amaqumrhu ommandla wohlobo lwe-FATF, nangona kunjalo, ayikajiki ingqwalasela yawo kukuloba kwe-IUU. Abaphumelelanga ukulandela umzekelo we-APG nangona kukho umboniso ocacileyo wokuba akukho mfuneko yokulinda i-FATF ngokwayo - ngakumbi xa iimpembelelo zomba ofana nokuloba kwe-IUU zixhalabisa ngakumbi kumalungu (kaninzi kulo lonke i-Global South) .Oku kunqongophala kwamanyathelo axhaphakileyo kuza nangona i-UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) ibhekisela kwizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwimithombo yendalo njengolwaphulo-mthetho kushishino lokuloba kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwerhafu kwishishini lokuloba. imiba enegalelo kwiinkqubo zemali ezingekho mthethweni, njengoko ibandakanyiwe kwithagethi ye-SDG 16.4.1.
Kuyakhuthaza ukuba, i Unxibelelwano lwabaPhathiswa beG7 beMozulu nokusiNgqongileyo ekhutshwe ngoMeyi ka-2021 yamkele 'iingxoxo zaBaphathiswa bezeMali ngokomeleza ukufihlwa kobunini okuzuzisayo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane ngcono nokuqukuqela kwemali engekho mthethweni evela kwi-IWT kunye nezinye izoyikiso ezingekho mthethweni kwindalo'. Ukanti, kwakhona, ukuloba kwe-IUU akubizwanga ngokuthe ngqo. Oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba amazwe e-G7 athatha inxaxheba kuninzi lwemarike yokutya kwaselwandle yehlabathi, oku kushiyiwa kubonakalisa umdla olinganiselweyo wezopolitiko wokujongana nale ngxaki.
Ngeli xesha, iintsingiselo ezibanzi ngokunxulumene nenkqubela phambili ekuhleni yobunini obuxhamliweyo zinokuba nefuthe elibi kwicandelo lezokuloba. Ngokucacileyo, ngoNovemba 2022, iNkundla yezoBulungisa ye-EU yavuma a lawula oku kumisa inkqubela ngokungasebenzi kwamalungiselelo e-EU's Anti-Money Laundering Directive evumele ukufikelela koluntu kwiirejistri ezichaza abanini abaxhamlwayo. Nangona unomda obanzi kakhulu kunobunikazi obuluncedo kwicandelo lezokuloba, esi sigwebo sinokuyijongela phantsi inkqubela kulo mmandla.
Ukungafihli kwezeMali kufuneka kubekwe phambili
Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu ukwandisa ingxabano ye-geopolitical kushishino lokuloba kwimimandla ethile kunye nokuqhuba utshintsho kwiipatheni zokuhlangana phakathi kokuloba kwe-IUU kunye nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho, oku kusilela ukwenza izinto ngokufihlwayo nokufihlwa kwemali okwenza ukuba ukuloba kwe-IUU kufuneka kusonjululwe. Oku kungxamisekile ngokukodwa ekubeni ukuloba kwe-IUU kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwinkqubo yezemali esesikweni, nto leyo eyenza ukuba kube lula ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo ahlangeneyo luluntu oluchasene nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemali. Xa kujongwa ukuba yintoni na esemngciphekweni kunye nemfuno yothintelo olusebenzayo, ukubekwa elubala kwemali ngoku kufuneka kubekwe kumbindi weenzame zokulwa nokuloba kwi-IUU.
