Ukhuselo, ngaba i-EU idala umkhosi waseYurophu?

Nangona kungekho mkhosi waseYurophu kunye nokhuselo luhlala luyinto yamazwe angamalungu kuphela, i-EU ithathe amanyathelo amakhulu ukunyusa intsebenziswano yokhuselo kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo.

Ukusukela ngo-2016, kukho inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwindawo yokhuseleko kunye nokhuseleko lwe-EU kunye namanyathelo aliqela e-EU okukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye nokomeleza amandla eYurophu okuzikhusela. Funda amagqabantshintshi ophuhliso lwamva nje.

Ulindelo oluphezulu lokhuselo lwe-EU

Uninzi lwabemi be-EU (i-81%) bavumelana nomgaqo-nkqubo oqhelekileyo wokukhusela kunye nokhuseleko, ubuncinane isibini kwisithathu sixhasa kwilizwe ngalinye, ngokwedatha ye-2022 epapashwe yi-Eurobarometer. Abanye abangama-93% bayavuma ukuba amazwe kufuneka asebenze kunye ukukhusela ummandla we-EU, ngelixa i-85% icinga ukuba intsebenziswano ekukhuseleni kufuneka inyuswe kwinqanaba le-EU.

Iinkokeli ze-EU ziyaqonda ukuba akukho lizwe le-EU linokumelana nezoyikiso zokhuseleko lwangoku. Umzekelo uMongameli waseFransi uMacron wabiza iprojekthi yomkhosi waseYurophu edibeneyo Ngo-2017, ngelixa owayesakuba yingqonyela yaseJamani uMerkel wathi "kufuneka sisebenze kumbono wemini enye yokuseka umkhosi ofanelekileyo waseYurophu" kuye. intetho kwiPalamente yaseYurophu ngoNovemba 2018. Ukuqhubela phambili kwimanyano yezokhuseleko kunye neyokhuselo ibe yenye yezinto eziphambili zeKhomishoni ye-von der Leyen.

Amanyathelo e-EU ukunyusa intsebenziswano yokhuselo

Umgaqo-nkqubo wokhuselo we-EU unikezelwa yiSivumelwano saseLisbon (Inqaku le-42(2) TEU). Nangona kunjalo, isivumelwano sichaza ngokucacileyo ukubaluleka komgaqo-nkqubo wokukhusela welizwe, kuquka ubulungu be-NATO okanye ukungathathi hlangothi. IPalamente yaseYurophu iye yahlala ixhasa intsebenziswano eyongezelelekileyo, ukwanda kotyalo-mali kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemithombo yobutyebi ukudala intsebenziswano kwinqanaba le-EU ukukhusela ngcono abantu baseYurophu.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-EU iqalile ukuphumeza amalinge amabhongo ukubonelela ngezibonelelo ezingaphezulu, ukuvuselela ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuququzelela intsebenziswano kunye nokuxhasa uphuhliso lwezakhono:

• Intsebenziswano emiselweyo esisigxina (PESCO) yaba yasungulwa ngoDisemba ka-2017. Ngoku isebenza ngesiseko se Iiprojekthi zentsebenziswano ezingama-47kunye nezibophelelo ezibophelelayo ezibandakanya uMyalelo wezoNyango waseYurophu, iNkqubo yokuHlola yaseLwandle, ukuncedisana kwi-cyber-security kunye namaqela aphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nesikolo esihlangeneyo se-EU.
• The INgxowa-mali yoKhuselo yaseYurophu (EDF) yaba yaqaliswa ngoJuni 2017. Yayikusetyenziso lokuqala lwebhajethi ye-EU ukuxhasa ngemali intsebenziswano yokhuselo. Nge-29 ka-Epreli 2021, Ii-MEPs zivumile ukuxhasa ngemali isixhobo esineflegi kunye nebhajethi ye-7.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola njengenxalenye yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwexesha elide lwe-EU (2021-2027).
• I-EU yomelele intsebenziswano neNATO kwiiprojekthi ngokubanzi iindawo ezisixhenxe kubandakanya ukhuseleko lwe-cybersecurity, imithambo edibeneyo kunye nokuchasana nobunqolobi.
• Isicwangciso sokuququzelela ukuhamba emkhosini ngaphakathi nakulo lonke i-EU ukwenza kube lula ukuba abasebenzi basemkhosini kunye nezixhobo zisebenze ngokukhawuleza ekuphenduleni kwiintlekele.
• Ukwenza uxhaso-mali lwemishini yoluntu kunye nomkhosi kunye nemisebenzi isebenze ngakumbi. Ukususela ngoJuni 2017 umyalelo omtsha kunye nesakhiwo sokulawula (MPCC) siphucule ulawulo lweengxaki ze-EU.

Ukuchitha ngaphezulu, ukuchitha ngcono, ukuchitha kunye

Amazwe e-EU achitha ngaphezulu ekuthengeni izixhobo zokhuselo

Ngokwedatha epapashwe yi-Arhente yoKhuselo yaseYurophu nge-8 kaDisemba 2022, inkcitho yokhuselo yaseYurophu iyonke imi kwi-214 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2021, inyuke nge-6% ngo-2020, unyaka wesixhenxe olandelelanayo wokukhula.

Ingxelo ibonisa inkcitho kwizixhobo zokukhusela kunye nophando kunye nophuhliso lwenyuka nge-16% kwirekhodi ye-52 yezigidigidi.

I-EU yomeleza isicwangciso sayo sokukhusela esiqhelekileyo

Imfazwe yaseRussia nxamnye neUkraine yagxininisa imfuneko yokuba i-EU yomeleze isicwangciso sayo sokhuselo kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuveliswa kwezixhobo.

Nge-13 kaJulayi, 2023 IPalamente ivotele inkxaso ye-500 yezigidi zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali yokunceda ishishini le-EU linyuse imveliso yembumbulu kunye nemijukujelwa ukwandisa ukuhanjiswa e-Ukraine kunye nokunceda amazwe e-EU azalise izitokhwe, ezibizwa ngokuba. Ukwenziwa kweNxaso kwiMveliso yeeMpu. (NGOKUKHAWULEZA OKUDIBENE NOKUNGXAMA).

Ii-MEPs nazo zisebenza kwi-European Defense Industry Reinforcement ngoMthetho wokuThengwa kweeMpahla (i-EDIRPA) ukuxhasa amazwe e-EU ngokudibeneyo ekuthengeni iimveliso zokhuselo ezifana neenkqubo zezixhobo, iimbumbulu kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ukwenzela ukunceda ukuzalisa ezona zithuba zingxamisekileyo nezibalulekileyo. Injongo yalo mthetho kukunyusa isiseko sokhuselo lweYurophu kunye nethekhinoloji kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano ekuthengeni izinto zokhuselo.

NgoJuni 2023, IPalamente kunye neBhunga bafikelele kwisivumelwano kwimithetho emitsha yokukhuthaza amazwe e-EU ukuba athenge ngokudibeneyo iimveliso zokhuselo kunye nokuxhasa ishishini lokhuselo le-EU. Isixhobo esitsha siya kuba nesabelomali se-€ 300 yezigidi ukuya kwi-2025. I-EU iya kuba negalelo ukuya kwi-20% yexabiso lokuthenga izivumelwano zokuthenga eziqhelekileyo.

Ifoto yi-Arhente yoKhuselo yaseYurophu