Ukulandela uhambo lwebhola yomnyazi ukusuka kumazwe angaphandle aseMelika ukuya kumdlalo oxabisekileyo waseYurophu, eli nqaku lichaza indlela umdlalo owalithatha ngayo ilizwekazi ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi engenakwenzeka kwi-Springfield YMCA ukuya kwi-fandom enomsindo namhlanje, khumbula imbali echulumancisayo yebhola yomnyazi eYurophu ngeemfazwe, iingxwabangxwaba zezopolitiko, kunye nenguqu yenkcubeko. Sijoyine njengoko sibalisa indlela ibhola yomnyazi ephumelele ngayo kwiintliziyo zaseYurophu, yavuselela amaphupha amabhongo, yaze yaba yeyayo emhlabeni wangaphandle. Ibali elide lendlela ukuzonwabisa kwaseMelika okunyuke ngayo ukuya kwindawo ephakamileyo edizzy ukunqumla iAtlantiki liya kukushiya uchwayitile ngakumbi.
Ibhola ekhatywayo, umdlalo we-American quintessentially, uthathe iYurophu ngoqhwithela kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo. Ukusukela kwisiqalo esithobekileyo ukuya ekudumeni okukhulu kwilizwekazi liphela namhlanje, uhambo lwebhola yomnyazi eYurophu luveza ibali elinika umdla lokutshintshiselana ngenkcubeko.
Ngokungafaniyo nebhola yebhola ekhatywayo okanye ekhatywayo yaseMelika, ibhola yomnyazi ayizange ithintelwe yimithetho entsonkothileyo okanye izixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Oku kwavumela umdlalo ukuba ufumane ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza xa waziswa eYurophu ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1900. Iimfuno ezilula zebhola kunye nebhaskithi zenza ukuba ibhola yomnyazi ikhule ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi phakathi kolutsha.
Imvelaphi
Ibhola yebhasikithi yasungulwa ngo-1891 eSpringfield, Massachusetts ngunjingalwazi waseKhanada uJames Naismith. Njengomhlohli kwiSikolo soQeqesho se-YMCA, uNaismith wanikwa umsebenzi wokuyila umdlalo wangaphakathi ukuze agcine abafundi bexakekile ngexesha lobusika obubandayo baseNew England. Isicombululo sakhe sasibandakanya ukubethelela iingobozi ezimbini zeepesika kwincam echaseneyo yeholo yomthambo aze agibisele kuyo ibhola ekhatywayo.
Esi siqalo sithozamileyo sivelise owona mdlalo udumileyo ehlabathini. Ukulandela ukwamkelwa kwangoko kwebhola yomnyazi ziikholeji, uMkhosi oxhobileyo waseMelika wasasaza umdlalo kwihlabathi liphela ngexesha leMfazwe yeHlabathi ye-IUS amajoni azisa ibhola yomnyazi eYurophu, evuselela umdla kulo lonke ilizwekazi.
Ukukhula kwangoko
Ngexesha lemfazwe, ibhola yomnyazi yafumana umdla, ngakumbi empuma nakumazantsi eYurophu apho impembelelo yaseFransi neyaseMelika yayinamandla ngenxa yobukho basemkhosini. Amazwe afana ne-Itali, Yugoslavia, kunye nePoland avele njengabamkeli bokuqala.
Iitumente zokuqala zelizwekazi zaqhutywa ngo-1935 kumadoda nabasetyhini. ISwitzerland ibibambe iNtshatsheli yaseYurophu yamadoda ngelixa i-Italiya ibibambe umsitho wokuqala wabasetyhini. ILithuania ithathe igolide kwitumente yamadoda, ngelixa i-Itali ebambe indwendwe iphumelele isibiyeli sabasetyhini. Oku kwabhengeza ukuqala kokhuphiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Imiqobo iyavela
Ukuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwanqumamisa ukukhula kwebhola yomnyazi eYurophu. Iiligi zasongwa kwaye izixhobo ziye zanqongophala. Ngexesha lasemva kwemfazwe, abalawuli bamakomanisi eMpuma Yurophu babeyijonga ibhola yomnyazi njengengavisisaniyo nemilinganiselo yobusoshiyali. Baye bakhuthaza imidlalo ekucingelwa ukuba ifuna intsebenziswano enkulu njengebhola yevoli nebhola ekhatywayo endaweni yoko.
Amazwe alawulwa yiSoviet Union afana neCzechoslovakia neHungary kwafuneka adlale ngokufihlakeleyo de kwaba ngoo-1970. Nangona kunjalo, abalandeli abanomoya bagcina i-basketball iphila nangamaxesha anzima. Ekugqibeleni umdlalo uye woyisa njengoko oorhulumente bobukomanisi bakhululayo.
UkuBuyiselwa kwakhona kunye nokuKhula
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1940 ibhola yomnyazi yaphinda yaphindaphindeka, njengoko kungqinwa kukusekwa kwe-International Basketball Federation (FIBA) e-Geneva ngo-1946. Ukwakhiwa kumandla ahlaziyiweyo, itumente yokuqala ye-Olympic yebhola yomnyazi yabanjwa ngowe-1936 kwangena amazwe angama-23.
I-FIBA World Championship yokuqala yenzeka ngo-1950 eArgentina. I-Argentina iphumelele imbasa zegolide ibonise ukufikelela okwandayo kwebhola yomnyazi. Imbasa yobhedu yeSoviet Union yayifanekisela ulawulo lwabo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukufika kwe-European Champions Cup, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba yi-EuroLeague, kwi-1958 kwaphawula enye into ebalulekileyo. Amaqela eeklabhu asuka kulo lonke elaseYurophu akhuphisana kwiligi entsha yelizwekazi. IReal Madrid yavela yoyisa kwisizini yokuqala.
Amaqela ochwephesha aseka ngokukhawuleza, aqala nge-Italiya ngo-1920. Iiligi zaseFransi naseSpain zalandela. Umdla webhola yomnyazi wawutshayela ilizwekazi kwakhona.
Ukunyuka kweMpuma Yurophu
Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1960 ukuya koo-1980, iSoviet Union kunye neYugoslavia zaba ngamagunya ezizwe ngezizwe. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwetalente zabaqhubela phambili.
IiSoviets zabamba iigolide ezintathu zeOlimpiki ezithe ngqo ukusuka ngo-1988 ukuya ku-1980 kunye namaqela anamandla. IYugoslavia nayo yafumana imbasa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokusebenzisa abadlali abasuka kwiiriphabliki ezahlukeneyo. Impumelelo yabo yabeka iYurophu kukhuphiswano oluthe ngqo ne-US
Omabini la mazwe aphumelele iindebe zehlabathi ezininzi ngeli xesha. Italente yaseYurophu yayikhula kwaye ifumana ukuqondwa kwihlabathi liphela. Abadlali abafana noDrazen Petrovic waseCroatia kunye noArvydas Sabonis waseLithuania bangena kwi-NBA, bevula indlela kwabanye.
Iyaqhubeka iGlobalization
Emva kokuba iMfazwe Yomlomo iphelile, ukudityaniswa kwebhola yomnyazi kwanda ngakumbi. Iinkwenkwezi ezininzi zaseYurophu ezifana noTony Parker kunye noDirk Nowitzki bajoyine i-NBA. Izithintelo zabadlali bangaphandle zithotyiwe, zivumela ukufuduka okukhulu.
I-NBA nayo izibophelele ekwandiseni ukuthandwa kwayo phesheya. Umboniso kunye nemidlalo yesizini eqhelekileyo iye yavela eYurophu. Iintengiso kunye nosasazo lwentengiso luzise ibhola yomnyazi yaseMelika kubalandeli baseYurophu.
Kwangaxeshanye, i-EuroLeague yakhula yaba liligi yeklabhu yehlabathi. Iiklabhu eziphambili eziphuma kulo lonke elaseYurophu zikhuphisana minyaka le kubuntshatsheli. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweklabhu kunye nemivuzo ngoku zikhuphisana namaqela e-NBA.
Umkhuhlane weBasketball uyaqhubeka ukunwenwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kolutsha kuye kwanda. I-NBA yaseYurophu ngoku iqhuba iinkampu kunye neetumente zamathemba kwilizwekazi liphela. Uphuhliso lomdlalo luhleli luqhuba.
Ukunyamezela Umdla
Ngaphezulu nje kwenkulungwane, ibhola yomnyazi iye yavela ngokumangalisayo ukusuka kwinto entsha yaseMelika ukuya kwiziko elithandwayo laseYurophu. Umdla welizwekazi ungqinwa zizihlwele ezithengisayo, ukhuphiswano lwamaqela, kunye nabalandeli abazinikeleyo.
IYurophu yamkele ibhola yomnyazi ngokwemiqathango yayo ngelixa isenza igalelo elikhethekileyo kwindaleko yomdlalo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusuka eLithuania ukuya eGrisi, izizwe zaseYurophu ziye zavela njengamandla anamandla e-basketball ngoku akhuphisana ngokwamanqanaba kunye ne-US.
Ngelixa ekuqaleni ibingumdlalo ongenisiweyo waseMelika, ibhola yomnyazi iye yaba yaseYurophu ngokwasengqondweni. Imbali iveza inkqubo eguqukayo yosasazo lwenkcubeko, ukuziqhelanisa nokukhula. Ikamva lithembisa uphuhliso oluqhubekayo njengoko ibhola yomnyazi isomeleza indawo yayo kwilaphu lezemidlalo laseYurophu.
