Ngaphandle kweemfazwe ezininzi, iintlekele zemozulu, izibetho kunye nobhubhane, ezinye zezona ngxaki zibalulekileyo zilele emehlweni enguquko yoluntu.
Sidla ngokunika ingxelo ngayo, kodwa ichane ngakumbi ukuthabatha incoko encinane kuyo umatshini wokushicilela, ubawo, oomatshini bomoya, iindondo, amathala eencwadi kunye neepapa ezithengiweyo. Malunga nalezi ziqalo, ngaphandle kokuba asinakuphila usuku, isayithi i-Medievalіѕtѕ.net ikhumbuza.
Umatshini wokubukela
Igama lixabiso lepecypc. Nangona indlela yokulinganisa ixesha yaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, kuphela ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji ephakamileyo iye yakwazi ukwenza izibuko zomatshini. Balinganisa ixesha ngokuchanekileyo kwaye abantu banokucwangcisa ngcono ubomi babo.
Ipresi yokushicilela
AmaTshayina ayazi iteknoloji yokushicilela ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-11. Kwiinkulungwane ezine kamva, uJohannes Gutenberg waseJamani wenza umatshini wokushicilela, ngaphandle kwawo ubomi bale mihla abuyi kufana.
I-Gunpowder
Ukuveliswa kukabawo kubhalwe kwindawo ethile phakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11th inkulungwane e-China. Kuthatha ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba isetyenziswe, ubhala labrujulaverde.som. Siyazi ukuba amaMongol ayebahlonipha ootata kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ebangela utshintsho kwimicimbi yezomkhosi.
Amanzi kunye nezixhobo zomoya
Umntu ebesebenzisa amatye okusila ukusukela kumaxesha eNeolithic. NgePanno, nangona kunjalo, baba mdaka ngakumbi. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezidalwe ezahlukileyo kulwakhiwo.
Ikhefi
Isithethe sokusela ikofu savela kwiPeninsula yaseArabia malunga nenkulungwane ye-15. Ngenxa yale njongo, kumazwe ase-Ottoman, iindawo ezikhethekileyo - iikhefi - zakhiwe. Baqala ukubonakala eYurophu kamva, betshintsha ngokupheleleyo amasiko asekhaya kunye nokudala iindlela ezintsha zokugcina unxibelelwano loluntu.
izibuko
I-Ethiopia ayikhumbuli ukuba ngubani kanye owayila iiglasi zeglasi, kodwa iyazi ukuba ziye zafunwa eNtshona Yurophu ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-13. ingxaki kukuvalwa kwaye yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo.
Amathala eencwadi oluntu
Kukholelwa ukuba ithala leencwadi lokuqala likawonke-wonke ehlabathini yayiyiMalatėsta Novello eCesena, eMntla Italy. Yavulwa okwesibini ngowe-1452.
Ifoto nguTom Swinnen: https://www.pexels.com/photo/vintage-black-windmill-during-sunset-952632/
