Kwiphulo layo lokufuna amaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, PROTEX, i-arhente yombuso wase-Argentina elwa nokurhweba ngabantu kunye namaqela olwaphulo-mthetho axhaphaza amahenyukazi, iye yaqulunqa amahenyukazi entelekelelo kwaye ngokwenza njalo yenza amaxhoba okwenyani ngokulumkisa amajelo eendaba xa yayiqhuba i-SWAT exhobileyo exhobileyo ngo-Agasti ka-2022 kwiSikolo saseBuenos Aires Yoga (BAYS). ), iqela leenkolelo zefilosofi kutyholwa ngokuqhuba umsesane wokuthengisa ngomzimba nakwezinye iindawo ezingamashumi amahlanu eBuenos Aires.
Inqaku elipapashwe kuqala ngu BitterWinter.Org
Lilonke, izigunyaziso zokubanjwa zakhutshwa ngokuchasene nabantu abali-19, amadoda ali-10 kunye nabasetyhini abali-9, ekutyholwa ukuba baqhuba umsesane wolwaphulo-mthetho. Bonke bavalelwa entolongweni kwaye bangeniswa kulawulo oluqatha kakhulu lwentolongo kumaxesha angaphambi kokuvalelwa ukusuka kwi-18 ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-84. Kumatyala amabini, iNkundla Yezibheno yasirhoxisa eso sityholo ngenxa yokuba singenasihlahla. Abanye bakhululekile kwaye balinde umjikelo olandelayo.
Amahenyukazi enziweyo
Abasetyhini abahlanu abadala kunamashumi amahlanu, abathathu kumashumi amane kunye nomnye ophakathi kwiminyaka yakhe engamashumi amathathu kwelinye icala bamangalela abatshutshisi ababini bePROTEX amabango angenasihlahla okuba angamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini kwisakhelo sesikolo seyoga. Kwelinye icala, bangamaxhoba okwenene e-PROTEX njengoko ngoku bethwele esidlangalaleni ibala lehenyukazi, abakhanyela ngamandla ukuba bakhe baba. Nangona ubuhenyu bungekho semthethweni eArgentina, umonakalo mkhulu kubomi babo bobuqu, kusapho, nakubomi babo bomsebenzi.
Abo bathengisa ngomzimba basandul 'udliwano-ndlebe eBuenos Aires nguSusan Palmer, uNjingalwazi odibeneyo kwiSebe leeNkolo kunye neeNkcubeko kwiYunivesithi yaseConcordia eMontreal (eCanada) kunye noMlawuli waBantwana beCandelo leeNkolo kunye neProjekthi yoLawulo loMbuso kwiYunivesithi yaseMcGill (eCanada), exhaswayo. yiNzululwazi yezeNtlalo kunye neBhunga loPhando loBuntu laseCanada (SSHRC). Aba bafazi abaveli kwiklasi yentlalo esengozini kwaye abazange bathengiselwe eArgentina. Bangabakumgangatho ophakathi kwaye babenomsebenzi. Ebudeni bodliwano-ndlebe, baphinda bakukhanyela ngamandla ukuba babandakanyeka kubuhenyu. Ukusukela namhlanje, i-PROTEX ayibonelelanga naluphi na ubungqina bokuthengisa ngomzimba, kwaye ngenxa yoko naluphi na uhlobo lokuxhaphaza kwesi sikhokelo.
Kwingxelo enamaphepha angama-22 ebhalwe kakuhle epapashwe kwinkupho kaJulayi-Agasti ka Umbhalo weCESNUR, USusan Palmer ugxininise iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zempembelelo eyonakalisayo yokusebenza kwe-PROTEX kubomi bamahenyukazi acingelwayo kunye neepimps zabo ezicingelwayo kwi-BAYS.
Abantu ababanjiweyo batyholwa ngombutho wolwaphulo-mthetho, ukurhweba ngabantu, ukuxhaphaza ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhaphaza imali. Umthetho onguNombolo 26.842 woThintelo kunye nokohlwaywa kokuRhweba ngaBantu kunye noNcedo kumaxhoba.
Umthetho ochasene nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo
Kuze kube ngu-2012, olu hlobo lwezenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwalusohlwaywa nguMthetho 26.364 kodwa ngomhla we-19 kaDisemba 2012, lo mthetho walungiswa ngendlela yokuba uvule umnyango wokutolikwa kwempikiswano kunye nokuphunyezwa. Ngoku ichongiwe njenge Umthetho 26.842.
Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwezimali kokuthengisa ngomzimba ngabantu besithathu ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kufuneka kutshutshiswe ezinkundleni njengoko amaxhoba idla ngokuba ngabasetyhini basekuhlaleni abahluphekayo, iimbacu ezibhinqileyo, okanye amabhinqa angeniswa kwamanye amazwe ngeenjongo zokuthengisa ngomzimba. Abanye bayakwamkela ukugqalwa njengamaxhoba. Abanye abakwenzi oko. Kolu didi lwesibini, amabhinqa amaninzi athi ukuthengisa ngomzimba lukhetho lwabo ngenxa yokuba boyika impindezelo evela kwipimp okanye i-mafia ring abaxhomekeke kuyo. Ngoko ke banokuthathwa njengamaxhoba naziinkundla eziphethe uphando, nangona bezikhanyela.
Amanye amahenyukazi azimeleyo angadityaniswanga nawo nawuphi na uthungelwano nawo avakalisa ukuba lukhetho lokwenyani kwaye abangomaxhoba. Kulapha ke apho ukutolikwa kunye nokusetyenziswa koMthetho 26.842 kube yingxaki kakhulu kuba inkqubo yezomthetho ibathatha njengamaxhoba, nangona bekhanyela.
Okokugqibela, abanye abafazi abangazange babandakanyeke kukuthengisa ngomzimba babanjwe njengamaxhoba, ngokuchasene nentando yabo, yinkqubo yezobugqwetha ngenxa yophando kumbutho otyholwa ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo. Le yimeko yabasetyhini abalithoba abaye bafunda kwiSikolo seYoga saseBuenos Aires abakhanyela ngokukrakra nawuphi na umsebenzi wokuthengisa ngomzimba ebomini babo.
I-Abolitionism, ingcamango "yomfazi" ethandabuzekayo
Iimbono ezimbini zezopolitiko, ukupheliswa kunye neendawo zokuhlala, zixabene nomba wokuthengisa ngomzimba.
Ngokubhekiselele kumthetho wokuthengisa ngomzimba, ukupheliswa kwesikolo sisikolo sokucinga esijolise ekupheliseni ukuthengisa ngomzimba kwaye sikhaba zonke iindlela zokuhlalisa ezigunyazisa oko. Abaxhasi bazo zombini iindlela bayavumelana malunga nokunyanzeliswa kokuthengisa ngomzimba, kodwa ukupheliswa ngoku kuthathela ingqalelo "bonke" oonongogo njengamaxhoba enkqubo ebaxhaphazayo ngenxa yokuba semngciphekweni kwabo. Olu luvo malunga namaxhoba kunye nemeko yabo yokuba sesichengeni yamkelwe yiPROTEX.
Eyona njongo yakuqala yombutho wokubhangisa yayikukuchasa ukuhlaliswa nokulawulwa kokuthengisa ngomzimba, nto leyo phakathi kwezinye izinto ebeke ulawulo lwezonyango namapolisa kumahenyukazi.
Ukuhlaliswa kunye nokulawulwa kokuthengisa ngomzimba ngokwenene kwafikelela ekusekweni kokuthengisa ngomzimba kunye nokugunyaziswa kokuthengwa kwempahla. Njengoko intshukumo ye-neo-abolitionist, enombono ogqwesileyo ngakumbi kunowokubhangisa kwasekuqaleni, yaqinisekisa ukuba ezona ndlela zinganyamezelekiyo zobundlobongela obuhamba nokurhweba kunye nokuthengisa ngomzimba ngenkani zinxulunyaniswa nokungohlwaywa kwabathengi, injongo yabo kukuthintela zonke iindlela zokuxhaphaza. ukuthengisa ngomzimba naphi na apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenzeke.
Inyathelo elilandelayo yaba kukwandisa umda weendawo “ezigunyazisiweyo ngokungekho sikweni” apho ubunongogo bunokusetyenziswa khona ngamakhonkco olwaphulo-mthetho, “njengeesaunas,” “iindawo zentselo,” “iiklabhu zewhisky,” “iiklabhu zasebusuku,” “iiklabhu zeyoga,” njl. , ekwakusithiwa zikhuthazwa ngaphandle kokuphathwa kakubi kumajelo eendaba nakwindawo kawonke-wonke. IOfisi yoMtshutshisi woluNtu ikhuthaze ukwamkelwa kwamanyathelo ajolise ekutyhileni isigqubuthelo sezi “zindlu zonyamezelo,” eziyindawo yenkqubo yokurhweba ngenjongo yokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo, nezixhamla ukuvunywa okusemthethweni okutyholwa ngokungekho mthethweni nokungafanelekanga.
Le ndlela ibonelela ngomnyango ovulekileyo wokurhanelwa ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo kumaqela omoya afana neBAYS.
Ukukhukuliseka kwe-PROTEX malunga nomba wokuxhatshazwa
Ukuphunyezwa okuphikisanayo koMthetho ophikisanayo we-26.842 kunye nokusasazwa kwayo kunye ne-intellectual elite kunye nejaji e-Argentina yagxekwa nguMarisa S. Tarantino kwincwadi eyapapashwa kwi-2021 phantsi kwesihloko esithi "Ni víctimas ni criminales: trabajadores sexes. Una crítica feminista a las políticas contra la trata de personas y la prostitución” (Kungamaxhoba okanye abaphuli-mthetho: Abasebenzi ngesondo. I-Feminist Critique yemigaqo-nkqubo yokuChasa ukuRhweba kunye nokuChasa ubuhenyukazi; Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica de Argentina).
UMarisa Tarantino nguMtshutshisi wezoMthetho we-Ofisi yeGqwetha Jikelele yeSizwe kwaye wayenguNobhala we-Federal Criminal and Correctional Prosecutor's Office No. 2 ye-Federal Capital. Uyingcali kuLawulo lwezoBulungisa (i-Universidad de Buenos Aires/iYunivesithi yaseBuenos Aires) kunye noMthetho woLwaphulo-mthetho (i-Universidad de Palermo/ iYunivesithi yasePalermo). Njengoko ethathe inxaxheba kwiindibano zocweyo eziququzelelwe yiPROTEX, uluvo lwakhe lubaluleke ngakumbi. Ngamafutshane, ezi zimbalwa zeziphumo zakhe:
- "I-UFASE-PROTEX-eyayiyenye yee-arhente ezidityaniswe ngamandla kwi-International Organisation for Migration ukujongana nalo mbandela-yayinikezelwe ngokukodwa kumsebenzi wokusasaza i-neo-abolitionist i-neo-abolitionist, ukuyibonisa njenge-paradigm echanekileyo yokujongana namatyala. yokurhweba kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo. Oku kubonakaliswe kulungiselelo lwezifundo ezininzi zoqeqesho kunye neendibano zocweyo, imathiriyeli yokusasaza, 'iiprothokholi ezigqwesileyo,' kunye nakwimveliso yezemfundo. Konke oku kwaba nefuthe elimandla kumaziko ahlukeneyo kwilizwe lonke” (iphe. 194).
- "Ngoko ke, ukubandakanywa kwalo mbono wesini, owakhiwe kwi-postulates eziphambili ze-neo-abolitionist, zenze ukuba kube lula (ukuphinda) ukutolika iindlela ezahlukeneyo zombutho kunye notshintshiselwano lweenkonzo zesondo ngokweengxabano zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye, ngokuchanekileyo, kwi imiqathango yokurhweba” (iphe. 195).
Lo ngumxholo oveliswe zizihlomelo zowama-2012 kumthetho wokurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuthengisa ngomzimba ngamakhonkco olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuvuma kwePROTEX imodeli yeniyo-abolitionist yezopolitiko (mis) esetyenziselwe ukuthethelela ukongamela iBAYS.
Ngaphandle kwemodeli yezopolitiko, i-PROTEX ifumene umlingani kumntu we-anti-cultist u-Pablo Salum owadubula zonke iintolo zakhe kwiinkolo ezingezizo ezenkcubeko okanye amaqela eenkolelo e-Argentina, kuquka nehlabathi elihloniphekileyo. I-NGO ye-Evangelical enamaziko angama-38 asanda kugqogqa ngezityholo zokurhweba ngabantu ngokungekho mthethweni.
Unxantathu wedemoni kwityala le-BAYS: imbono yezopolitiko, ukwenziwa kwamaxhoba obuxoki, isibini sePROTEX kunye noSalum.
I-BAYS lixhoba lemodeli yezopolitiko, umyili wayo wenkundla u-PROTEX, kunye no-anti-cultist uPablo Salum.
USalum, owayehlala nezizalwane ezazisenza i-yoga e-BAYS de wafikisa, wafika “nexabiso elongezelelekileyo” kwingxoxo-mpikiswano. Utyhole iBAYS ngokuba “lihlelo,” elilawula kwaye liwahlambulula amabhinqa ukuba abandakanyeke kukuthengisa ngomzimba ngenjongo yokuzixhasa ngemali. Isikhundla sakhe sathuthuzelwa amaza amaninzi eengxelo zamajelo eendaba, eyaphinda yavelisa izityholo zakhe ngaphandle kokutshekishwa, Le yindlela iBAYS eyaba ngayo "ihlelo elihlasimlisayo" eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe.
Iingxelo ezininzi zabaphandi bamanye amazwe zibonise ukuba uSalum wasasazeka iingcinga kunye nobuxoki malunga ne-BAYS kunye neentshukumo ezintsha zonqulo ukutsala umdla wamajelo eendaba kumntu wakhe.
Ezinye iinkokeli zePROTEX zithe ngokungenabulumko zaqalisa ukwenza ubuhlobo noSalum, abambona njengethuba lokuphanda nokutshutshisa amaqela amatsha ngezityholo zokurhweba ngabantu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuthengisa ngomzimba.
Kwelinye icala, ngokutsho kwe-PROTEX, abantu abasetyenziselwa ukuthengisa ngomzimba bangamaxhoba okwenene ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa kobuthathaka babo, nokuba bayayikhanyela kabukhali loo nto. Kwelinye icala, ngokukaSalum, amahlelo afumana isiphumo esifanayo ngokuhlambulula iingqondo zamalungu awo nokusebenzisa ubuthathaka bawo. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kobuthathaka ngokwe-PROTEX kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kobuthathaka ngokwe-anti-cultist Salum ngoko kukhokelela kwisiphumo esifanayo: ukudalwa kwabantu ababizwa ngokuba ngamaxhoba abangazi ukuba ngamaxhoba kwaye bayakuphika.
Oku kuchaza umgibe apho i-BAYS kunye nabasetyhini abasithoba abachazwe yi-PROTEX njengamaxhoba angaziwayo okuthengisa ngomzimba nguthungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Uphuma njani kulo mgibe? IArgentina ihlala iyidemokhrasi kwaye ubulungisa yeyona ndlela yokuphuma. Iqela lamaKristu "Cómo vivir por fe" iphumelele ityala layo ngokuchasene ne-PROTEX ngoNovemba ka-2022 emva kogqogqo olwaphenjelelwa nguPablo Salum kunye nezityholo zokuxhaphaza kunye nokurhweba ngamalungu. Inkundla yamgxeka uSalum “ngokuqeqesha” kwaye wasebenzisa ingqina eliphambili.
Kwimeko yeBAYS, ukuhlamba ingqondo yintelekelelo egxekwa njengengcinga engekhoyo ngabaphengululi kwizifundo zonqulo. Ngokuphathelele abamangali ababhinqileyo abalithoba iinkundla kuya kufuneka ziqaphele ukuba abukho ubungqina bokuthengiswa kweenkonzo zesondo.
Ubuqhetseba be-PROTEX kunye ne-Co. kutshanje bagxekwa yi-CAP/Liberté de Conscience, i-NGO enesimo se-ECOSOC, Iseshoni yama-53 yeBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu lwe-UN eGeneva.
I-PROTEX kunye nenkundla yezomthetho e-Argentina iya kwenza kakuhle ukuthobela esi silumkiso ngaphambi kokulahlekelwa ubuso phambi koluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lwamalungelo abantu xa isiporho sobuhenyu iyanyamalala kwimeko yeBAYS.
