Ngokulindela uSuku lweHlabathi lweMpilo yengqondo, uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) kunye ne-Ofisi yoMkomishinala oPhakamileyo wamaLungelo oLuntu (OHCHR) baye badibanisa namhlanje isikhokelo esinesihloko esithi "Isikhokelo kunye nokuSebenza kwiMpilo yengqondo, amaLungelo oLuntu kunye noMthetho.” Injongo kukuxhasa amazwe kwi ukuhlaziya imithetho yabo ukuze kupheliswe ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu kunye nokuphucula ukufikelela kukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo esemgangathweni.
Ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nezenzo zokunyanzelisa kwi-Psychiatry
Iziganeko zokuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nezenzo ezinyanzelisayo kwinkalo yokhathalelo lwempilo ziqhubeka kwihlabathi jikelele zihlala zixhaswa yimithetho ekhoyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo. Ezi ziquka ukulaliswa esibhedlele kunye unyango lweemeko zokuphila ezingekho mgangathwenikunye nomzimba, Ukuphathwa kakubi ngokwasengqondweni nangokweemvakalelo kuxhaphakile kwiinkonzo ezininzi zempilo yengqondo.
Nangona amazwe amaninzi enze iinzame zokuhlaziya imithetho, imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkonzo zabo ukususela ekuphunyezweni kweNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo abantu abaKhubazekileyo kwi-2006 kuphela inani elilinganiselweyo eliye lathatha amanyathelo okulungisa umthetho ofanelekileyo kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo. Oku kuyafuneka ukuze kupheliswe ezi mpatho gadalala nokukhuthaza amalungelo kukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo.
UGqr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, uMlawuli Jikelele we-WHO ugxininisa ukuba “Impilo yengqondo licandelo elingenakwahlulwa kwilungelo lempilo. "
Ukwathetha ukuba oku izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo iya kwenza amazwe enze utshintsho ukuze abonelele ngokhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo olukumgangatho ophezulu okhuthaza ukuchacha kwabantu nokuhlonela isidima sabo. Oku kuxhobisa abantu abaneemeko zempilo kunye nokukhubazeka ngokwasengqondweni ukuba baphile ubomi obanelisayo nobunempilo phakathi koluntu lwabo.
Volker Türk, UMkomishinala oPhakamileyo weZizwe eziManyeneyo wamaLungelo oLuntu ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuguqula iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo kungekhona nje ngokufikelela kwabo kodwa nakwiimilinganiselo zabo ezisisiseko eziqinisekisa ukuba zihambelana ngokwenene neemfuno kunye nesidima somntu ngamnye. Uthi olu papasho lunika isikhokelo malunga nendlela esekelwe kumalungelo enokuthi iququzelele inguqu efunekayo kwiinkqubo zempilo.
Ukukhuthaza uKhathalelo lweMpilo yeNgqondo olusebenzayo olusekwe eluntwini
Uninzi lwenkcitho karhulumente kwimpilo yengqondo yabelwe izibhedlele zengqondo, ngakumbi kumazwe anengeniso ephezulu athatha i-43% yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Nangona kunjalo, ubungqina bubonisa ukuba iinkonzo zokhathalelo olusekelwe kuluntu azifikeleleki nje kuphela kodwa zixabisa kakhulu kwaye zisebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa nemizekelo yeziko yokhathalelo lwengqondo.
Isikhokelo sichaza amanyathelo okukhawulezisa inkqubo yokukhutshwa kweziko kunye nokuseka indlela ejoliswe kuluntu ekunakekeleni impilo yengqondo esekelwe kwimigaqo yamalungelo oluntu. Oku kuquka ukuphumeza umthetho othi ngokuthe ngcembe uthabathe indawo yamaziko ngeenkqubo zenkxaso ezibandakanya uluntu kunye neenkonzo eziqhelekileyo, njengenkxaso yengeniso, uncedo lwezindlu kunye nothungelwano lwenkxaso yoontanga.
Ukuphelisa Imikhwa Yokuxhaphaza
Ngokwabathathi-nxaxheba bomsitho wokuphehlelelwa kunye nabo bonke abo bathathe inxaxheba kwizikhokelo, kubalulekile ukuphelisa. izenzo ezinyanzelisayo kwimpilo yengqondo. Ezi zenzo, njengokuvalelwa kunye nonyango olunyanzelweyo, ukubekelwa bucala kunye nezithintelo, zinyhasha ilungelo labantu lokwenza izigqibo ezizizo malunga nokhathalelo lwabo lwezempilo kunye nonyango abalukhethayo.
Ngaphezu koko, kukho ubungqina obandayo obubonisa imiphumo yezi zenzo zokunyanzeliswa kokubini emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Bazenza mandundu iimeko ezikhoyo kwaye bahlukanise abantu kwiinethiwekhi zabo zenkxaso.
Isikhokelo sicebisa ukubandakanya izibonelelo eziphelisa ukunyanzeliswa kwiinkonzo zempilo yengqondo. Igxininisa ukubaluleka kokuseka imvume enolwazi njengelitye lembombo lazo zonke iindlela zempilo yengqondo. Ukongeza, ibonelela ngeengcebiso malunga nendlela yokusingatha amatyala ngaphakathi kwesikhokelo somthetho kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ngaphandle kokubhenela kumanyathelo anyanzelisayo.
Ukwamkelwa kweNdlela eSekwe kuMalungelo kwiMpilo yeNgqondo
Ukuqaphela ukuba ukukhuthaza impilo kufikelela ngaphaya nje kwecandelo lokhathalelo lwempilo esi sikhokelo esitsha sijoliswe kumthetho kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo ababandakanyekayo ekuqulunqweni, ukulungisa nokuphumeza imithetho enxulumene nempilo yengqondo. Oku kuquka umthetho oshukuxa imiba efana nentlupheko, ukungalingani nocalucalulo.
Isikhokelo sikwabandakanya uluhlu lokukhangela amazwe ukuba ahlole ukuba umthetho wawo onxulumene nempilo uyahambelana na, kunye nezibophelelo zamalungelo oluntu amazwe ngamazwe. Ngaphaya koko, iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kokufuna iingcebiso kubantu abanamava kunye nemibutho ebameleyo njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo. Ikwagxininisa ukubaluleka kwemfundo nokwazisa abantu ngemiba enxulumene namalungelo.
Ngelixa isikhokelo sicebisa isethi yemigaqo kunye nezibonelelo ezinokusebenza njengesikhokelo sowiso-mthetho siyayiqonda into yokuba amazwe anokuguquguquka nokuziqhelanisa nawo ngokweemeko zawo ezithile. Oku kuquka ukuqwalaselwa kwemiba enjengomxholo, iilwimi, uvakalelo lwenkcubeko, iinkqubo zomthetho nokunye—ngaxeshanye kuphakanyiswa imigangatho yamalungelo oluntu.
Ngomhla we-10 kweyeDwarha uMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) uzimanye noluntu ekuqwalaseleni uSuku lweHlabathi lweMpilo yeNgqondo ngowama-2023 phantsi komxholo othi “Impilo yengqondo lilungelo elisisiseko, kumntu wonke.”
Uluhlu olukhulu nolubalulekileyo lweMibulelo
Uphuhliso kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwesi Sikhokelo kwakukhokelwa nguMichelle Funk kunye noNatalie Drew Bold phantsi kolawulo lulonke luka-Dévora Kestel ovela kwiSebe lezeMpilo yengqondo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweZiyobisi kuMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) ngokubambisana neCandelo lezoQoqosho, iNtlalo kunye neNkcubeko. yeOfisi yoMkomishinala oPhakamileyo weZizwe eziManyeneyo wamaLungelo oLuntu (OHCHR). Iqela elibhalayo Olu papasho lubhalwe ngokudibeneyo yi-WHO kunye ne-OHCHR. Egameni le-WHO Alberto Vásquez Encalada (Umcebisi, eSwitzerland), uMichelle Funk (iSebe lezeMpilo yengqondo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweSiyobisi, i-WHO) kunye noNatalie Drew Bold (iSebe lezeMpilo yengqondo kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweziyobisi, WHO). Egameni le-OHCHR Abasebenzi beCandelo lezoQoqosho, iNtlalo kunye neNkcubeko. WHO and OHCHR would like to thank the following individuals and organizations for their valuable contributions, feedback and inputs: External contributors and reviewers Natalie Abrokwa (University of Groningen, Kingdom of the Netherlands), Nazish Arman (Shuchona Foundation, Bangladesh), Peter Bartlett (Centre for Mental Health and Human Rights, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham University/WHO Collaborating Centre on Mental Health, Disability and Human Rights, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), Shreya Bhardwaj (Charles University, Czech Republic), Valerie Bichelmeier (Make Mothers Matter, France), Joann Bond (Attorney General’s Chambers and the Ministry of Legal Affairs, Guyana), Mauro Giovanni Carta (University of Cagliari, Italy), Francesca Centola (Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Pyali Chatterjee (ICFAI University, India), Dixon Chibanda, (Friendship Bench and University of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe), María Soledad Cisternas (former Special Envoy of the United Nations Secretary-General on Disability and Accessibility, Chile), Lee Allison Clark (Native Women’s Association of Canada, Canada), Jarrod Clyne (International Disability Alliance, Switzerland), Ria Mohammed-Davidson (Attorney at Law, Human Rights and Mental Health, Trinidad and Tobago), Maria de Lourdes Beldi de Alcântara (Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil), Eric Diaz Mella (Centro de Reorganimación Regional y Observatorio Social, Chile), Robert Dinerstein (American University Washington College of Law, the United States of America), Zuzana Durajová (Charles University, Czech Republic), Julian Eaton (CBM Global, the United Kingdom), Elisabetta Pascolo Fabrici (Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI)/WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health, Italy), Alexandra Finch (Georgetown University, the United States), Leon Garcia (Centro and Hospital das Clínicas, Brazil), Neeraj Gill (Griffith University, Australia), Guilherme Gonçalves Duarte (Permanent Mission of Portugal in Geneva, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Portugal), Piers Gooding (La Trobe Law School, Australia), Lawrence Gostin (O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law at Georgetown University Law Center, Georgetown University/WHO Collaborating Center for National and Global Health Law, the United States), Kristijan Grđan (Association for Psychological Support Croatia, Croatia, and Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Vivian Hemmelder (Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Edgar Hilario (Department of Health, Philippines), Torsten Hjelmar (Citizens Commission on Human Rights Europe, Denmark), Mushegh Hovsepyan (Disability Rights Agenda, Armenia), Dr Irmansyah (The National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia), Simon Njuguna Kahonge (Ministry of Health, Kenya), Olga Kalina (Georgian Network of (Ex)Users and Survivors of Psychiatry, Georgia, and the European Network of (Ex)Users and Survivors of Psychiatry (ENUSP), Denmark), Elizabeth Kamundia (Kenya National Commission on Human Rights, Kenya), Sylvester Katontoka (Mental Health Users Network of Zambia, Zambia), Brendan Kelly (Trinity College Dublin, Ireland), Hansuk Kim (Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea), Seongsu Kim (Dawon Mental Health Clinic, Republic of Korea), Bernard Kuria (Ministry of Health, Kenya), Karilė Levickaitė (NGO Mental Health Perspectives, Lithuania, and Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Carlos Augusto de Mendonça Lima (World Psychiatric Association Section of Old Age Psychiatry, Switzerland), Laura Marchetti (Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Claudia Marinetti (Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Nemache Mawere (Ingutsheni Central Hospital, Zimbabwe), Felicia Mburu (Article 48 Initiative, Kenya), Roberto Mezzina (International Mental Health Collaborating Network and World Federation for Mental Health, Italy), Kendra Milne (Health Justice, Canada), Angelica Chiketa Mkorongo (Zimbabwe Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Trust, Zimbabwe), Guadalupe Morales Cano (Fundación Mundo Bipolar and European Network of (Ex)Users and Survivors of Psychiatry, Spain), Fabian Musoro (Ministry of Health, Zimbabwe), Macharia Njoroge (Championing for Community Inclusion in Kenya, Kenya), Nasri Omar (Ministry of Health, Kenya), Cheluchi Onyemelukwe-Onuobia (Babcock University, Nigeria), Hazel Othello (Ministry of Health, Trinidad and Tobago), Gemma Parojinog (Commission on Human Rights, Philippines), Soumitra Pathare (Indian Law Society, India), Eduardo Pinto da Silva (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Portugal), Gerard Quinn (UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Ireland), Carlos Rios-Espinosa (Human Rights Watch, the United States), Gabriele Rocca (World Association for Psychosocial Rehabilitation and WAPR Human Rights Committee, Italy), Jean-Luc Roelandt (Service de recherche et de formation en santé mentale, Etablissement Public de Santé Mentale (EPSM) Lille Métropole/Centre collaborateur de l’OMS pour la Recherche et la Formation en Santé mentale, France), Marta Rondon (Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal, Peru), Artur Sakunts (Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly – HCA Vanadzor, Armenia), San San Oo (Aung Clinic Mental Health Initiative, Myanmar), Liuska Sanna (Mental Health Europe, Belgium), Josep Maria Solé Chavero (Support-Girona Catalonia, Spain), Slađana Štrkalj Ivezić (University Psychiatric Hospital Vrapče, Croatia), Charlene Sunkel (Global Mental Health Peer Network, South Africa), Kate Swaffer (Dementia Alliance International, Australia), Bliss Christian Takyi (St.
