Ivalwe eluntwini ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka, uZeyrek Çinili Hamam omangalisayo waphinda watyhila imimangaliso yakhe kwihlabathi.
Ifumaneka kwisithili sase-Istanbul seZeyrek, kwicala laseYurophu leBosphorus, kufutshane nesithili sembali saseFatih, indlu yokuhlambela yakhiwa ngo-1530 nguMimar Sinan – umyili oyintloko weesultan ezidumileyo zaseOttoman ezifana noSuleiman oMkhulu.
“I-Chinili” ithetha “igqunywe ngeethayile” ngesiTurkey, eqaqambisa eyona nkalo imangalisayo yoyilo lwangaphakathi lwe-hammam – yayikhe yagqunywa ngamawaka eethayile ze-nikk ezibhlowu eziqaqambileyo.
Ivulwe kangangeenkulungwane ezintlanu, isebenzela uluntu ikakhulu njenge hammam kodwa ngokufutshane njengendawo yokugcina izinto ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1700, ihammam yayikwimeko yokonakala de yavalwa ngo-2010.
Iindonga zayo zigqunywe ngundo kwaye iithayile ziphantse zanyamalala. I-hammam yavulwa okwethutyana ngo-2022 kwi-Istanbul Biennale, kodwa ngoku sele iza kuthatha ubomi obutsha.
Emva kweminyaka eyi-13 yokulibala, uChinili Hammam wamkela iindwendwe kwakhona: okokuqala njengendawo yokubonisa, emva koko, ukususela ngoMatshi 2024, njengendawo yokuhlambela kawonkewonke enamacandelo ahlukeneyo amadoda nabasetyhini.
Kanye nokufumana ukunyuswa kobuso ngokupheleleyo, i-hammam iya kufumana indawo yobugcisa bexesha langoku phantsi kweendonga zequla laseByzantium elakha lakhupha amanzi kwiimpompo zalo zobhedu, imyuziyam entsha ebonisa imbali yesakhiwo kunye negadi egcwele i-laurel. izityalo, ubhala CNN.
Olu lubuyiselo lwembali lwesibini olukhulu yinkampani yezindlu nezindlu Iqela leMarmara, elathenga isakhiwo ngo-2010.
Ukutyhila ixesha elidlulileyo
“Xa sasithenga ihammam, sasingazi nembali yayo. Kodwa eZeyrek, naphi na apho umba khona, ufumana into, ”utshilo uKoza Yazgan, umlawuli woyilo weprojekthi.
“Kwicandelo lamadoda sifumene iithayile ezinoxande, ezohlukileyo kweziqhelekileyo zinehexagonal. Zaziseludongeni yaye zazibhalwe umbongo ngesiFarsi, ithayile ngalinye linendinyana eyahlukileyo. Saziguqulela, sazifunda kwaye safumanisa ukuba zazilahlekile ngaxa lithile – zazingekho apho uSinan wayezibeke khona ekuqaleni,” uyongezelela.
Ukwakhiwa kwehammam okokuqala, iindonga zazigqunywe ngeethayile ezimalunga ne-10,000, kodwa bambalwa abasindileyo. Ezinye zalahleka, ezinye zebiwa, yaye ezinye zonakaliswa yimililo neenyikima. Iithayile zada zathengiswa kwiimyuziyam zangaphandle ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 - iQela leMarmara lilandelele uninzi lwazo kwingqokelela yabucala ekude kunye namaziko enkcubeko, kubandakanya iV&A eLondon.
Iqela labembi bezinto zakudala kunye nababhali-mbali kwi-hammam libanceda bachonge kanye apho iithayile zabo zavela khona. Ngokuphathelele iithayile zaseFarsi ezingaqondakaliyo, uYazgan uyaqhubeka: “Sigqibe kwelokuba singazishiyi apho sizifumene khona, kodwa sizibonise kwimyuziyam.”
Iyilwe yifemu yaseJamani i-Atelier Brüeckner, iiprojekthi zayo zangaphambili zibandakanya iMyuziyam yaseJiputa ekudala ilindelwe eCairo kunye neLouvre e-Abu Dhabi, iMyuziyam yaseChinili Hammam iya kubonisa ezinye zezinto zobugcisa zaseRoma, iOttoman kunye neByzantine ezafunyanwa ngexesha lokubuyiselwa kweHammam. iingqekembe kwigraffiti engaqhelekanga kwiinqanawa zangaphandle.
Iindwendwe ziya kukwazi ukujonga izinto ezininzi ezisetyenziswa ngabatyeleli kwindawo yokuhlambela kwixesha elidlulileyo, kubandakanywa ne-sparkling mother-of-pearl clogs ebizwa ngokuba yi-nalin.
Umgangatho opheleleyo wemyuziyam uya kunikezelwa kwiithayile ze-iznik ezimangalisayo - umboniso we-futuristic augmented reality uya kuthutha abatyeleli ukuya kwindlu yokuhlambela yexesha likaMimar Sinan, egqume iindonga ezimhlophe ngokukhazimla kwazo okuluhlaza.
Ngumzamo onomtsalane wokwakha kwakhona into ekudala ihambile, kodwa uYazgan uyayibona iyimfuneko. “Ngenxa yendlela esitshintshe ngayo isixeko kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo, ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukukhusela ezi ndawo ziyimbali. Ngaphandle koko, bonke baya kulahleka,” utshilo.
Ubuhle obungenaxesha
Nangona izakhiwo zayo zamaplanga ezinemigangatho emininzi ekuqaleni zavela malunga nobutyebi benkulungwane ye-12 yePantokrator, namhlanje iZeyrek yindawo yabasebenzi.
Amaziko obomi angqonge iziqholo kunye neemarike zenyama, ngelixa ivumba elimnandi le-perde pilavı yasekhaya (inkukhu, idiliya kunye nesitya serayisi esisuka eMpuma Turkey) iphuma kwiivenkile zokutyela.
Nangona iyinxalenye yendawo ebhalwe yi-UNESCO ye-Istanbul, iZeyrek ayifani nesithili saseHagia Sophia, ikhaya likaHagia Sophia, iBlue Mosque kunye neTopkapi Palace. Abakhenkethi bangaphandle banqabile kakhulu apha.
Izitrato zommandla zingxola kakhulu, kwaye i-hammam enendawo engaphezu kwama-2,800 square metres inika ukuphunyuka ngokuthula kubo.
I-Kem göz (iliso elibi) ijinga kumnyango wangaphambili, iqinisekisa ukuba yonke imimoya ekhohlakeleyo iyaphuma. Kanye njengokuba kwakunjalo kwiminyaka engama-500 eyadlulayo, ucango lom-oki lunzima kwaye lungqindilili – kodwa lutsha kangangokuba lusenalo nevumba le-sarha.
Emva kokuwela umda, isivakashi sidlula kumagumbi amathathu - inkqubo eqhelekileyo yazo zonke iibhafu zaseTurkey. Eyokuqala yinto "ebandayo" (okanye ngokuchanekileyo ngeqondo lokushisa kwegumbi), apho iindwendwe ziphumla. Ukuphumla kwi-sofas kunye nekhofi eshushu okanye itiye kunconywa.
Okulandelayo ligumbi elishushu - indawo eyomileyo apho umzimba uqhelana namaqondo obushushu amalunga nama-30 ngokukaCelsius. Igumbi lokugqibela yi-haaret yomphunga, ifudunyezwe ukuya kuma-50 degrees Celsius.
“Yindawo yokuhlanjululwa – ngokwasemoyeni nasenyameni. Ukusinda iyure kwizinto zasemhlabeni,” utsho uYazgan. Abasebenzi abanxibe iimpahla bahlamba kwaye baphulule abathengi babo kule ndawo.
Ulwazi lwe-Ottoman kunye nobuncinci obungenasici budibana eChinili Hammam ukwenza eyona ndawo yokuphumla.
Iinkwenkwezi zeglasi kwiisilingi ezilawulwayo zivumela ukukhanya okwaneleyo kwendalo ukuba kungene, kodwa kungekhona ukucaphukisa amehlo. Iinkcukacha zangaphambili ze-Ottoman zivuselela ingqondo, kodwa ungaphazamisi umoya wokuzola.
Ubomi obutsha
Ekuqaleni, ngelixa iibhafu ze-hammam zisamile, i-Chinili iya kubamba umboniso wezobugcisa bexesha elinye kunye nemisebenzi ekhethekileyo enikezelwe kwimixholo yentshabalalo, imbali kunye nokuphilisa - amagama amathathu ashwankathela imbali yale ndawo.
Emva kokuba umboniso uphelile ngoMatshi 2024, iibhafu ziya kuzaliswa ngamanzi kwaye zibuyiselwe kumsebenzi wazo wokuqala. U-Yazgan uthi i-hammam iya kuphinda ngokuchanekileyo izithethe zokuhlamba zase-Ottoman.
Esikhundleni se-massage yaseSweden kunye neoyile enevumba elimnandi, kuya kubakho amagumbi ashushu namanzi, unyango lwe-chiropractic eyahlukeneyo kunye ne-bubble massages.
Nangona kunjalo, u-Yazgan ugxininisa into eya kwenza uCinili ahluke kwiihammam zendabuko eTurkey.
Ngokwesiqhelo kwiihammam, uyilo lwecandelo lamadoda luphezulu kwaye lucokiseke ngakumbi. Baneesilingi eziphakamileyo kunye neethayile. Kodwa apha kuya kubakho iintsuku ezijikelezayo kwicandelo ngalinye ukuze wonke umntu onwabele ubuhle bebhafu, kungakhathaliseki ukuba sisiphi isini.”
I-microcosm ye-Istanbul
IQela leMarmara likholelwa ukuba i-hammam esandula ukubuyiselwa inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo amandla obumelwane, isebenzisa iziza zayo zembali eziphantsi ukuguqula iZeyrek ibe yindawo yokhenketho lwenkcubeko.
UYazgan uthi: “Siceba ukwenza 'imephu yeZeyrek' ebonisa apho iindwendwe ze-hammam zinokundwendwela ezinye iindawo ezinomtsalane kwindawo leyo okanye zitye kwindawo eyimbali.
Zininzi iziza ezinokuthi zindwendwelwe kule ndawo: iMosque yaseZeyrek, iAqueduct yaseRoma yaseValens kunye neBaroque Süleymaniye Mosque ingaphakathi kohambo lwemizuzu eyi-15.
Kwaye ngelixa ukwanda kwamanani abatyeleli kunokubeka ummelwane emngciphekweni wokhenketho olugqithileyo, i-hammam inamandla okujoyina i-Istanbul ipotifoliyo ehlala ikhula yeendawo zenkcubeko eziphawulekayo: apho umntu anokuzintywilisela kwixesha elidlulileyo lesixeko, ethatha inxaxheba kwisithethe esidala.
“Ngemyuziyam, amagumbi okuphumla kunye nezinto zakudala, i-hammam ifana ne-microcosm yase-Istanbul,” utshilo u-Yazgan.
Ifoto: zeyrekcinilihamam.com
