Umzobo weminwe woMntu kwiigesi zeGreenhouse

Iigesi zegreenhouse zenzeka ngokwendalo kwaye zibalulekile kubomi babantu kunye nezigidi zezinye izinto eziphilayo, ngokugcina ubushushu belanga bungabonakali bubuyela emajukujukwini nokwenza uMhlaba uphile. Kodwa emva kwesithuba esingaphezu kwenkulungwane enesiqingatha sokuqhambuka kwemizi-mveliso, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokulima ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, izixa zeegesi ze<em>greenhouse ezikwiatmosfera ziye zanda zaya kutsho kumlinganiselo ongazange ubonwe kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezithathu. Njengoko amanani abantu, uqoqosho kunye nemigangatho yokuphila ikhula, ngokunjalo nenqanaba lokunyuka kwegesi yobushushu (GHGs) ekhutshwayo.

Kukho amakhonkco enzululwazi asisiseko asekwe kakuhle:

• Ukuxinana kweegesi zegreenhouse kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba kunxulunyaniswa ngokuthe ngqo nomndilili wobushushu behlabathi eMhlabeni;
• Ugxininiso belukhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye luthetha amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kunye nalo, ukusukela ngexesha leRevolution Revolution;
• Eyona GHG ininzi, ibalelwa malunga nesibini kwisithathu se-GHGs, ikharbon diokside (CO).₂), ubukhulu becala yimveliso yezibaso ezivuthayo.

IPhaneli yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kooRhulumente kuTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC)

IPhaneli yoRhulumente kwiMozulu Change (IPCC) yasekwa yi Umbutho weMeteorological weHlabathi (WMO) kwaye Indalo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ukubonelela ngomthombo onenjongo yolwazi lwenzululwazi.

Ingxelo yoVavanyo lweSithandathu

INgxelo yeSithandathu yoVavanyo lwe-IPCC, eza kukhutshwa ngoMatshi ka-2023, inika isishwankathelo semeko yolwazi ngenzululwazi yokutshintsha kwemozulu, igxininisa iziphumo ezitsha ukususela ekupapashweni kweNgxelo yoVavanyo lweSihlanu ngo-2014. Isekelwe kwiingxelo ze amaQela aSebenzayo amathathu e-IPCC – kwinzululwazi yendalo; iimpembelelo, ukuziqhelanisa nokuba sesichengeni; kunye nokuthomalalisa – ngokunjalo nakwiiNgxelo eziZodwa ezintathu Ukufudumala kweHlabathi yi-1.5°C, ku Ukutshintsha kweMozulu kunye noMhlaba, nakwifayile ye- Ulwandle kunye neCryosphere kwiMozulu eguqukayo.

Esikwaziyo ngokusekwe kwiingxelo ze-IPCC:

• Ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba impembelelo yomntu ifudumeze iatmosfera, ulwandle nomhlaba. Utshintsho olubanzi kunye olukhawulezayo kwi-atmosfera, ulwandle, i-cryosphere kunye ne-biosphere yenzeke.
• Ubungakanani botshintsho lwakutsha nje kwinkqubo yemozulu iyonke - kunye nemeko yangoku yeenkalo ezininzi zenkqubo yemozulu-ayinakwenzeka ngaphambili kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ukuya kumawaka amaninzi eminyaka.
• Utshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa ngabantu sele luchaphazela imozulu eninzi kunye nemozulu egqithileyo kuyo yonke imimandla yehlabathi. Ubungqina botshintsho oluphawulweyo kwiinguqu ezigqithisileyo ezifana namaza okushisa, imvula enkulu, imbalela, kunye nezitshingitshane zetropikhi, kwaye, ngokukodwa, ukubonakaliswa kwazo kwimpembelelo yomntu, kuye kwaqina ukususela kwiNgxelo yoVavanyo lwesihlanu.
• Malunga ne-3.3 ukuya kwi-3.6 yeebhiliyoni zabantu bahlala kwiimeko ezisengozini kakhulu yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
• Ukuba sesichengeni kwenkqubo yokuphilisana kwendalo kunye nabantu kutshintsho lwemozulu kwahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemimandla.
• Ukuba ubushushu behlabathi budlula okwethutyana ku-1.5°C kumashumi eminyaka ezayo okanye kamva, ngoko ke iinkqubo ezininzi zabantu nezendalo ziya kujongana nemingcipheko eyongezelelekileyo, xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlala ngaphantsi kwe-1.5°C.
• Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-GHG kulo lonke icandelo lamandla apheleleyo kufuna iinguqu ezinkulu, kubandakanywa ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kusetyenziso lwamafutha efosili ngokubanzi, ukusasazwa kwemithombo yamandla ekhutshwayo ephantsi, ukutshintshela kwezinye izithwali zamandla, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nolondolozo.

Ukufudumala kwehlabathihttps://europeantimes.news/environment/ubushushu be-1.5°C

Ngo-Oktobha 2018 IPCC ikhuphe a ingxelo ekhethekileyo kwiimpembelelo zokufudumala kwehlabathi kwi-1.5 ° C, ukufumanisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kwi-1.5 ° C kuya kufuna utshintsho olukhawulezayo, olufikelela kude nolungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kuzo zonke iinkalo zoluntu. Ngeenzuzo ezicacileyo kubantu kunye nendalo yendalo, ingxelo yafumanisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi kwi-1.5 ° C xa kuthelekiswa ne-2 ° C kunokuhamba kunye nokuqinisekisa uluntu oluzinzileyo nolunobulungisa. Ngelixa uqikelelo lwangaphambili lujolise ekuqikeleleni umonakalo ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphakathi anokunyuka nge-2°C, le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba uninzi lweempembelelo ezimbi zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziya kufika kuphawu lwe-1.5°C.

Ingxelo ikwaqaqambisa inani leempembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu ezinokuthi ziphetshwe ngokucutha ubushushu behlabathi bube yi-1.5ºC xa kuthelekiswa ne-2ºC, okanye ngaphezulu. Umzekelo, ngo-2100, ukunyuka komphakamo wolwandle kuya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-10 cm kunye nobushushu behlabathi obuyi-1.5°C xa kuthelekiswa ne-2°C. Amathuba okuba uLwandlekazi lweArctic lungabi namkhenkce wolwandle ehlotyeni inokuba kanye ngenkulungwane kunye nobushushu behlabathi obuyi-1.5°C, xa kuthelekiswa nokuba kube kanye kwishumi leminyaka kunye ne-2°C. Iingqaqa zekorale ziyakwehla nge-70-90 yepesenti ngobushushu behlabathi obuyi-1.5°C, ngelixa phantse zonke (> 99 pesenti) ziya kulahleka nge-2ºC.

Ingxelo ifumanisa ukuba ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kwi-1.5 ° C kuya kufuna utshintsho "olukhawulezayo nolufikelela kude" kumhlaba, amandla, ishishini, izakhiwo, ezothutho kunye nezixeko. Ukukhutshwa kwecarbon dioxide (CO2) emhlabeni wonke okubangwa ngumntu kuyakufuneka ukuba kwehle malunga nama-45 epesenti ukusuka kumanqanaba ka-2010 ngo-2030, ukufikelela 'ku-zero' malunga no-2050. Oku kuthetha ukuba nakuphi na ukukhutshwa okushiyekileyo kuya kufuneka ukuba kulinganiswe ngokususa i-CO2 kwi-COXNUMX umoya.

Izixhobo ezisemthethweni zeZizwe eziManyeneyo

INgqungquthela yeZikhokelo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga noTshintsho lweMozulu

Intsapho yeZizwe eziManyeneyo iphambili kumzamo wokusindisa umhlaba wethu. Ngo-1992, i-"Earth Summit" yayo yavelisa i INgqungquthela yeNkqubo-sikhokelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngoTshintsho lweMozulu (UNFCCC) njengenyathelo lokuqala lokujongana nengxaki yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Namhlanje, inamalungu asondeleyo-jikelele. Amazwe ali-197 athe avuma iSivumelwano ngamaQela eSivumelwano. Eyona njongo yeNgqungquthela kukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwabantu “okuyingozi” kwinkqubo yemozulu.

Umgaqo weKyoto

Ngo-1995, amazwe aqalisa uthethathethwano lokomeleza indlela yokusabela kwihlabathi kutshintsho lwemozulu, kwaye, kwiminyaka emibini kamva, amkela Umgaqo weKyoto. IProtocol yaseKyoto ibophelela ngokusemthethweni amaQela elizwe eliphuhlileyo kwiinjongo zonciphiso lokungcola. Ixesha lokuqala lokuzibophelela kweProtocol laqala ngo-2008 laphela ngo-2012. Ixesha lesibini lokuzibophelela laqala ngomhla woku-1 kuJanuwari 2013 laphela ngo-2020. Ngoku kukho amaQela ali-198 kwiNkomfa kunye namaQela ali-192 Umgaqo weKyoto

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