Ezi zakhiwo, zisasazeke kulo lonke elase-Iran, zazisebenza njengeefriji zamandulo
Kwiindawo ezingenamanzi zentlango yasePersi, kwafunyanwa ubugcisa bamandulo obumangalisayo nobukrelekrele, obaziwa ngokuba yi-yakhchāl, gama elo elithetha “umngxuma womkhenkce” ngesiPersi. I-Yakhchāl (isiPersi: کلکر; yakh ethetha “umkhenkce” kunye nethi chāl ethetha “umngxuma”) luhlobo lwamandulo lwesibanda esiba ngumphunga. Nge-400 BC, iinjineli zasePersi zazisele zinobuchule bokusebenzisa i-yakhchāl ukwenza umkhenkce ebusika kwaye uwugcine ehlotyeni entlango.
Ityhila indlela yookhokho bethu entsonkothileyo kwimveliso yomkhenkce kwaye ibuyele kwi400 BC. Ezi zakhiwo, zisasazwe kulo lonke elase-Iran, bezisebenza njengeefriji zamandulo, zisebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa eyilelwe ukugcina umkhenkce unyaka wonke. Izikhephe zazinemilo elawulayo eyahlukileyo eyayigcina indawo enkulu yokugcina engaphantsi komhlaba. Yakhelwe ngezinto ezishinyeneyo, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu, izikhephe zasebenzisa inkqubo yokupholisa engumphunga engaphezulu.
Ukusebenza ngokuhambelana nemozulu yendalo, umoya obandayo ungena nge-inlets kwisiseko, ngelixa i-conical design inceda ukukhupha ukushisa okuseleyo ngokusebenzisa izivulo eziphezulu. Inkqubo yokuveliswa komkhenkce yaqala ngamachibi angekho nzulu azaliswe ngobusuku ngemijelo yamanzi acocekileyo. Ekhuselwe kwimitha yelanga ngeendonga ezinomthunzi, amachibi ayeba ngumkhenkce ngobusuku basebusika.
Umkhenkce oqokelelweyo wagqithiselwa kwi-yahchal eyenziwe ngezinto zasekhaya ezifana ne-adobe, udongwe, umhlophe weqanda, uboya bebhokhwe, ijusi yelamuni kunye nodaka olungenamanzi. Ezi zakhiwo zibalaseleyo zaba nendima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukutya, iziselo mhlawumbi nokupholisa izakhiwo ebudeni beenyanga ezishushu zasehlotyeni. Namhlanje, ii-yakhchals ze-129 zihlala njengesikhumbuzo sembali yobuchule bamandulo basePersi.
