Urhulumente okhokelwa yi-Awami League ubanga ukuzibophelela kunyulo jikelele olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa oluza kuqhubeka nge-7 kaJanuwari 2024 ngelixa kwangaxeshanye abasemagunyeni belizwe bezalisa iintolongo ngamalungu eqela eliphikisayo lezopolitiko kwaye banoxanduva lokusebenzisa amandla agqithisileyo, ukunyanzeliswa kokunyamalala, intuthumbo kunye nokubulawa ngaphandle kwenkundla.
Iqela eliphikisayo eliphambili, i-Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) kunye namahlakani ayo bagqibe kwelokuba balukwaye unyulo besithi luza kuqhathwa yi-Awami League elawulayo (AL).
Iqela eliphikisayo lifuna ukuba urhulumente arhoxe kwaye adlulisele amandla kulawulo olungathathi hlangothi lokujonga iivoti, kodwa iye yakhatywa ngamandla yi-Awami League.
Ingcinezelo enkulu ngexesha lokhankaso lonyulo
Ukusukela kwindibano enkulu yezopolitiko eyayiququzelelwe yi-BNP nge-28 ka-Okthobha ngokuchasene norhulumente olawulayo, ekhokelwa yiNkulumbuso uSheikh Hasina, ubuncinci i-10,000 yamatshantliziyo aphikisayo babanjiwe. Abanye abaninzi baye bawashiya amakhaya abo ukuze bangabanjwa baza bazimela. Akusekho gumbi liseleyo ezintolongweni, ngokutsho kweHuman Rights Watch, ethi ubuncinane abantu abayi-16 babulewe kwaye abantu abangaphezu kwe-5,500 benzakele.
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, uNahid Hasan, intatheli yewebhusayithi yeendaba iJagonews24.com wahlaselwa kwikomkhulu laseDakha ngelixa wayenika ingxelo ngongquzulwano olubandakanya abafundi be-Awami League elawulayo. Abahlaseli yayinguTamzeed Rahman, inkokeli yasekuhlaleni yePhiko loLutsha leAwami League enamadoda amalunga nama-20-25. Bambamba ngekhola, bamqhwaba ngempama baza bambetha de wawa phantsi apho baqhubeka nokumkhaba nokumnyathela. Esi yayisisihlandlo samva nje sohlaselo lwabantu beendaba ngabaxhasi beqela le-14 elikhokelwa yi-Awadi League.
Uhlaselo, ukubekw’ esweni, ukugrogriswa kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokomthetho kumaphephandaba kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo kukhokelele ekubeni kuxhaphake ukuzimela geqe kumajelo eendaba.
Amatyala angaphezu kwama-5,600 anento yokwenza nenkululeko yokuthetha, kuquka lawo eentatheli nabahleli abadumileyo, asachotshelwe phantsi koMthetho oyiDigital Services Act ogxekwa kakhulu, ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo.
Iinkxalabo ze-UN malunga nokubanjwa kwabantu abaninzi
Ngomhla we-13 kuNovemba, iBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu lweZizwe eziManyeneyo ligqibezele Uphononongo lwamaxesha ngamaxesha lwemeko yamalungelo oluntu e-Bangladesh ngethuba apho inyambalala yeeNGOs zakhalaza ngokunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu ngurhulumente okhokelwa nguAwami.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, umhla we-14 kuNovemba, uNksz Irene Khan, Intatheli eKhethekileyo ekukhuthazeni nasekukhuselweni kwelungelo lenkululeko yokucinga nokuvakalisa izimvo zakhe; uMnu.Clément Nyaletsossi Voule; Intatheli eKhethekileyo kumalungelo enkululeko yokuhlanganisana ngoxolo kunye nokuhlangana; kunye noNksz Mary Lawlor, Umbhali okhethekileyo kwimeko yabakhuseli bamalungelo oluntu, yagxeka ingcinezelo eqatha yabasebenzi abafuna imivuzo efanelekileyo kunye namatshantliziyo ezopolitiko amemelela unyulo olukhululekileyo nolungenamkhethe. Bakwakugxekile ukuxhatshazwa ngokwenkundla kweentatheli, abakhuseli bamalungelo oluntu neenkokeli zemibutho yoluntu, kwakunye nokusilela ukuguqula imithetho ecinezela inkululeko yokuthetha.
Isiteyitimenti soonobhala abakhethekileyo be-UN sasihambelana nesinye isibhengezo se-UN ngomhla we-4 ku-Agasti ka-2023 sigxeka ubundlobongela bangaphambi konyulo, sibiza amapolisa "ukuba ayeke ukusebenzisa amandla ngokugqithisileyo phakathi kobundlobongela obuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokubanjwa kwabantu abaninzi ngaphambi konyulo jikelele." Ngokutsho kwesithethi se-UN, “Amapolisa, ekunye namadoda anxibe iimpahla eziqhelekileyo, abonwa esebenzisa izando, iintonga, amalulwane neentsimbi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukubetha abaqhankqalazi.”
Iinkxalabo zase-United States
NgoSeptemba ka-2023, iUnited States yaqala ukumisela izithintelo ze-visa kumagosa ase-Bangladeshi afunyaniswa enoxanduva "lokujongela phantsi inkqubo yonyulo lwedemokhrasi e-Bangladesh." I-US inokuphinda ithathele ingqalelo izohlwayo ezongezelelweyo ngokuchasene nabo banoxanduva lomyalelo woxhatshazo olwenziwayo ngoku. Inqununu joliswe kuyo kwezi izigwebo liqela elilawulayo le-Awadi League, imikhosi yokuthotyelwa komthetho, inkundla yezomthetho kunye neenkonzo zokhuseleko.
Ngale ndlela, ulawulo lweBiden luhlala luhambelana nomgaqo-nkqubo walo ngokubhekiselele kurhulumente olawulayo okhokelwa ngu-Awami. Ngo-2021 kunye no-2023, oko ishiye iBangladesh ngaphandle kwimisitho emibini “yeNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi”, nangona ibimeme iPakistan (ekwinqanaba elisezantsi kune-Bangladesh kwizalathisi ezahlukeneyo zedemokhrasi, kubandakanya neFreedom House's. Inkululeko kwiSalathiso seHlabathi kunye neYunithi yezoBuntlola kwezoQoqosho Isalathiso seDemokhrasi).
Ngomhla wama-31 ku-Okthobha, unozakuzaku waseMelika uPeter Haas wabhengeza “Nasiphi na isenzo esijongela phantsi inkqubo yonyulo lwedemokhrasi – kuquka ubundlobongela, ukuthintela abantu ekusebenziseni ilungelo labo lokuhlanganisana ngoxolo, kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi – kubeka imibuzo ekukwazini ukuqhuba unyulo olukhululekileyo nolungenamkhethe.”
Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, iinkokeli ze-Awami League zaphinda zagrogrisa ngokubetha okanye ukubulala iHaas.
Iinkxalabo zeManyano yaseYurophu malunga nonyulo
Ngomhla we-13 kuSeptemba, uMkomishinala woBumbano kunye noHlaziyo, u-Elisa Ferreira, wanikela intetho egameni loMmeli oPhezulu / uSekela-Mongameli uJosep Borrell malunga nemeko yamalungelo oluntu e-Bangladesh egxininisa ukuba "i-EU ihlala ixhalabile malunga neengxelo zokubulala ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokunyanzeliswa kokunyamalala. eBangladesh.”
Ugxininise ukuba i-EU ijoyina iifowuni zeZizwe eziManyeneyo zokufuna indlela ezimeleyo yokuphanda ukunyamalala okunyanzeliswayo kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni. I-Bangladesh kufuneka kwakhona ivumele utyelelo lweQela eliSebenzayo leZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokuNyanzeliswa kokuNyanzelwa.
Ngomhla wama-21 kuSeptemba, i-European Union yagqiba ekubeni ingathumeli iqela elipheleleyo labakhi-mkhanyo ngexesha lonyulo oluzayo lwase-Bangladesh luchaza imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Ngomhla we-19 kuOktobha, tyena i-EU yazisa ngokusemthethweni iKomishoni yoNyulo (EC) yaseBangladesh ukuba iya kuthumela iqela lamalungu amane ukuba lijonge unyulo lwesizwe oluzayo., ngoku ka Umgangatho woShishino. Ngokweleta ethunyelwe nguMphathiswa weMicimbi yezaNgaphandle, iqela liza kundwendwela i-Bangladesh ukusuka nge-21 kaNovemba ka-2023 ukuya kwi-21 kaJanuwari 2024 ukuze lijonge ukuvota.
I-EU ayizange ithumele nayiphi na ababukeli kwiikhetho ezimbini zokugqibela zelizwe kwi-2014 kwaye i-2018 iphumelele yi-Awadi League. Ngowama-2014, i-Bangladesh Nationalist Party, elona qela likhulu liphikisayo, lakwala kwaye liza kuyenza kwakhona ngoJanuwari ka-2024.
I-EU yayithumele i-mission epheleleyo kunyulo lwe-2008 xa ihambisa i-mission enkulu yezizwe ngezizwe e-Bangladesh kunye nabakhi-mkhanyo abayi-150 abavela kwi-25 yaMazwe angamaLungu e-EU, kunye neNorway neSwitzerland.
Oorhulumente abaliqela bamazwe angaphandle baye babiza ngokuphindaphindiweyo unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa e-Bangladesh.
Ubudlelwane borhwebo phakathi kwe-EU kunye ne-Bangladesh njengesixhobo samandla athambileyo anokubakho
Ngenxa yamalungelo okurhweba anikwe i-Bangladesh, i-EU inamandla, ngaphaya kwamathemba kunye neminqweno yayo, ukukhuthaza urhulumente wayo ukuba aqinisekise unyulo olukhululekileyo nolunobulungisa.
I-EU isebenza ngokusondeleyo ne-Bangladesh kwisakhelo se IsiVumelwano seNtsebenziswano ye-EU-Bangladesh, eyaqukunjelwa ngowama-2001. Esi sivumelwano sibonelela ngemida ebanzi yentsebenziswano, kuquka namalungelo oluntu.
I-EU lelona qabane liphambili lezorhwebo lase-Bangladesh, libalelwa kwi-19.5% yorhwebo lulonke lwelizwe ngo-2020.
Ukuthengwa kwempahla evela e-EU evela e-Bangladesh yonganyelwe ziimpahla, ezibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-90% ye-EU epheleleyo yezinto ezithengwayo ezisuka kweli lizwe.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-EU e-Bangladesh kulawulwa ngoomatshini kunye nezixhobo zothutho.
Phakathi kwe-2017 kunye ne-2020, ukuthengwa kwe-EU-28 evela e-Bangladesh kufikelele kumyinge we-€ 14.8 yezigidigidi ngonyaka, emele isiqingatha se-Bangladesh yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle.
Njengelizwe eliNgaphuhliswa Kancinane (LDC), i-Bangladesh ixhamla kolona lawulo luthandwayo lufumanekayo phantsi kwe-EU's Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP), oko kukuthi, ulungiselelo lwe-All But Arms (EBA). I-EBA inika ii-LDCs ezingama-46 – kubandakanywa i-Bangladesh – simahla, i-quota-free access kwi-EU yokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwazo zonke iimveliso, ngaphandle kwezixhobo nembumbulu. Human Rights Without Frontiers ibongoza i-EU ukuba isebenzise ngamandla amandla ayo athambileyo ukubeka ulungelelwano BhangladeshiIntlonipho yamalungelo oluntu phambi konyulo kunye namalungelo aworhwebo.
