NgoNovemba ka-2023, uthetha-thethwano phakathi kwe-EU kunye ne-Australia malunga neSivumelwano soRhwebo lwaMahla (FTA) lwawa. Oku kubangelwe ikakhulu kwiimfuno ezingqongqo ezivela kwi-EU malunga nezalathi zejografi ezikhuselweyo - ukukwazi ukuthengisa iwayini kunye nezinye iimveliso ezivela kummandla othile - kunye nendlela eguquguqukayo yokufikelela kwimarike yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwezolimo.
Kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva, kwabonakala ukuba ukungahambi okuqhubekayo kwiingxoxo ze-EU-Mercosur - ubukhulu becala ngenxa yeemfuno zokusingqongileyo kunye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezivela eBrussels - akuzange kusonjululwe, kunye noMongameli waseBrazil uLula wathi i-EU "ingenakho ukuguquguquka".
Kwangaxeshanye, abathethi-thethwano be-EU bagqibezele omnye umjikelo weengxoxo kunye ne-Indonesia edityaniswe ne-FTA ecetywayo: akukho nkqubela phambili eyenziweyo malunga neenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye le ntlanganiso yamva nje yayingafani.
Umfanekiso ucacile:
ukuququzelela urhwebo kunye nokuvula iimarike kumile. Le yingxaki ethile kuba i-Indonesia yenye yezona ndawo zinkulu kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwiimarike zabathengi. Ngezinto zethu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle eTshayina naseRussia ziwa (ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo neziqondakalayo), ukuvula iimarike ezinkulu ezintsha kufuneka kube yinto ephambili. Ayikhangeleki njalo.
Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba oku akuyongxaki kunye neqabane lethu lothethathethwano. Kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, i-Indonesia igqibe i- isivumelwano kunye ne-United Arab Emirates (ngaphantsi konyaka). Isanda kuphucula ubukhona bayo isivumelwano kunye neJapan, kwaye uthethathethwano neKhanada kunye ne-Eurasian Economic Union, phakathi kwabanye. Ingaphakathi kuphela uthethathethwano kunye ne-EU ukuba i-Indonesia ifumene inkqubela ukuba icotha kwaye inzima.
Akunjalo kuphela iingxoxo ze-FTA: i-World Trade Organisation (WTO) ityala elichasene ne-EU, efakwe yi-Indonesia kulindeleke ukuba ilawule kungekudala. Eli tyala, ngaphezu kweengxabano ezikhoyo malunga ne-Renewable Energy Directive kunye nokuthunyelwa kwe-nickel kumazwe angaphandle, kuthetha ukuba i-Indonesia ibona imigaqo-nkqubo yethu njengokukhusela kunye nokuchasana norhwebo. Unyulo lukaMongameli lucwangciselwe ngoFebruwari: umphambili uPrabowo uthethe ngokucacileyo ukuba i-Indonesia "ayifuni i-EU," igxininisa "imigangatho ephindwe kabini" kumgaqo-nkqubo wezorhwebo we-EU.
Ke, yeyiphi indlela eya phambili kubudlelwane?
Unyulo lwe-EU, kunye nokuqeshwa kweKomishoni entsha, kufuneka ibhengeze utshintsho lwendlela yokusebenza. Ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwe-EU, kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwiimarike kwii-giants ezizayo ezifana ne-Indonesia ne-Indiya, kufuneka kube yinto ephambili. Uthintelo lobuchwepheshe kufuneka kutshintshwe kubunkokeli obuqinileyo bezopolitiko kunye nokuzinikela kumaqabane amatsha orhwebo.
Ukubandakanya la mazwe angamaqabane kwimimandla yomgaqo-nkqubo we-EU ezichaphazelayo - ezifana ne-Green Deal - nayo ibalulekile. IKomishoni ibonakala ngathi ayicingi ukuba inkulu kangakanani impendulo enokuthi ibangele i-EU Deforestation Regulation: Izizwe ezili-14 ezisaphuhlayo, kuquka ne-Indonesia, zityikitye ileta evulekileyo eyigxekayo, kwaye imingeni ye-WTO ngokuqinisekileyo isemnyango. Uthethwano olufanelekileyo kunye nokufikelela kozakuzo bekunokukuthintela oku ekubeni kube yingxaki. Olo thethwano kufuneka lufikelele ngaphaya kwama-Embasses: I-Indonesia inezigidi zamafama amancinci avelisa ioli yesundu, irabha, ikofu, kwaye iya kuchaphazeleka kakubi ngummiselo we-EU. Ukunqongophala kokufikelela kuthetha ukuba loo mazwi ngoku achasene ne-EU.
I-Indonesia iyonke ayichasanga. Iyaqhubeka nokuqhuba uthethathethwano neKomishoni, kwaye amanye amaZwe angamaLungu - ngakumbi iJamani ne-Netherlands - aneengxoxo ezikhuthazayo zamacala amabini. Kodwa ulwalathiso lokuhamba luyinkxalabo: asinako ukufumana enye iminyaka eyi-5 ye-stasis kwiingxoxo zorhwebo, ngelixa ukuxhatshazwa kwezopolitiko kuphakama malunga nezithintelo zorhwebo ze-EU (uninzi lwazo aluzange lukhabe).
Ulonyulo lunokuthi, kwaye kufanele, lunike isiqalo esitsha kuwo omabini amacala. Kuyafana nakwiIndiya (unyulo ngo-Epreli-Meyi), kwaye mhlawumbi naseUnited States (ngoNovemba). Inqaku eliphambili elidibanisa zonke ezi zinto kukuba zisebenza kuphela ukuba iKomishoni entsha izimisele malunga nokukhuthaza amathuba okuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwe-EU - kunye nokunciphisa imiqobo yorhwebo kunokuba imise ngaphezulu kwayo.
