Sikwazisa ngegama elithi pyrolysis kunye nendlela inkqubo echaphazela ngayo impilo yabantu kunye nendalo.
I-Tire pyrolysis yinkqubo esebenzisa ukushisa okuphezulu kunye nokungabikho kwe-oksijini ukudiliza amathayi kwikhabhoni, i-liquid kunye neemveliso zegesi. Le nkqubo idla ngokuqhutywa kufakelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba zizityalo zepyrolysis.
Ingcamango eyisiseko ye-tire pyrolysis kukuguqula izinto zerubha kwiimveliso ezixabisekileyo, ezifana nekhabhoni, i-fuel fuels (i-pyrolytic oil) kunye neegesi.
Ngaphantsi kweemeko kufuneka isityalo se-pyrolysis sivulwe ngaphakathi kwemida yesixeko. Isityalo se-pyrolysis yamavili ngokuqinisekileyo siya kubangela ingozi kwimpilo yabantu. Imingcipheko ayikho mbalwa, kwaye nantoni na ebeka umngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu esixekweni kukungcakaza ukuba singawuthathi. Ingozi ivela kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ezisuka kufakelo kunye neengozi eziphambili zimbini - kwimpilo yabantu nakwi-ecosystem.
UKUKHUTSHWA OKUNGENZAYO NGEXESHA LEPYROLYSIS YAMAYARE
Makhe sibone ukuba ziyintoni kwaye zichaphazela njani.
Izinto ezinegesi ezikhutshwa kwisityalo se- pyrolysis yamavili zezi:
• CH₄ – iMethane
• C₂H₄ – Ethylene
• C₂H₆ – Ethane
• C₃H₈ – Propane
• I-CO – iCarbon monoxide (iCarbon monoxide)
• CO₂ – ICarbon dioxide (iCarbon Dioxide)
• I-H₂S – iHydrogen Sulfidi
Umthombo - https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/can_the_exhaust_gas_from_waste_tire_pyrolysis_plant_be_recycled_1555.html#
Izinto ezi-1-4 zibuyiselwa ekutshiseni kwi-reactor, ziphembelela inkqubo ye-pyrolysis.
Nangona kunjalo, i-H₂S, i-CO, kunye ne-CO₂ - i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon monoxide, kunye ne-carbon dioxide ayitshisi kwaye ikhutshwe emoyeni.
IMPUMELELO YOKWENZIWA KWEZINTO EZIYINGOZI KUBANTU
Nantsi indlela ezichaphazela ngayo:
I-Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Kuphela yi-1% yesulfure yetayara efumaneka kulwelo lwepyrolysis, intsalela ikhutshelwa emoyeni njengehydrogen sulphide.
Umthombo - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237000000917
IHydrogen sulfide yenye yeegesi ezaziwa kakhulu eziyityhefu kwimpilo yabantu. Yigesi esebenza ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, enetyhefu kakhulu, engenambala nevumba lamaqanda abolileyo. Kumanqanaba aphantsi, ihydrogen sulfide ibangela ukucaphuka kwamehlo, impumlo, kunye nomqala. Amanqanaba aphakathi anokubangela intloko, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha, kunye nokukhohlela kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Amanqanaba aphezulu anokubangela ukothuka, ukuxhuzula, isiqaqa kunye nokufa. Ngokubanzi, okukhona utyhileko luqatha, kokukhona iimpawu zibukhali.
Source – https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=385&toxid=67#:~:text=At%20low%20levels%2C%20hydrogen%20sulfide,convulsions%2C%20coma%2C %20and%20death.
Kwakhona, ukongeza kwimpilo yabantu, ikwachaphazela nokusingqongileyo. I-Hydrogen sulfide, ingena kwi-atmosfera, ijika ngokukhawuleza ibe yi-asidi ye-sulfuric (H2SO4), ebangela ngokufanelekileyo imvula ye-asidi.
Umthombo- http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~qq002439/aferraro_sulphcycle.pdf
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, asifanele sithabathe naliphi na inyathelo eliya kuthi nangayiphi na indlela landise amanqanaba ale gesi inetyhefu kufuphi nalapho sihlala khona.
Ikhabhoni yeMonoxide (CO)
Ikharbon monoxide yenye igesi eyityhefu esingayifuni kwaphela emakhayeni ethu.
Ichaphazela impilo ngokusabela kwayo kunye ne-hemoglobin egazini. IHemoglobin yikhompawundi enika iiseli ioksijini. I-affinity ye-hemoglobin ingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-200 aphezulu kwi-CO kune-oksijini, ngoko ithatha indawo ye-oksijini egazini esele ikwizinga eliphantsi, ngokufanelekileyo ekhokelela ekufutheni kwinqanaba leselula.
Imiphumo kwimpilo yabantu yahlukile. Xa kubonakaliswa okuphezulu kakhulu, le gesi inokubangela ukubetha, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo kunye nokufa kwamalungu obuchopho kunye nomntu ngokwakhe. Kwiindawo ezisezantsi zokutyhileka, kukho iziphumo ezingephi ngakumbi zokuziphatha, umz. ukufunda kakubi, ukuncipha kokuqaphela, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisebenzi entsonkothileyo, ukwanda kwexesha lokusabela. Ezi mpawu zikwavela kumanqanaba ahambelanayo kwindawo eqhelekileyo yedolophu kufutshane neendlela ezixakekileyo. Imiphumo ethile kwi-cardiovascular system nayo ibonwa.
ICarbon dioksayidi (CO2)
Ikharbhon diokside, ukongezelela ekubeni yigesi yegreenhouse, yenye igesi ekwaneengozi ezininzi zempilo ngezixa eziphakamileyo.
Umthombo - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0323-1
I zinyithi
I-Pyrolysis kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-700 °C iguqula iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-Pb kunye ne-Cd (ilothe kunye ne-cadmium) ukusuka kulwelo ukuya kwimeko yegesi.
Source – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831513/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20Cd,heavy%20metals%20Cd%20and%20Pb.
Umonakalo wabo kumzimba womntu ubhalwe ngokubanzi iminyaka kwaye icacile kwisayensi.
Khokela
Ityhefu yelothe inokubangela iingxaki zokuzala kumadoda nabasetyhini, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, isifo sezintso, iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, ukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo, iingxaki zokukhumbula kunye nokuxinana, ukuncipha ngokubanzi kwi-IQ, kunye neentlungu zemisipha kunye nezidibeneyo. Kukho nobungqina bokuba ukuvezwa kwelothe kunokukhokelela kumhlaza kubantu abadala.
Source – https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/lead-and-health#:~:text=Lead%20poisoning%20can%20cause%20reproductive,result%20in%20cancer%20in%20adults.
Cadmium
I-Cadmium ibangela ukutsalwa kweeminerali kunye nokwenza buthathaka kwamathambo, inciphisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga kwaye inokubangela umhlaza wemiphunga.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106447/#:~:text=Cd%20can%20also%20cause%20bone,the%20risk%20of%20lung%20cancer.
Kwezona zingcolisi zintandathu zibaluleke kakhulu, i-pyrolysis yamavili ivelisa ezi-4 zazo. Ziyilothe, icarbon monoxide, amasuntswana othuli olucolekileyo, kunye nehydrogen sulfide. Kuphela i-ozone kunye ne-nitrogen dioxide aziveliswanga.
Umthombo - https://www.in.gov/idem/files/factsheet_oaq_criteria_pb.pdf
ISIPHELO
I-Pyrolysis yinkqubo eyingozi engafanele ivunyelwe kufuphi neendawo zokuhlala. Amanqaku amaninzi anokufumaneka kwi-intanethi echaza le nkqubo 'njengengenabungozi kwaye ihambelana nokusingqongileyo', kodwa zonke zibhalwe ziinkampani ezithengisa izixhobo ngokwazo. Ikwachazwa njengokhetho olungcono, kunokuba utshise amatayara kwindawo evulekileyo. Olu luthelekiso olungenangqondo, njengoko kukho iindlela ezizinzileyo zokuphinda usebenzise amatayara. Umzekelo, ukusika kunye nokuzisebenzisa njengendawo yokuhlala kwindawo yasezidolophini (kwiindawo zokudlala, kwiipaki, njl.njl.), ngokunjalo zinokongezwa kwi-asphalt.
I-Pyrolysis ivelisa ngokucacileyo ukukhutshwa okukhokelela kwingozi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba imiphumo yayo iyancipha kangakanani, kuyo nayiphi na imeko akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba yenziwe kufuphi neendawo zokuhlala, kungasathethwa ke kumbindi wesixeko, ngokulandela umzekelo wamazwe angcoliseke kakhulu njengeIndiya nePakistan.
