Njengoko uMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO) ulungiselela iNkomfa yawo ye-13 yabaPhathiswa (i-MC13), isimo kunye nezindululo zeManyano yaseYurophu (EU) zivele njengezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo zokuthetha. Umbono we-EU, ngelixa unamabhongo, ukwavula uluhlu lweengxoxo malunga nokuba nokwenzeka, ubandakanyo, kunye nefuthe elibanzi uhlaziyo olucetywayo kwinkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi.
Embindini we-ajenda ye-EU kukho ikhwelo lohlengahlengiso olubalulekileyo ngaphakathi WTO, ukunyusa amandla kwiziphumo zeMC12 ngoJuni 2022. I-EU inombono wepakethe ebanzi kwi-MC13 enokubeka isiseko sohlaziyo olongezelelweyo yi-MC14. Le ndlela igxininisa ukuzinikela kwe-EU kwinkqubo yorhwebo ezinzileyo nenokuxelwa kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbono, nangona uncomeka ngethemba lawo, unokujongana nemiqobo ngenxa yeminqweno eyahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule bamalungu e-WTO. Ukufikelela kwimvumelwano ngohlaziyo olunabileyo kufuna ukuba kujongwe uthethathethwano oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezinto eziphambili ezahlukeneyo zesizwe, ebezikade zingumceli mngeni kwisakhelo seWTO.
Umdla we-EU wokungena kwe-Comoros kunye ne-Timor-Leste kwi-WTO iyaphawuleka, iphawula la njengamanyathelo alungileyo okubandakanya wonke umntu kunye nohlaziyo lwezoqoqosho. Olu ngenelelo, olokuqala ukusukela ngo-2016, luqaqambisa ukufaneleka okuqhubekayo kwe-WTO. Nangona kunjalo, umceli mngeni obanzi wokuqinisekisa ukuba amalungu amatsha nasele ekhona, ingakumbi amazwe asakhasayo kunye nalawo angaphuhliswanga kancinane (LDCs), anokuxhamla ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo ye-WTO isahleli. Ukudityaniswa kwala mazwe kwinkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi kubandakanya ukulungisa imiqobo yesakhiwo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho ye-WTO kunye nothethathethwano lubonisa umdla kunye namandla awo.
Uhlaziyo lweyona misebenzi ingundoqo ye-WTO, kubandakanywa nenkqubo esebenza ngokupheleleyo yokusonjululwa kweengxabano kunye nokungathintelwa kweZiko leziBheno, ichongwe njengento ephambili ngokupheleleyo yi-EU. Ngelixa imfuno yolu hlaziyo ivunywa ngokubanzi, indlela yokufikelela kuyo izele kubunzima. Umba wokusonjululwa kwengxabano, umzekelo, luphawu lwemiba enzulu enxulumene nolawulo kunye nolungelelwaniso lwamandla kwi-WTO, ebonisa ukungavisisani kwezopolitiko.
Ukutyhalela kwe-EU ukuvunywa nokuphunyezwa kweSivumelwano senkxaso-mali yezokuloba evela kwi-MC12 bubungqina bokuzibophelela kwayo. Eli nyathelo, nangona libalulekile ngokwenkqubo, likwaqaqambisa imingeni yokulungelelaniswa kwemithetho yorhwebo yamazwe amaninzi kunye neenjongo zokusingqongileyo. Ukusebenza kwezivumelwano ezinjalo ekusebenzeni kuxhomekeke ekunyanzeliseni kwazo kunye nokuzimisela kwamalungu ukuthobela, ukuphakamisa imibuzo malunga namandla e-WTO ukujongana neenkxalabo zehlabathi ezifana nokuzinza.
Kurhwebo lwedijithali, inkxaso ye-EU yokuhlaziya uthintelo lwemirhumo yempahla ye-elektroniki kunye nokuqhubela phambili iNkqubo yoMsebenzi we-e-commerce ibonisa umzamo wokuhambelana nedijithali yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndawo ikwabonisa ukungavisisani phakathi kokukhuthaza urhwebo oluvulekileyo lwedijithali kunye nokujongana neenkxalabo malunga nokwahlulwa kwedijithali, irhafu, kunye nolawulo lwedatha.
Umbono we-EU malunga nokujongana nemingeni yokhuseleko lokutya, ngakumbi kwimeko yemfazwe yase-Ukraine, igxininisa ukudibana kwemigaqo-nkqubo yorhwebo kunye neenyaniso ze-geopolitical. Ngelixa indima ye-WTO ekuthomalaliseni iimpembelelo zongquzulwano kukhuseleko lokutya kwihlabathi ibalulekile, ukusebenza kwamanyathelo orhwebo kwiimeko ezinjalo kuxhomekeke kwiinzame zozakuzo kunye nezobuntu.
Kwezolimo kunye nophuhliso, i-EU ikhuthaza iziphumo ezihambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo yayo, njengoMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLimo oqhelekileyo. Esi sigqibo, ngelixa sikhusela umdla we-EU, sinokuphakamisa inkxalabo malunga nokulungelelana phakathi kokukhusela amacandelo asekhaya kunye nokukhuthaza inkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi enobulungisa nevulekileyo enceda onke amalungu, ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa kunye nee-LDC.
Inkxaso ye-EU yentsebenziswano yamazwe amaninzi ngamaNyathelo eNgxelo eDityanisiweyo ibonisa indlela esebenzayo yokuqhubela phambili uthethathethwano kwimiba ecinezelayo. Nangona kunjalo, esi sicwangciso sikwaphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokubandakanywa kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo yorhwebo lwamazwe amaninzi, njengoko ingengawo onke amalungu e-WTO athatha inxaxheba kula manyathelo.
Njengoko i-EU izibeka njengenkokeli ekutyhaleleni i-WTO ehlaziyiweyo nehlaziyiweyo kwi-MC13, imingeni engaphambili mininzi. Ukufikelela kwisiphumo esilungeleleneyo esijongana neemfuno kunye neenkxalabo zawo onke amalungu e-WTO, ngelixa sijongana neengxabano zelizwe kunye nemidla eyahlukileyo, kuya kufuna isenzo esithambileyo sokulungelelanisa. Izindululo ze-EU, nangona zinebhongo kwaye zineenjongo ezintle, ziya kufakwa kuvavanyo njengoko amalungu ethethathethwano oluya kubumba ikamva lenkqubo yorhwebo yehlabathi.
INkomfa yaBaphathiswa yoMbutho woRhwebo weHlabathi (i-WTO) isandula kuqalisa e-Abu Dhabi, iphawula ixesha elibalulekileyo lezizwe ezingamalungu ukujongana nemiba ecinezelayo yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Iingxoxo ziya kubandakanya izihloko ezinjengokuthintelwa kwenkxaso-mali enegalelo ekulobeni ngokugqithisileyo kunye nobunzima berhafu yedijithali, ebekwe ngokuchasene nemeko yokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuchacha okungalinganiyo kubhubhane. Iziphumo zolu thethwano kwiqumrhu le-WTO elithatha izigqibo likulungele ukutsala ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo njengoko ihlabathi lijongile.
UMlawuli uNgozi Okonjo-Iweala ubeke ithoni eyothusayo kwinkomfa, eqaqambisa imiceli mngeni eyoyikekayo ephambi kokujonga imeko yangoku yehlabathi. Ukugxininisa ukungaqiniseki okuphakamileyo kunye nokungazinzi xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, u-Okonjo-Iweala wagxininisa ukuxhatshazwa kwezopolitiko kunye neengxabano eziye zanda emhlabeni jikelele. Ukusuka kuMbindi Mpuma ukuya e-Afrika nangaphaya, amazwi oMlawuli asebenza njengesikhumbuzo esicacileyo seengxaki ezininzi ezijongene noluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, ekhuthaza impendulo ehlangeneyo ukusombulula le miba intsonkothileyo ngempumelelo.
Ukungxamiseka kugcwele kwindibano, njengoko kugxininiswe ngu-Athaliyah Lesiba, uSihlalo weBhunga Jikelele le-WTO, ogxininise isinyanzelo sesenzo esimanyeneyo phakathi kokungaqiniseki kwezoqoqosho kunye nokungavisisani ngokwelizwe. Ikhwelo likaLesiba lokukhokelela iWTO ekusombululeni imingeni yangoku ihambelana nesidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo okuthatha amanyathelo kunye neenzame zentsebenziswano ekusombululeni imiba entsonkothileyo ekhoyo. Ngonyulo olucwangcisiweyo kumazwe angaphezu kwama-50 kulo nyaka, iziphumo zazo zombini iingxoxo zenkomfa kunye nezi nkqubo zonyulo zikulungele ukubumba umkhondo we-WTO kunye noqoqosho lwehlabathi ngokubonakalayo, kugxininisa ukubaluleka okubalulekileyo kwesenzo esihlangeneyo ekujongeni ubunzima bokuvela. imbonakalo yorhwebo lwehlabathi. Intlanganiso ebiminyaka emibini imiselwe ukuqukunjelwa nge-29 kaFebruwari kwi-United Arab Emirates, kunye nolindelo oluphezulu lwezigqibo ezinempembelelo kunye namanyathelo entsebenziswano avela kwiingxoxo.
