European Union ndi vuto losaneneka laufulu wa anthu

Mayiko a EU ali ndi udindo wogwirizana ndi Pangano Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya (European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR)) ndipo kuyambira mu 2019 anayambiranso kutsatira Pangano la Mayiko a Mayiko a ku Ulaya. Koma EU, idavomereza kale Pangano la UN la Ufulu wa Anthu Olemala (CRPD) ndipo motero ili ndi vuto lazamalamulo ndi Ndime 5 ya ECHR yomwe imasemphana ndi CRPD, ngati EU sikuwona kukayikira kulikonse.

Anthu ambiri amavomerezana kuti n’koyenera ndiponso n’koyenera kuti bungwe la EU liwonjezere udindo wake wokhudza ufulu wachibadwidwe, kuphatikizapo kuvomereza ku ECHR. Komabe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zikuyenera kuthetsedwa, zomwe mwina sizinaganizidwe kapena kuzindikirika. Imodzi mwa mfundozi ndi yokhudza ufulu wa anthu olumala ndiponso amene ali ndi vuto la maganizo ngati bungwe la EU lingavomereze ku Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya.

Zinalembedwa zaka pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Khoti la ECHR linakhazikitsidwa ndipo linalembedwa patapita zaka zambiri nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha kuti iteteze anthu ku nkhanza za m’mayiko awo, kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhulupirirana komanso kuti maboma azigwirizana komanso kuti mayiko azikambirana.

Europe ndipo dziko lonse lapansi, lakula kwambiri kuyambira 1950. Zonse mwaukadaulo komanso motengera malingaliro amunthu komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Chifukwa cha kusintha kotereku m’zaka XNUMX zapitazi, kusiyana kwa zinthu zenizeni m’mbuyomo ndiponso kusaoneratu pasadakhale mfundo zina za m’bungwe la ECHR kumabweretsa mavuto pa kuzindikira ndi kuteteza. ufulu waumunthu m’dziko lamakono.

Palembali, Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya la ECHR lili ndi malemba amene akuletsa ufulu wa anthu amene ali ndi vuto lochita zinthu zina. Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya lomwe linalembedwa mu 1949 ndi 1950, linavomereza kuti “anthu opanda nzeru” achotsedwe kwamuyaya popanda chifukwa china ayi koma kuti anthuwa ali ndi vuto la m’maganizo. Mawuwa adapangidwa ndi oimira United Kingdom, Denmark ndi Sweden, motsogozedwa ndi a British, kuti avomereze Eugenics adayambitsa malamulo ndi machitidwe omwe analipo m'mayikowa pa nthawi ya kukhazikitsidwa kwa Msonkhano.

Zinali kuvomereza kofala kwa Eugenics monga gawo lofunikira la ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu yolamulira anthu yomwe ili pa muzu wa zoyesayesa za oimira United Kingdom, Denmark ndi Sweden kuti aphatikizepo ndime yoti sakhululukidwe, yomwe idzavomereze ndondomeko ya boma kuti iwononge. kulekanitsa ndi kutsekera “anthu opanda nzeru, zidakwa kapena zidakwa ndi oyendayenda”.

Bungwe la Council of Europe m’zaka zapitazi lakhala m’mavuto aakulu pakati pa misonkhano yawo iwiri, ECHR ndi Convention on Biomedicine and Human Rights, yomwe ili ndi malemba ozikidwa pa mfundo zachikale, za tsankho kuyambira m’zaka zoyambirira za m’ma 1900 ndi m’zaka za m’ma XNUMX. ufulu wa anthu wamakono wolimbikitsidwa ndi United Nations.

Bungwe la Council of Europe lasungabe mfundo za msonkhanowu, ndipo zoona zake n'zakuti, motero likulimbikitsa maganizo amene amapangitsa kuti anthu a ku Ulaya ayambe kukhulupirira zamatsenga.

Kutsutsa kwa malemba olembedwa

Zambiri zomwe zikudzudzula lamulo latsopano lomwe Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya lomwe panopa likukambirana, lomwe likuwonjezera ndime 5 ya Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya, zikunena za kusintha kwa maganizo komanso kufunika kokhazikitsidwa kumene kunachitika mu 2006. , ya Pangano la Padziko Lonse la Ufulu wa Anthu: Pangano la Ufulu wa Anthu Olemala (CRPD).

CRPD imakondwerera kusiyana kwa anthu ndi ulemu waumunthu. Uthenga wake waukulu ndi wakuti anthu olumala ali ndi ufulu wopeza ufulu wonse wa anthu ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe popanda tsankho. Msonkhanowu umalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwathunthu kwa anthu olumala m'mbali zonse za moyo. Imatsutsa miyambo ndi machitidwe ozikidwa pa anthu omwe sakhulupirira, tsankho, machitidwe oyipa komanso kusalana kwa anthu olumala.

Ndondomeko ya ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu olumala yotengedwa ndi bungwe la United Nations ndi kuvomereza anthu olumala monga nzika za ufulu ndipo boma ndi ena ali ndi udindo wolemekeza anthuwa.

Kupyolera mu kusintha kwa mbiri yakale, CRPD imapanga maziko atsopano ndipo imafuna kuganiza kwatsopano. Kukhazikitsa kwake kumafuna mayankho anzeru ndikusiya malingaliro am'mbuyomu.

Komiti ya UN yoona za Ufulu wa Anthu Olemala, monga gawo la msonkhano wa anthu mu 2015, inapereka mawu osatsutsika ku Council of Europe kuti "kuika anthu onse olumala, makamaka omwe ali ndi zilema m'maganizo kapena m'maganizo mosasamala. , kuphatikizirapo anthu omwe ali ndi 'matenda amisala', ndizoletsedwa m'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi motsatira ndime 14 ya Panganoli [CRPD], ndipo ndikulanditsa ufulu wa anthu olumala mopanda tsankho komanso mopanda tsankho monga momwe zimachitikira potengera zenizeni kapena zomwe akuganiza. kuwonongeka."

Komiti ya UN inanenanso ku Council of Europe kuti, maphwando a mayiko akuyenera "kuthetsa ndondomeko, malamulo ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. kusowa kwake kogwira mtima komanso malingaliro a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe amisala omwe adakumana ndi zowawa zazikulu komanso zowawa chifukwa cha chithandizo chokakamizidwa. "