Mlalang'amba wa M87 wokhala ndi dongosolo la cosmic digestive

Zatsopano za mlalang'amba wochititsa chidwi wa M87 zikuwonetsa momwe jeti yamphamvu imapangidwira kuzungulira dzenje lakuda lomwe lili mkati mwake.

Zaka zingapo zapitazo, chithunzi cha donut wonyezimira wa lalanje chidapangitsa chidwi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ochita kafukufuku ajambula chithunzi cha pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda lakuda lomwe lili pakatikati pa galaxy M87

Mlalang'amba uwu umadziwika ndi jeti yomwe imathamangitsa zinthu kutali ndi mlalang'amba, womwe umayendetsedwa ndi dzenje lapakati lakuda. Kodi ndendende bwanji ndegeyo imakhazikika pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda komanso momwe nkhaniyo imalowera mu jet sizikumveka bwino.

Akatswiri a zakuthambo, ndi Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, tsopano akupereka mayankho atsopano. Pokhala ndi matelesikopu apawailesi okulirapo pafupifupi ngati Dziko Lapansi lenilenilo, akugwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha M87 kuti nkhaniyo iziyenda pakati pa mlalang'amba wowonekera koyamba.

Zikuganiziridwa kuti kuwala kwakukulu ndi zochitika zomwe zili pakati pa mlalang'amba ngati M87 ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zochokera kumadera ozungulira omwe akugwera mu dzenje lakuda pakatikati pa mlalang'ambawu.

Komabe, zina mwazinthuzi zimatulutsidwanso m'derali kudzera pa jeti. Pankhani ya mlalang'amba M87, pakhala kale zithunzi zosiyana za disc yamkati ya zinthu kuzungulira pakati pa dzenje lakuda ndi jeti.

M'mbuyomu sizinali zodziwika bwino momwe jeti, yomwe imapitilira mpaka m'mphepete mwa mlalang'amba, imapangidwira pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda.

Chithunzi chomwe chidapezedwa tsopano chikukhazikitsa kulumikizana koyamba. "Tikuwona momwe jeti imatulukira kuchokera ku mphete yozungulira dzenje lakuda ndikupeza chidziwitso chatsopano pazochitika zakuthupi zomwe zimayambitsa ndege," anatero Thomas Krichbaum wochokera ku Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy.

Telesikopu yaikulu imagwira ntchito mwatsatanetsatane

Gulu lofufuza zapadziko lonse lapansi linapeza chithunzichi poyang'ana kuwala kwa wailesi pamtunda wa mamilimita 3,5. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino pamitsinje yowala kwambiri ya wailesi yomwe imazungulira pakati pa dzenje lakuda, ndikuwotcha jeti.

Kuwoneka kuchokera Padziko Lapansi, dera lamkati ili likuwoneka lalikulu ngati chiwonetsero cha konsati pa Mwezi, chofanana ndi mainchesi aang'ono a 64 microarcseconds. Pamtunda wa mlalang'amba wa zaka pafupifupi 55 miliyoni za kuwala, izi zimagwirizana ndi kuwirikiza pang'ono kukula kwa dongosolo lathu ladzuwa.

Kuti athetse zidazi, zomwe zimakhala zazing'ono zikawonedwa kuchokera ku Dziko Lapansi, ofufuzawo amagwiritsa ntchito ma telescope ambiri a wailesi. Kukula kwa maukonde komanso kutalikirana kwa ma telesikopu amunthu payekhapayekha, m'pamenenso tinthu tating'onoting'ono totha kujambulidwa.

Kutalika kwa mafunde omwe olandila mawayilesi amawongoleredwa amatanthauziranso chithunzicho. Kufupikitsa kwa kutalika kwa mafunde, ndizomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri zomwe zingathe kujambulidwa.

Chigawo chapakati cha netiweki ndi Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA), yomwe imayenda Europe ndi Kumpoto ndi ku South America zokhala ndi ma telesikopu oposa khumi ndi awiri. Pofuna kukonza luso la kujambula, gululi linawonjezeranso Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimetre Array (Alma) ndi Greenland Telescope.

Kupyolera mu dongosolo lapadera la ma telesikopu ndi kusankha kwa utali wa mafunde a mamilimita 3,5 m’pamene asayansi anatha kufotokoza chithunzi cha injini yapakati ya mlalang’ambawo ndi mmene zinthu zimathamangira mu dzenje lakuda ndipo zimathamangira kunja mu jeti.

Iwo adawona maziko a mlalang'ambawu mu Epulo 2018 ndipo zidatenga zaka kutanthauzira zomwe zidachitika ndikukonzanso chithunzicho.

Eduardo Ros, wasayansi wa Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, anati: "Chithunzi chochititsa chidwi cha jeti ndi mphete mu M87 ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri komanso chosangalatsa kwa zaka zambiri za ntchito yogwirizana."

Chithunzi cha nyukiliyasi ya M87, yomwe akatswiri a zakuthambo adapeza zaka zingapo zapitazo ndi kasinthidwe kosiyana ka telescope, Event Horizon Telescope pautali wa mamilimita 1,3, imadziwika ndi chinthu chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Imawonetsa makamaka chinthu mu mphete yopapatiza kwambiri pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda. Chithunzi chonga donatichi chidayika dzenje lakuda lokha koyamba.

Kutsata malire a physics

Kwa J. Anton Zensus, Mtsogoleri wa Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, kupambana kumeneku kumasonyeza kuti zaka zachitukuko ndi kukulitsa kosalekeza kwa teknoloji ya ma telescope apadziko lonse a wailesi zakhala zopindulitsa. Koma malire a njira yowunikira kwambiriyi sanakwaniritsidwebe.

Mawayilesi atsopano, omveka bwino kwambiri a telesikopu ya GMVA akuyenera kupangitsa akatswiri a zakuthambo kuti athe kuyeza mwatsatanetsatane. Kuwonjezera pa kuwala kwa kuwala, komwe kwajambulidwa apa, zinthu zina za kuwala kwa wailesi zingathe kuchotsedwanso.

Polaration, mwachitsanzo, amatsanzira kapangidwe ndi mphamvu ya mphamvu ya maginito yomwe ili pansi pa dzenje lakuda ndi kupanga jeti. Zinthu zomwe zimawonekera kudzera pawayilesi yake pachithunzichi, zimayenda motsatira mizere yosaonekayi.

Izi ndi njira zina zoyezera zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuphunzira momwe thupi limakhalira pafupi ndi dzenje lakuda, lolemera nthawi mabiliyoni kuposa dzuwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo malire a physics.

Mlalang'amba wa M87: Zofunika Kwambiri

1. Mlalang'amba wa M87 umadziwikanso kuti Virgo A kapena Messier 87. Chinali chinthu cha 87 cholembedwa ndi katswiri wa zakuthambo wa ku France Charles Messier.
2. Ili mu gulu la nyenyezi la Virgo ndipo ndi gawo la Virgo Cluster of galaxies. Ndi pafupifupi 53.5 miliyoni kuwala zaka kutali ndi Dziko Lapansi.
3. Mlalang'amba wa M87 ndi umodzi mwa milalang'amba yayikulu kwambiri m'chilengedwe chapafupi. Lili ndi kukula kwa zaka pafupifupi 120,000 za kuwala kwa zaka XNUMX, zomwe zimachititsa kuti likhale lalikulu kwambiri kuposa mlalang'amba wathu wa Milky Way.
4. M87 ndiyodziwika bwino chifukwa chokhala ndi imodzi mwamabowo akuluakulu akuda omwe akatswiri a zakuthambo amadziwika. Bowo lakuda lomwe lili pakatikati pake lili ndi unyinji wowirikiza pafupifupi 6.5 biliyoni kuposa wa Dzuwa lathu ndipo lazunguliridwa ndi disiki yozungulira ya mpweya wotentha ndi madzi a m'magazi.
5. Mlalang'ambawu ulinso ndi jeti lodziwika bwino la tinthu tambiri tambiri timene timachokera ku dzenje lakuda lapakati. Jetiyi imatha zaka zoposa 5,000 zoyendera kuwala ndipo imatulutsa cheza kumadera osiyanasiyana a mafunde, kuphatikizapo mafunde a wailesi, kuwala koonekera, ndi ma X-ray.
6. M87 imatchedwa elliptical galaxy, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ili ndi mawonekedwe a elliptical kapena mpira. Ilibe mikono yozungulira yodziwika bwino yomwe imawonedwa mu milalang'amba yozungulira ngati Milky Way.
7. Ndi umodzi mwa milalang'amba yowala kwambiri mu Virgo Cluster. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka mozungulira 9.6, ndikupangitsa kuti iwonekere ndi ma binoculars kapena ma telescope ang'onoang'ono pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino.
8. Mofanana ndi milalang'amba ina, M87 akukhulupirira kuti yazunguliridwa ndi kuwala kwa zinthu zakuda, chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe sichimatulutsa kapena kugwirizana ndi kuwala koma chimakhala ndi mphamvu yokoka.
9. M87 idalumikizana ndi milalang'amba ina mu Virgo Cluster, zomwe zidapangitsa kupanga michira yamafunde ndi kupotoza m'zigawo zake zakunja.
10. M87 yawerengedwa mozama ndi Hubble Space Telescope, kupereka zithunzi zatsatanetsatane ndi deta pamapangidwe ake, jeti, ndi dzenje lakuda.

Source: MPG

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