Otsutsa Monga Otsutsa: Chodabwitsa Chodabwitsa mu Kuphedwa kwa Amhara ndi Kufunika kwa Chilungamo Chachisinthiko.

Mkati mwa Afirika, kumene kwakhala zikhalidwe zotsogola ndi madera osiyanasiyana kwa zaka mazana ambiri, maloto owopsa akuchitika. Kuphedwa kwamtundu wa Amhara, nkhani yankhanza komanso yowopsa m'mbiri ya Ethiopia, sikudziwikabe kuti mayiko ena awona. Komabe, m’kati mwa chipwirikiti chimenechi muli nkhani yodetsa nkhawa ya kuzunzika kosaneneka, kuphedwa kwa anthu ambiri, ndi chiwawa cha mafuko.

Mbiri Yakale ndi "Abyssinia: The Powder Barrel"

Kuti timvetse bwino za kuphedwa kwa Amhara, tiyenera kufufuza mbiri yakale, kuyambira nthawi yomwe Ethiopia inayang'anizana ndi ziopsezo zakunja ndi zoyesayesa zautsamunda. Imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri m'mbiri imeneyi inali Nkhondo ya Adwa mu 1896 pamene Asilikali a Mfumu Menelik Wachiwiri anakana kugonjetsa dziko la Italy. Komabe, zochitika izi zinayala maziko a cholowa chovutitsa cha mikangano yamitundu ndi magawano.

Panthawiyi, njira zopangira mikangano pakati pa mafuko zidaperekedwa, makamaka zomwe zafotokozedwa m'buku la "Abyssinia: The Powder Barrel." Buku lamasewera lachinyengoli linkafuna kufotokozera anthu a Amhara ngati opondereza amitundu ina, ndi cholinga chofesa mbewu za magawano mkati mwa Ethiopia.

Minilikawuyan Miuse

Posachedwa mpaka lero, ndipo tikuwona kuyambiranso kosokoneza kwa machitidwe akale ku Ethiopia. Zomwe zili m'gulu la chitetezo cha federal ndi akuluakulu a boma, pamodzi ndi ena ophwanya malamulo, adawukitsa mawu akuti "Minilikawuyan" kuti awononge anthu a Amhara kuti ndi opondereza. Nkhani zabodza izi, zomwe poyamba zidanenedwa ndi anthu aku Italiya m'buku la "Abyssinia: The Powder Barrel" ndipo pambuyo pake zimafalitsidwa chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zaumishonale zogawikana, zagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kulungamitsa chiwawa kwa Amharas osalakwa.

Ndikofunika kumveketsa bwino kuti Amharas alibe udindo wa mbiri yakale chifukwa cha kuponderezana. Nkhaniyi ndi yosokoneza mbiri yakale, yomwe imakhala ngati chifukwa cha nkhanza zomwe zikuchitika kwa anthu a Amhara omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala alimi osauka omwe amakhala m'mavuto.

Zowopsya Zatulutsidwa

Tangolingalirani dziko limene madera anali kukhalirana mogwirizana, tsopano losakanizidwa ndi chiwawa chosasonyeza chifundo. Ana, akazi, ndi amuna agwera m’mikhalidwe yankhanza zosaneneka, miyoyo yawo inazimitsidwa popanda chifukwa china koma fuko lawo.

Anthu amene anapha anthuwa, atalimbikitsidwa ndi nkhani yopotoka ya mbiri yakale, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu achipongwe monga “Neftegna,” “Minilikawiyan,” “jawisa,” ndi “abulu” pofuna kunyoza ndi kunyoza anthu a mtundu wa Amhara. Chilankhulo chonyozeka chotero chasanduka chida, chogwiritsiridwa ntchito kulungamitsa nkhanza zosaneneka zimene zikuchitika.

Dziko Lotembenuza Diso Lakhungu

Chowonadi chodabwitsa ndi chakuti, ngakhale kuti nkhanzazi zikuchulukirachulukira komanso kugwiritsiridwa ntchito molakwa kwa mbiri yakale pofuna kulimbikitsa chiwawa, anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi asankha kukhala chete, kusiya kutchula zomwe zili: kupha anthu. Kuzengereza uku kumawopseza kulimbitsa mtima ochita zachiwembucho ndikuchotsa chiyembekezo cha chilungamo kwa ozunzidwa.

Dziko lili ndi mbiri yowawa ya kusafuna kulowererapo pakuphana kwa mafuko. Rwanda ndi Bosnia ndi zikumbutso zamphamvu za zomwe zimachitika ngati mayiko akulephera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Zotsatira zake n’zosautsa kwambiri, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri aphedwe.

Pamene tikuulula zoopsa za kuphedwa kwa fuko la Amhara, timatsala ndi funso lodetsa nkhawa: Kodi boma lopha anthu lingakhale bwanji ngati woimira boma pa milandu, woweruza milandu, komanso wogwiritsa ntchito mwalamulo kudzizunza? Dziko siliyenera kulola chododometsa chodetsa nkhaŵa chimenechi kupitiriza. Kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga sikungofunikira makhalidwe abwino komanso udindo kwa anthu.

Kudula Unyolo Wachetechete

Yakwana nthawi yoti dziko lapansi lisokoneze bata lomwe likuchitika ku Amhara Genocide. Tiyenera kuyang'anizana ndi chowonadi chosatsutsika komanso chosatsutsika: zomwe zikuchitika ku Ethiopia ndikupha fuko. Mawuwa ali ndi mfundo yoti munthu achitepo kanthu kuti achitepo kanthu. Limatikumbutsa lonjezo lakuti “sipadzakhalanso,” lumbiro loletsa zoopsa zoterozo kuti zisabwerenso.

Njira Yopita Patsogolo: Boma Losintha Kwambiri

Kuti tithane ndi chiwonongeko cha Amhara mokwanira, tikupempha kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma losintha ku Ethiopia. Bungweli liyenera kukhala ndi anthu osagwedezeka pa kudzipereka kwawo pa chilungamo, kuyanjanitsa, ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu. Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti zipani za ndale zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti zikukhudzidwa ndi kupha anthu, kapena zopezeka kuti ndi zolakwa, ziyenera kuletsedwa m’zochitika zonse za ndale ndikuzengedwa mlandu. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti olakwawo adzayankha mlandu, pamene osalakwa amatha kuyambiranso ndale akachotsedwa.

Pempho Loti Achite

Kuphedwa kwa Amhara kumagwira ntchito ngati chikumbutso chodetsa nkhawa cha udindo wathu wonse woteteza miyoyo yosalakwa ndikuletsa kubwereza kwa zoopsa zotere. Kudzudzula kokha sikungakwanire; kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso motsimikiza ndikofunikira.

Msonkhano Wachifwamba: Chofunikira Pamakhalidwe

Pangano la kupha anthu, lomwe linavomerezedwa ndi bungwe la United Nations mu 1948, limafotokoza udindo wa mayiko onse oletsa kupha anthu komanso kulanga anthu. Limalongosola kupulula fuko kukhala “mchitidwe wochitidwa ndi cholinga chowononga, lonse kapena mbali ina, gulu la fuko, fuko, fuko, kapena chipembedzo.” Kuphedwa kwa Amhara mosakayikira kumagwera mkati mwa tanthauzo ili.

Kukhala chete kwa mayiko kapena kusafuna kutchula izi ndi kupatuka kokhumudwitsa pa mfundo zomwe zalembedwa mumgwirizano wa kupha anthu. Zofunikira pamisonkhanoyi zikuwonekeratu: dziko lapansi liyenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti liletse nkhanza zomwe zikuchitika kwa anthu a Amhara.

Kusintha kwa Chilungamo: Njira Ya Machiritso

Transitional Justice, monga momwe bungwe la United Nations lidanenera, likufuna kuthana ndi zovuta za kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Pankhani ya kuphedwa kwa Amhara, sikukhala kofunikira koma njira yochiritsira mtundu wovulala kwambiri.

Poganizira njira yopita patsogolo Ethiopia, zikuwonekeratu momveka bwino kuti boma lamakono, lomwe likukhudzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa Amhara, silingathe kupatsidwa udindo wothetsa vutoli, kubweretsa mlandu kwa olakwa, ndi kulimbikitsa chiyanjanitso ndi mtendere. Ochita sewero omwe ali ndi udindo pazochitika zonyansazi sangatsogolere njira yachilungamo yosinthira. Kupitirizabe kukhalapo kwawo muulamuliro kumapereka chiwopsezo chapafupi kwa ozunzidwa, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chiwopsezo cha chiwawa chowonjezereka, kutsekereza mboni, ndi kupha anthu omwe akufuna kupha anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati omwe adayambitsa chipwirikiticho apitiliza kuwongolera. Lingaliro la "quasi-compliance" limayamba kugwira ntchito, pomwe pangakhale a mawonekedwe a mgwirizano ndi zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi, koma mphamvu ndi kusalangidwa zidakalipobe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira iliyonse yachilungamo yanthawi yayitali ikhale yopanda mphamvu komanso yowopsa kwambiri kwa ozunzidwa. Boma lokhazikika lopanda tsankho komanso lokwanira, komanso kuyang'anira padziko lonse lapansi, ndikofunikira kuti chilungamo chikhalepo komanso mtendere wokhalitsa upezeke ku Ethiopia ndi kudera lonselo.

Boma lokhazikika lokhazikika, lopangidwa ndi anthu opanda tsankho odzipereka ku chilungamo ndi kuyanjanitsa, lingathe kukonza njira ya machiritso ofunikirawa. Iyenera kuika patsogolo:

1. Choonadi: Kuyankha mlandu kusanakwaniritsidwe, kuchuluka kwa nkhanzazo komanso mbiri yakale yomwe zidawatsogolera ziyenera kuwululidwa. Kufufuza zoona zenizeni n’kofunika kwambiri povomereza kuzunzika kwa ozunzidwawo komanso kumvetsa zinthu zimene zinasonkhezera kuphedwa kwa fuko la Amhara.
2. Kuyankha mlandu: Olakwa, posatengera kuti ndi ndani, ayenera kuweruzidwa. Uthenga womveka bwino uyenera kutumizidwa kuti kupanda chilango sikuloledwa.
3. Kubwezera: Ozunzidwa ku Amhara Genocide akuyenera kubwezeredwa chifukwa cha zowawa zawo. Izi zikuphatikiza osati kubweza zinthu zakuthupi zokha komanso kuthandizira kuchira kwamalingaliro ndi malingaliro.
4. Kuyanjanitsa: Kukhazikitsanso kukhulupirirana pakati pa madera, ambiri omwe adasweka chifukwa cha nkhanzazi, ndikofunikira kwambiri. Mfundo zomwe zimalimbikitsa kumvetsetsana ndi mgwirizano ziyenera kukhala zofunika kwambiri pazantchito za boma losintha.

Pomaliza, tikuyitanitsa anthu apadziko lonse lapansi kuti:

1. Vomerezani poyera kuphedwa kwamtundu wa Amhara ngati kupha anthu, kutsimikizira kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu.
2. Wonjezerani thandizo pakupanga boma lokhazikika ku Ethiopia, motsogozedwa ndi anthu opanda tsankho odzipereka ku chilungamo ndi chiyanjanitso.
3. Ikani chiletso pa zipani zonse zandale zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuphana kwa mafuko mpaka zitachotsedwa zolakwazo.
4. Perekani thandizo lachangu kwa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa Amhara, kuthana ndi zosowa zawo zaposachedwa.
5. Pangani mgwirizano ndi mabungwe ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti muwonetsetse kuti chilungamo, kubwezeredwa, ndi kuyanjanitsa zimakwaniritsidwa moyenera komanso mokhazikika.

Ethiopia, monga phoenix, iyenera kuwuka paphulusa la mutu wakuda uwu m'mbiri yake. Mwa kudzipereka pamodzi ku chilungamo, chiyanjanitso, ndi kuteteza ufulu wa anthu, titha kuyembekezera mtsogolo momwe mgwirizano ndi mtendere zidzalamulira. Yakwana nthawi yoti dziko lapansi limvere maphunziro a mbiri yakale ndikuletsa mutu wina womvetsa chisoni kuti ulembedwe.