Ruslan Khalikov inyanzvi muzvidzidzo zvechitendero, nhengo yeBoard of the Ukrainian Association of Researchers of Religion, uye anoshanda pachirongwa chekunyora mhedzisiro yehondo yekuwanda kwezvitendero muUkraine, kungave munzvimbo dzakagarwa kana mune dzimwe nzvimbo. yenyika. Iye nevamwe vake vakanyora nhamba huru yekuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzechitendero uye zvivakwa kubva pakutanga kwehondo. Takava nemukana wekutaura naye muchidimbu uye kumubvunza mibvunzo mishoma:
1. Unogona here kutsanangura muchidimbu chirongwa chako chekutsvaga?
Chirongwa chedu chokuti “Chitendero Chiri Pamoto: Kunyora Mhosva dzeHondo yeRussia Mukurwisana Nenharaunda dzezvitendero muUkraine” chakatangwa semhinduro kukurwisa kwakazara kweRussia muUkraine. Muna Kurume 2022 sangano redu, Musangano weChidzidzo cheZvitendero, akatanga chirongwa, uye kubva pakutanga chaitsigirwa ne State Service yeUkraine yeEthnopolitics uye Rusununguko rwehana uye Congress of Ethnic Communities rweUkraine. Gare gare, chirongwa ichi chakawana rutsigiro kubva kune International Center for Law uye Religious Studies (USA).
Chirongwa ichi chine chinangwa chekurekodha nekunyora kukuvadzwa kwakaitwa zvivakwa zvechitendero nekuda kwezviito zvemauto euto reRussia muUkraine, pamwe nekuuraya, kukuvadza nekupambwa kwevatungamiriri vezvitendero vemasangano akasiyana. Munguva yehondo, chikwata chedu chine chinangwa chekuunganidza mashoko pamusoro pemhosva dzehondo dzakaparwa neRussian Federation muUkraine pamusoro pemachechi ezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvishandiso zvatinounganidza zvinogona kushandiswa muzvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi zvekukanganisa kwehondo kunharaunda dzezvitendero dzeUkraine, mukugadzirira mishumo yemasangano epasi rese, pamwe neumbowo hwekuunza murwi kururamisiro.
Pari zvino, zvivako zvechitendero zvinopfuura 240 zvakakanganiswa nemauto, zvatakanyoresa mudura redu. Vanosvika 140 vavo machechi echiKristu eOrthodox, dzimba dzemamongi, uye mazhinji acho ndeeUOC (MP). Mamosque, masinagogi, horo dzeminamato, horo dzehumambo, ISKCON ashrams, zvivakwa zvezvimwe zvidiki zvezvitendero zviri kutambura, uye isu tinozvinyoresa zvakare mudhatabhesi. Isu tinoziva zvakare nezvedzimwe nyaya gumi neshanu dzevatungamiriri vezvitendero vakapondwa kana kuurayiwa nebhomba, kusanganisira vafundisi vemauto uye vazvipiri vevanhu vanobva munharaunda dzezvitendero. Vamwe vatungamiriri vezvitendero veko vakapambwa nemauto eRussia, vachimanikidzwa kusiya imba yavo uye paramende munzvimbo dzakatorwa.
2. Chii chiri mamiriro ezvinhu pamusoro pezvitendero muUkraine mukati mehondo inopfuurira? MuUkraine yakasununguka? Mundima dzakatorwa?
Mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana zvakanyanya, zvichienderana neruzivo rwevatendi mune imwe nzvimbo. Uko kurwa uye kuputika kwebhomba kuri kuenderera mberi, kana munzvimbo dzaive pasi pekugara kwenguva pfupi, tinoona kuwedzera kwekubatana pakati pemasangano ezvitendero akasiyana, kunyangwe kana kusati kwapinda vaibatana sevanopikisa. Semuenzaniso: pakati pemakereke akasiyana eChristian Orthodox, Orthodox nemaPurotesitendi, maMuslim nemaKristu. Chinangwa chikuru chekushandira pamwe ndechekuzvipira, mabasa ekubatsira vanhu.
Ungano dzinopa pokugara kune vanhuwo zvavo panguva yehondo, kuendesa rubatsiro rwevanhu, kupa vafundisi vemauto kumapoka emauto (mutemo wezvekunamata wakagamuchirwa zvizere muchirimo chino chete), kuronga kupa ropa, nezvimwewo. uko kusina tyisidziro yezuva nezuva uye yapakarepo kuupenyu, makwikwi anopfuurira pakati pamasangano orudzidziso.
Munzvimbo dzichangobva kutorwa, vatendi vemasangano ezvitendero akawanda, kunyanya vezvitendero zvidiki, vanotarisirwa kutarisana nezvirambidzo mukuita kwavo. Masangano akarambidzwa muRussia, akadai seZvapupu zvaJehovha, vateveri vaSaid Nursi, Hizb ut-Tahrir, acharambidzwawo sezvo hurumende dzeRussia dzinosimbaradza ikoko.
Munzvimbo dzakasununguka, masangano ese ezvitendero anozvibvisa ivo pachavo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kubva kune hukama nevatendi veRussia. Kunyangwe Chechi yeOrthodox yeUkraine, iyo yaimbova mumubatanidzwa neMoscow Patriarchate, yakaita Dare rakakosha muna Chivabvu 27 uye yakadzima kubatana uku kubva mugwaro rayo.
Mukupesana, munzvimbo dzinogarwa, nzanga dzinoverengeka dzechechi iyi dzinomanikidzwa kuenda pasi peutungamiriri hweChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Kunyangwe kubvira 2014 kusvika pari zvino, nharaunda dziri muCrimea neCADLR (Dzimwe Nzvimbo dzeDonetsk neLuhansk Regions) dzakatariswa zviri pamutemo sezvikamu zveUOC. Saizvozvowo, nharaunda dzechiMuslim dzenharaunda dzeDonetsk neLugansk munzvimbo dzakagarwa dzakapinda munzvimbo yekupesvedzera yeRussian Council yeMuftis uye Spiritual Assembly yeMuslim yeRussian Federation, zvichiteerana.
3. Unoona here kuwedzera kwemhosva dzinokonzerwa nechitendero kubva kuchikamu cheRussia?
Kubva pakutanga kwekupinda, uye kunyange zvisati zvaitika, vatungamiriri vezvematongerwo enyika nevechitendero veRussia, kusanganisira Mutungamiri Vladimir Putin, Patriarch Kirill Gundyaev, Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin, Pandito Khambo Lama Damba Ayusheev nevamwe vakashandisa chinhu chechitendero sechimwe chezvikonzero zvekupinda. Vakapomera divi reUkraine kutyora kodzero dzeUOC, yekumisikidza tsika dzekuMadokero, uye vakakurudzira kubvisa vagari veUkraine kubva "kudzvinyirirwa kwechitendero". Panguva imwecheteyo, nekupinda kwayo, Russia haisi kungoparadza mamiriro ezvitendero zvakawanda muUkraine, asi zvakare iri kuparadza makumi etembere dzeUOC (MP), ichinyima vatendi mukana wekushandisa rusununguko rwavo rwechitendero uye. kutenda. Mupfungwa iyi, hapana kukura, mwero weruvengo unogara uchikwira.
Kana tikataura pamusoro pekuwedzera kwenhamba yemhosva dzinokonzerwa nechitendero, saka tinogona kutaura nezvazvo, kutanga kune zvose, munharaunda dzakatorwa, umo zvitendero zvakawanda zviri kuderera, vashomanana vari kurasikirwa nemukana wekuita chitendero chavo vakasununguka. Asi kunyangwe vapristi veUOC-MP vasingavimbike kune manejimendi eRussia vari panjodzi yekugumira mutirongo, vanopota vachishevedzwa kuti vabvunzurudzwe kana kupambwa kwechinguva, vanotyisidzirwa pasocial media. Kana Russia ikafunga kutora zviri pamutemo matunhu akabatwa, tinogona kutarisira kuti nharaunda dzezvitendero dzinoverengeka dzichawira pasi pemutemo weRussia pamusoro pekunyanyisa, sezvakaitika kuCrimea. Kusvika parizvino, manejimendi eRussia haanzwe aine chivimbo chakakwana kuti ape nguva yakawanda kudzvinyiriro dzechitendero.
4. Pane chaungada kuwedzera?
Ndinoda kusimbisa kudiwa kwerubatsiro kune vezvitendero zvidiki zvekuUkraine, sezvo vangasakwanisa kupora vega mushure mekuparadzwa kwezvivakwa zvechitendero uye kuparara kwenharaunda munguva yehondo. Izvi zvichachengetedza rusununguko rwepamusoro rwechitendero nezvitendero, pamwe chete nehuwandu huri kuedza kuparadza Russian Federation. Ukraine inodawo rubatsiro mukunyorwa kwemhosva dzehondo, nekuti huwandu hwemhosva dzehondo kazhinji hwatosvika mazana ezviuru, masangano ese anoferefeta anoshanda nemhosva, uye veruzhinji vari kuitawo zvinyorwa, asi isu tinoda zvese masangano uye zviwanikwa rutsigiro kubva. Nyika dzeEurope. Uye chekupedzisira, ndapota usamira kuzivisa nezvehondo muUkraine, kusanganisira kuparadzwa kwezvivakwa zvechitendero - hapana chakamira, hondo iri kuenderera mberi, uye yakabatana Europe chete inogona kubatsira kuipedza.
