Pakati peAfrica, umo tsika dzakasimba nenzanga dzakasiyana-siyana dzakabudirira kwemazana emakore, chinyararire chinoitika. Kuurayiwa kweAmhara, chiitiko chine hutsinye uye chinotyisa munhoroondo yeEthiopia, chinoramba chakavharika kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Asi, pasi pechifukidziro ichi chekunyarara pane nhoroondo inotyisa yekutambura kusingatsananguriki, kuurayiwa kwevanhu vakawanda, uye kurwisana kwemadzinza.
Historical Context uye "Abyssinia: Iyo Powder Barrel"
Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa Kuurayiwa kweAmhara, isu tinofanirwa kunyura muzvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, tichidzokera kumashure panguva iyo Ethiopia yakatarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwekunze uye kuedza kwekoloni. Imwe yenguva dzakanyanya kukosha munhoroondo iyi yaive Hondo yeAdwa muna 1896 apo Mauto aMambo Menelik II akabudirira kuramba kuedza kweItaly colonization. Zvakadaro, zviitiko izvi zvakaisa hwaro hwenhaka inonetsa yekusawirirana kwemarudzi nekukamukana.
Munguva ino, nzira dzakanangana nekugadzira kusawirirana kwemadzinza dzakatsanangurwa, zvakanyanya kutsanangurwa mubhuku "Abyssinia: Iyo Powder Barrel." Iri bhuku rekutamba rakashata rakatsvaga kuratidzira vanhu veAmhara sevadzvinyiriri vemamwe marudzi, nechinangwa chekudyara mbeu yekuparadzanisa mukati meEthiopia.
Minilikawuyan Miuse
Nekukurumidza kusvika nhasi, uye tinopupurira kudzokororwa kunoshungurudza kwemaitiro enhoroondo muEthiopiya. Zvinhu zviri mukati memubatanidzwa wemauto edziviriro uye zviremera zvehurumende, pamwe chete nevamwe vatadzi, vakamutsazve izwi rekuti "Minilikawuyan" kuti vanyepe vanhu veAmhara sevadzvinyiriri. Iyi rondedzero yenhema, yakatanga kutaurwa nevaItaly mubhuku "Abyssinia: The Powder Barrel" uye yakazoparidzirwa kuburikidza nekuedza kwekuparadzanisa mamishinari, yakashandiswa zvakashata kururamisa mhirizhonga kune vasina mhosva Amharas.
Zvakakosha kujekesa kuti maAmhara haana mhosva yezvakaitika kare zvezviito zvekudzvinyirira. Rondedzero iyi kukanganisa kwechokwadi chenhoroondo, kushanda sechikonzero chemhirizhonga iripo kune vanhu veAmhara avo vanowanzova varimi varombo vanogara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara.
Zvinotyisa Zvakasunungurwa
Fungidzira nyika umo nzanga dzaimbogara pamwe chete muchinzwano, zvino dzaparadzaniswa nefungu rechisimba risingaratidzi tsitsi. Vana, vakadzi, nevarume vakawira muzviito zvoutsinye husingafungidziriki, upenyu hwavo hwakadzima pasina chikonzero kunze kwerudzi rwavo.
Vapari vekuuraya rudzi uku, vashinga nerondedzero yenhoroondo yakamonyana, vanoshandisa mashoko okuzvidza akadai sa“Neftegna,” “Minilikawiyans,” “jawisa,” uye “mbongoro” kuti vashore uye vashore vanhu veAmhara. Mutauro unonyadzisa wakadaro wava chombo, unoshandiswa kupembedza hutsinye husingarondedzereki huri kuitwa.
Nyika Inopofumadza Ziso
Chokwadi chinokatyamadza ndechekuti, zvisinei nekuwanda kwehutsinye uhwu uye kushandiswa zvisiri pachena kwenyaya dzenhoroondo kuti dzikurudzire mhirizhonga, nharaunda yepasirese yakasarudza kunyarara, ichimira kudana kuti chii: kuuraya rudzi. Kuzengurira uku kunotyisidzira kushingisa vapari vemhosva uye kunoparadza tariro yeruramisiro nokuda kwevakabatwa.
Nyika ine nhoroondo inorwadza yekusada kana tosvika pakupindira mukupondwa kwevanhu. Rwanda neBosnia zviyeuchidzo zvakakasharara zvezvinoitika kana nharaunda dzepasi rose dzatadza kuita zvine hungwaru. Migumisiro yacho inorwadza, zvichiita kuti vanhu vakawanda varasikirwe neupenyu.
Sezvatinofumura zvinotyisa zveAmhara Genocide, tinosara nemubvunzo usingadzoreki: Hurumende inoparadza rudzi ingashanda sei semuchuchisi, mutongi, uye chombo chepamutemo chekutambudza kwayo? Nyika haifanire kubvumira gangaidzo rinoshungurudza iri kuti rienderere mberi. Chiito chapakarepo hachizi chinodikanwa chetsika chete asiwo ibasa kumunhu.
Kudambura Ngetani dzekunyarara
Yave nguva yekuti nyika iparadze kunyarara kwakaputira Amhara Genocide. Tinofanira kutarisana nechokwadi chakajeka uye chisingarambike: zviri kuitika muEthiopia zvechokwadi kuuraya rudzi. Iri izwi rinotakura chisungo chetsika, kudanwa kuchiito chisingagone kufuratirwa. Rinotiyeuchidza nezvechipikirwa chokuti “hazvizoitizve,” mhiko yokudzivisa zvinotyisa zvakadaro kuti zvisaitikazve.
Nzira Inoenda Mberi: Hurumende Inopindirana
Kuti tigadzirise Amhara Genocide zvizere, isu tinokurudzira kugadzwa kwehurumende inochinja muEthiopia. Dare iri rinofanirwa kunge richisanganisira vanhu vasingazungunuke mukuzvipira kwavo kururamisiro, kuyananiswa, nekuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Chinokosha ndechekuti mapato ezvematongerwo enyika anofungidzirwa kuti ane chekuita nekuuraya rudzi, kana kuti akawanikwa aine mhosva, anofanira kurambidzwa kuita zvese zvezvematongerwo enyika uye kutongwa. Izvi zvinoita kuti vane mhosva vazvidavirire, nepo vasina mhosva vachizopedzisira vatangazve mabasa ezvematongerwo enyika kana achenurwa.
Chikumbiro Chekuita
Iyo Amhara Genocide inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chakapusa chebasa redu rakaungana kuchengetedza hupenyu husina mhosva uye kudzivirira kudzoka kwezvinotyisa zvakadaro. Kutonga kwoga hakungakwani; Kuchimbidza uye kuita sarudzo kwakakosha.
Kokorodzano Yokuuraya Rudzi: Chinodikanwa Chetsika
Chibvumirano cheGenocide, chakagamuchirwa neUnited Nations muna 1948, chinotsanangura chisungo chenyika dzakawanda kudzivirira uye kuranga zviito zvekuparadza rudzi. Rinorondedzera kuparadza rudzi se“zviito zvinoitwa nechinangwa chokuparadza, rose kana kuti chikamu, boka rerudzi, dzinza, dzinza, kana kuti rechitendero.” Iyo Amhara Genocide inowira mukati meiyi tsanangudzo.
Kunyarara kwepasi rose kana kusada kuzvidoma seizvi kutsauka kunoodza mwoyo kubva pamisimboti yakanyorwa muChibvumirano cheGenocide. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvehunhu zvegungano zvakajeka: nyika inofanirwa kuita zvine hungwaru kudzivirira hutsinye huri kuramba huchiitwa nevanhu veAmhara.
Transitional Justice: Nzira yeKuporeswa
Transitional Justice, sezvakatsanangurwa neUnited Nations, inotsvaga kugadzirisa zvakatemerwa nekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Panyaya yeAmhara Genocide, haingove chinhu chinodiwa asi nzira yekurapa nyika yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya.
Mukufunga nzira yekuenda mberi Ithiyopiya, zvinova pachena kuti hurumende iripo, inobatanidzwa mukupara mhosva yeAmhara Genocide, haigoni kupiwa basa rekugumisa dambudziko iri revanhu, kuunza kuzvidavirira kune vane mhosva, uye kukurudzira kuyananiswa uye rugare. Vatambi chaivo vane mhosva yezviito zvakashata izvi havagone kutungamira nenzira yehutongi hwenguva pfupi. Kupfuurira kwavo kuvapo musimba kunopa tyisidziro iri pedyo kuvanyajambwa, avo vanoramba vari mungozi yakakomba. Ngozi yekuwedzera mhirizhonga, kunyarara kwezvapupu, uye kuuraya kwakanangana kwakakura chero bedzi avo vane mhosva yekuuraya rudzi vachiramba vachidzora. Pfungwa ye "quasi-compliance" inotanga kushanda, apo panogona kuva ne kufanana kwekubatana nekuedza kwenyika dzakawanda, asi masimba ari pasi pesimba uye kusarangwa zvinoramba zvakadaro, zvichiita kuti chero nzira yekururamisira iite kusashanda uye zvichigona kutonyanya kukuvadza kune vanobatwa. Hurumende yeshanduko isina rusaruro uye yakazara, pamwe nekutarisa pasi rose, zvakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kururamisira kuripo uye runyararo rusingaperi runogona kuwanikwa muEthiopia nedunhu rakakura.
Hurumende yeshanduko yakazara, inoumbwa nevanhu vasina rusaruro vakazvipira kururamisiro nekuyananisa, inogona kugadzira nzira yekuporeswa kunodiwa uku. Zvinofanira kukoshesa:
- Chokwadi: Kuzvidavirira kusati kwawanwa, kuzara kwakazara kwehutsinye uye mamiriro enhoroondo akaatungamirira kunofanirwa kuburitswa. Maitiro ekutsvaga chokwadi akazara akakosha kubvuma kutambura kwevakabatwa uye kunzwisisa zvinhu zvakakonzera Kuurayiwa kweAmhara.
- Kuzvidavirira: Vapari vemhosva, zvisinei nekuti nderipi, vanofanira kutongwa. Mharidzo yakajeka inofanira kutumirwa kuti kusava nemhosva hakuzobvumirwi.
- Kudzorera: Vakabatwa neAmhara Genocide vanokodzera kudzoserwa nekuda kwekutambura kwavo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kwete muripo wenyama chete asiwo tsigiro yekupora mupfungwa uye mupfungwa.
- Reconciliation: Kuvakazve kuvimbana pakati penharaunda, dzakawanda dzadzo dzakaparadzaniswa nemhirizhonga iyi, kwakakosha. Matanho anokurudzira kunzwisisa nekushandira pamwe anofanirwa kunge ari musimboti wehurongwa hwehurumende yeshanduko.
Mukupedzisa, isu tinodaidza nemoyo wese kunharaunda yepasirese kuti:
- Bvuma pachena Amhara Genocide sekuuraya rudzi, uchisimbisa kukosha kwekupindira nekukurumidza.
- Wedzera rutsigiro rwekuumbwa kwehurumende yeshanduko yakazara muEthiopia, inotungamirwa nevanhu vasingasaruri vakazvipira kururamisiro nekuyananisa.
- Isai kurambidza mapato ese ezvematongerwo enyika ane chekuita nekupondwa kwerudzi kusvikira abviswa pane zvakaipa.
- Ipa rubatsiro rwekukurumidza rwekubatsira kune vakawirwa neAmhara Genocide, vachigadzirisa zvavanoda ipapo.
- Forge kudyidzana nevadyidzani vepasirese uye masangano kuona kuti kururamisira, kudzoreredza, uye kuyananisa kunowanikwa nemazvo uye nekusingaperi.
Itiopiya, senge phoenix, inofanirwa kusimuka kubva mumadota eichi chitsauko cherima munhoroondo yayo. Nekuzvipira pamwe chete kururamisiro, kuyananiswa, uye kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, tinogona kutarisira ramangwana apo kubatana nerunyararo zvinotonga zvakanyanya. Yave nguva yekuti nyika iteerere zvidzidzo zvenhoroondo uye kudzivirira chimwe chitsauko chinosuwisa kuti chisanyorwa.
