Electroshock - Ka Hlakola 2013, 'muelli ea khethehileng oa Machaba a Kopaneng mabapi le tlhokofatso, Monghali Juan Méndez, ha a bua har'a tse ling, ECT (electroconvulsive therapy o electroshock) e khothalelitse
"thibelo e felletseng ea mehato e qobelloang le e sa lumellaneng ea bongaka khahlanong le batho ba nang le bokooa, ho kenyeletsoa le tsamaiso e sa lumellaneng ea psychosurgery, motlakase le lithethefatsi tse fetolang kelello tse kang li-neuroleptics, [le] tšebeliso ea ho ithiba le ho koalloa u le mong, bakeng sa tšebeliso ea nako e telele le e khutšoanyane.” [I]
TLALEHO EA MONGOLI OA KHETHEHILENG KA TLHOKOMELISO LE TSE LING TSE SEHLOHO, PHEKO KAPA KOTLO E HLAHANG KA BOTHO KAPA E nyenyefatsang
1 February 2013
39. …Tlhokomelo ea bongaka e bakang mahlomola a maholo ntle le lebaka le utloahalang e ka nkoa e le tšoaro e sehlōhō, e se nang botho kapa e nyenyefatsang kapa kotlo, 'me haeba ho e-na le ho ameha ha Naha le morero o itseng, ke tlhokofatso.
63. … Ho bohlokoa hore thibelo e felletseng ea mehato eohle e qobellang le e sa lumellaneng, ho kenyeletsoa thibelo le ho koalloa ba le bang ha batho ba nang le bokooa ba kelello kapa ba kelello, e sebetse libakeng tsohle tsa ho amohuoa tokoloho, ho kenyeletsoa le litsing tsa tlhokomelo ea kelello le tsa sechaba… .
V. Liqeto le likhothaletso
- Bohlokoa ba ho arola tlhekefetso maemong a tlhokomelo ea bophelo e le tlhokofatso le tšoaro e mpe
82. Thibelo ea tlhokofatso ke e 'ngoe ea tse' maloa tse felletseng le tse sa nyatseheng. litokelo tsa botho, taba ea feela cogens, e leng tloaelo ea motheo ea molao oa setso oa machaba. Ho hlahloba tlhekefetso maemong a tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ho tsoa moralong oa tšireletso ea tlhokofatso ho fana ka monyetla oa ho tiisa kutloisiso ea litlolo tsena le ho totobatsa boitlamo bo botle boo Linaha li nang le bona ho thibela, ho qosa le ho lokisa tlolo e joalo.
B. Likhothaletso
85. Ramolao ea Kgethehileng o ipiletsa ho Linaha tsohle ho:
Ho tiisa thibelo ea tlhokofatso litsing tsohle tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo, tsa sechaba le tsa poraefete, har'a tse ling, ka ho phatlalatsa hore tlhekefetso e etsoang tabeng ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e ka fella ka tlhokofatso kapa sehlōhō, tšoaro e se nang botho kapa e nyenyefatsang kapa kotlo; ho laola mekhoa ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka sepheo sa ho thibela tšoaro e mpe ka lebaka leha e le lefe; le ho kopanya lipehelo tsa thibelo ea tlhokofatso le tšoaro e mpe ho maano a tlhokomelo ea bophelo;
4. Batho ba nang le bokooa kelellong
89. Ramolao ya Ikgethang wa UN o ipiletsa ho Dinaha tsohle ho:
Beha thibelo e felletseng lits'ebetsong tsohle tsa bongaka tse qobelloang le tseo e seng tsa tumellano khahlano le batho ba nang le bokooa, ho kenyeletsoa le tsamaiso e sa lumellaneng ea psychosurgery, motlakase le lithethefatsi tse fetolang kelello tse kang neuroleptics, tšebeliso ea thibelo le ho koalloa u le mong, bakeng sa tšebeliso ea nako e telele le e khutšoanyane. Boikarabello ba ho felisa litšebelisano tse qobelloang tsa mafu a kelello tse ipapisitseng le mabaka a bokooa ke ts'ebetso ea hang-hang 'me mehloli ea lichelete e haellang e ke ke ea fana ka lebaka la ho chechisoa ha eona.
“(d) Hlabolla lipehelo tsa molao tse lumellang ho koalloa ka mabaka a bophelo bo botle ba kelello kapa litsing tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, le mehato efe kapa efe e qobellang kapa kalafo maemong a bophelo bo botle ba kelello ntle le tumello ea mahala le tsebo e tsoang ho motho ea amehang. Melao e lumellang ho hlongoa ha batho ba nang le bokooa ka lebaka la kholofalo ea bona ntle le tumello ea bona ea mahala le tsebo e tlameha ho felisoa.
14 May 2018: Polelo ea Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Machaba a Kopaneng bakeng sa Litokelo tsa Botho, Monghali Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein
"Litsi tsa mafu a kelello, joalo ka lits'ebetso tsohle tse koetsoeng, li hlahisa khethollo le karohano, 'me li qobelloa ho ba karolo e le' ngoe ea ho amohuoa tokoloho ka boomo. Hape, hangata, ke sebaka sa mekhoa e hlekefetsang le e qobellang, hammoho le pefo e ka ’nang ea fella ka tlhokofatso.”
“Kalafo e qobelloang – ho kenyeletsoa meriana e qobelloang le kalafo e qobelloang ea electroconvulsive, hammoho le ho qobelloa ho theha mekhatlo le ho arola - ha ea lokela ho tloaeleha. "
Tlaleho ea Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Litokelo tsa Botho United Nations (A/HRC/39/36) ea la 24 Phupu 2018
Bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litokelo tsa botho
Tlaleho ea Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Litokelo tsa Botho
44. Ho latela lipuisano, ho ile ha etsoa tlhahiso ea likhothaletso tse latelang.
46. Linaha li lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore tlhokomelo le litšebeletso tsohle tsa bophelo bo botle, ho kenyeletsoa le tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello le lits'ebeletso, li thehiloe ho tumello ea mahala le tsebo ea motho ea amehang, le hore litokisetso tsa molao le maano a lumellang tšebeliso ea likhoka le ho kenella ka likhoka, ho kenyeletsoa. ho kena sepetlele ntle le boikhethelo, ho sebelisoa ha lithibelo, ho buuoa ka kelello, meriana e qobelloang, le tse ling. mehato e qobelloang e reretsoeng ho lokisa kapa ho lokisa sekoa se teng kapa se nahanoang, ho kenyeletsoa le tse lumellang tumello kapa tumello ke motho e mong, li hlakotsoe. Linaha li lokela ho hlophisa bocha le ho lemoha litloaelo tsena e le tlhokofatso kapa tšoaro e sehlōhō, e se nang botho kapa e nyenyefatsang kapa kotlo 'me e lekana le khethollo khahlanong le basebelisi ba litšebeletso tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello, batho ba nang le maemo a bophelo bo botle ba kelello le batho ba nang le bokooa ba kelello. Linaha li lokela ho etsa bonnete ba hore li natefeloa le ho sebelisa matla a tsona a molao ka mokhoa o lekanang le oa ba bang ka ho hlakola melao e neng e fana ka liqeto tse nkeloang sebaka, 'me li fane ka: mekhoa e mengata ea ho etsa liqeto e tšehelitsoeng ka boithaopo, ho kenyeletsoa tšehetso ea lithaka, e hlomphang boipuso ba bona. , thato le likhetho; litšireletso khahlanong le tlhekefetso le tšusumetso e sa lokelang ka har'a litokisetso tsa tšehetso; le kabo ea lisebelisoa ho thusa le ho netefatsa boteng ba tšehetso.
14 Loetse 2018: Tlhahiso ea Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa tlaleho ea sehlooho ea Litokelo tsa Botho Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello le Litokelo tsa Botho ka Motlatsi oa Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Litokelo tsa Botho, Mofumahatsana Kate Gilmore.
"LIKETSO JOALOKA PHEKO EA TLAMETSO, E TLAMETSOE HO NYALISA LE HO HLOMELA SEKOETSO HLOKOMELA LITOKELO TSA BATHO, JOALOKAHA HO HLOKAHALA MOLATO HA BA BA NA LE MAEMO A BOPHELO BA KELELONG.”
La 10 Phuptjane 2021: “Tataiso ea Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello: Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa e Ikemetseng ho Batho le e Thehiloeng Litokelong,”
Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo "Tataiso mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello: Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa ea Batho le Litokelo," e nyatsa mekhoa e qobellang ea kelello, eo e reng,
"li atile 'me li sebelisoa ka ho eketsehileng litšebeletsong linaheng ho pota lefatše, ho sa tsotellehe khaello ea bopaki ba hore li fana ka melemo leha e le efe, le bopaki ba bohlokoa ba hore li lebisa kotsing 'meleng le kelellong esita le lefu."[Ii]
“Litokelo tse ling tse ’maloa tsa CRPD ea, ho kenyeletswa Tokoloho kgahlanong le tlhokofatso kapa sehloho, tshwaro e se nang botho kapa e nyenyefatsang kapa kotlo le Tokoloho ya tlhekefetso, dikgoka le tlhekefetso, hape. thibela mekhoa e qobellang joalo ka ho kenoa ka likhoka le kalafo, ho itšehla thajana le ho ithiba, hammoho le tsamaiso ea lithethefatsi tsa antipsychotic, phekolo ea electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) le psychosurgery ntle le tumello ya tsebo. "[Iii]
Litherisano mabapi le mekhoa ea ho lumellanya melao, ho Machaba a Kopaneng (A/HRC/49/29) ea la 2 Hlakola 2022
Kakaretso ea sephetho sa lipuisano mabapi le mekhoa ea ho lumellanya melao, maano le litloaelo tse amanang le bophelo bo botle ba kelello le litloaelo tsa Tumellano ea Litokelo tsa Batho ba nang le Bokooa le mokhoa oa ho li phethahatsa.
Tlaleho ea Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Litokelo tsa Botho
"40. Ka lebaka la lipuisano, Mokomishinara ea Phahameng oa Machaba a Kopaneng oa Litokelo tsa Botho o fana ka maikutlo le litlhahiso tse latelang bakeng sa Linaha le ba bang bohle ba amehang, ho kopanyelletsa le litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle, mabapi le litsela tsa ho lumellana, kamoo ho loketseng, melao, maano le mekhoa e amanang le bophelo bo botle ba kelello. ka lipehelo tsa Tumellano ea Litokelo tsa Batho ba nang le Bokooa le mokhoa oa ho li phethahatsa:
"(c) Ka lebaka la boitlamo ba bona tlas'a Tumellano, Linaha li lokela ho hlakola lipehelo mabapi le ho qobelloa ho theha mekhatlo le ho nkela liqeto sebakeng sa molao le ts'ebetsong. Boitlamo ba Linaha ba ho tlosa mekhatlo e tlameha ho kenyelletsa ho felisa mekhoa ea kalafo ka boithatelo,"
moralo TATAISO EA BOPHELO BA KELELONG, LITOKELO TSA BATHO, LE MOLAO
June 2022
WHO/OHCHR
"Khang e kholo e mabapi le tšebeliso ea kalafo ea electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) le likotsi tse amanang le eona. (171). Slovenia le Luxembourg, ECT ha e fumanehe (172); ’me linaheng tse ngata, tšebeliso ea eona e fokotsehile haholo (173). Ho feta moo, ho na le mehala ea ho nahana ka ho thibela ECT ka botlalo (174, 175). Haeba e lumelletsoe, ECT e tlameha ho tsamaisoa feela ka tumello e nang le tsebo ea motho ea amehang. Melao ea machaba ea litokelo tsa botho e hlakile haholo hore ECT ntle le tumello e hatakela tokelo ea ho tšepahala 'meleng le kelellong 'me e ka bolela tlhokofatso le tšoaro e mpe. (77). Batho ba fuoang ECT le bona ba lokela ho hlokomeloa ka likotsi tsohle tsa eona le litlamorao tse ka bang teng tsa nako e khuts'oane le tse telele, joalo ka tahlehelo ea mohopolo le tšenyo ea boko. (176, 177). "
Lebokose la 24. Seo molao o ka se buang
MOO PHEKO EA ELECTROCONVULSIVE E TSOELA PELE HO SEBELISA, TSAMAISO EA EONA KA NTLE LE TUMELO EA MOTHO E NGOLITSOENG PELE E THIBELITSOE.
171. Bala J, Cunliffe S, Jauhar S, McLoughlin DM. Na re lokela ho khaotsa ho sebelisa electroconvulsive therapy? BMJ. 2019;364:k5233. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k5233.
172. Gazdag G, Takács R, Ungvari GS, Sienaert P. Tloaelo ea ho lumellana le phekolo ea electroconvulsive mokhatlong oa europe. J ECT. 2012;28:4-6. doi: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e318223c63c.
173. Bala J, Harrop C, Geekie J, Renton J, Cunliffe S. Tlhahlobo ea bobeli e ikemetseng ea electroconvulsive therapy in england, 2019: Tšebeliso, palo ea batho, tumello, le ho khomarela litataiso le melao. Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2021;94:603-19. doi: 10.1111/papt.12335.
174. Bala J, Cunliffe S, Jauhar S, McLoughlin DM. Na re lokela ho khaotsa ho sebelisa electroconvulsive therapy? . BMJ. 2019;364:k5233. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k5233.
175. Breggin PR. Electroshock: Litaba tsa mahlale, tsa boitšoaro le tsa lipolotiki. Int J Risk Saf Med. 1998;11:5. (https://www.ectresources.org/ECTscience/Breggin_1998_ECT__Overview.pdf, e fihletsoe ka la 27 Phuptjane 2022).
176. Sackeim H, Prudic J, Fuller R, al. e. Liphello tsa kelello tsa phekolo ea electroconvulsive libakeng tsa sechaba. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007;32:244–54. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301180.
177. Ntlafatso ea taolo ea tsamaiso ea thymatron iv bukana ea litaelo. Somatics; 2018 (https://www.thymatron.com/downloads/System_IV_Regulatory_Update.pdf e fihletsoe ka la 27 Phuptjane 2022).
[I] "Tlaleho ea 'Muelli ea Khethehileng mabapi le tlhokofatso le tšoaro e sehlōhō, e se nang botho kapa e nyenyefatsang kapa kotlo, Juan E. Méndez," Lekhotla la Litokelo Tsa Botho la Machaba a Kopaneng, 1 Feb.2013, https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil /RegularSession/Session22/A.HRC.22.53_Sesotho.pdf
[Ii] "Tataiso mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba tsa Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello: Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa e Thehiloeng ho Batho le Litokelo," Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 10 June 2021, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025707 (ho khoasolla tlaleho)
[Iii] "Tataiso mabapi le Litšebeletso tsa Sechaba sa Bophelo bo Botle ba Kelello: Ho Khothaletsa Mekhoa e Ikemetseng ho Batho le Litokelo," Mokhatlo oa Lefatše oa Bophelo, 10 June 2021, leq. 7.
