I-Anti-Cults - Ukusukela kwiziganeko zaseMaidan kwi-2014, xa ngoko uMongameli u-Yakunovich wanyanzeliswa ukuba arhoxe emva koqhanqalazo olukhulu ezitratweni zase-Ukraine, i-pan-European Anti-cult movement, ekhokelwa yi-European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism. (FECRIS), uye wathatha inxaxheba kumatshini we-propaganda waseRashiya owakhokelela ekugqibeleni kwimfazwe yangoku.
Ngo-2013, emva kokuba i-Ukraine ibikwindlela yaseYurophu kwiminyaka ethile kwaye yayiza kutyikitya isivumelwano somanyano kunye ne-EU eyayiza kuba nobudlelwane obusondeleyo bezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho phakathi kwe-EU ne-Ukraine, imikhosi kaPutin yanyanzela uYakunovich ukuba asitshitshise isivumelwano. . UYakunovich, owayesaziwa njengenkokeli eyonakeleyo exhasa iRashiya, wanikezela waza waqalisa oko kubizwa ngokuba luvukelo lwaseMaidan eUkraine.
Ukubala kwimikhosi yonqulo ngokuchasene neNtshona
I-revolution kaMaidan imele isoyikiso esikhulu engqondweni kaPutin, owathi ke waqala umatshini wepropaganda ukugxeka amagunya amatsha. Ukusukela ngoko, i-rhetoric yaseRussia ngokuchasene nemikhosi emitsha yedemokhrasi yaseUkraine esemandleni, engazange ngokuqinisekileyo ibe yi-Russian, ibandakanya izityholo zokuba ngama-neo-Nazi, kodwa nokuba ngoonodoli bedemokhrasi yaseNtshona efihla i-ajenda echasene neRussia. Ngenxa yobuxoki bakhe, wayebala kakhulu “imikhosi yakhe yonqulo”, ingakumbi iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya, eyayisenempembelelo ebalulekileyo eUkraine.
Iinkokeli eziphambili zeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRussia, njengoPatriarch Kirill, bezisoloko zixhasa iinzame zikaPutin zokususa imikhosi yaseYurophu e-Ukraine, ibatyhola ngokutshutshisa amalungu e-Othodoki ase-Ukraine adityaniswe ne-Moscow Patriarchate (esenokuba yinyani ukusa kumlinganiselo othile. , njengoko okuchaseneyo kwakuyinyaniso kwimimandla elawulwa yiRashiya e-Ukraine), kodwa kwakhona ukusongela umanyano "lwe-Old-Russia"[1], kwaye sisakwenza oko njengoko besibona kutshanje xa uPatriarch Kirill etyhola abo bachasa imfazwe kaPutin. I-Ukraine iya kuba "yimikhosi yobubi".
UAlexander Dvorkin, "ingcali yamahlelo"
UPatriarch Kirill kunye noVladimir Putin banokuphinda bathembele kwintshukumo "yokuchasana nenkolo", eyayikhokelwa nguSekela-Mongameli we-FECRIS Alexander Dvorkin, isazi sezakwalizwi saseRussia-Othodoki esasisoloko sichazwa njengengcali "kwihlelo" ngabasemagunyeni baseRussia. . I-FECRIS yintlangano yaseFransi echasene nenkolo enempembelelo ye-pan-European. Urhulumente waseFransi ubonelela ngesininzi senkxaso-mali ye-FECRIS, kwaye eneneni yasekwa ngumbutho waseFransi ochasene namahlelo obizwa ngokuba yi-UNADFI (i-National Union of Associations for the Defense of Families and Individuals against cults) kwi-1994.
Ekuqaleni korhulumente omtsha waseUkraine owayenyulwe emva kokurhoxa kukaYakunovich, ngoAprili 30, 2014 uAlexander Dvorkin wadliwano-ndlebe nonomathotholo. Ilizwi laseRashiya, iRadiyo yoRhulumente yaseRashiya ephambili (eyathi kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva yatshintsha igama layo Radio Sputnik). U-Dvorkin, owaziswa "njenge-activist kunye no-Sekela-Mongameli we-European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism, engumbutho we-amburella wamaqela achasene namahlelo eYurophu", wacelwa ukuba achaze "ngonqulo olufihliweyo. ajenda ngasemva kweMaidan kunye nengxaki yaseUkraine ”. Emva koko wathumela ubuxoki beLizwe laseRashiya ngendlela ebangel’ umdla[2].
AmaKatolika aseGrike, amaBhaptizi kunye nezinye ezibizwa ngokuba "ziCults" ekujoliswe kuzo
Kolo dliwano-ndlebe, uDvorkin waqala watyhola iCawa Emanyeneyo, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamaKatolika aseGrike, njengonobangela wale mvukelo: “Kukho amaqela onqulo aliqela namahlelo onqulo aliqela anendima ebalaseleyo kwezo ziganeko. Okokuqala, iCawe eManyano lalicele “imfuneko yokubuyela kuphuhliso loxolo eUkraine”, impendulo kaDvorkin yaba kukucacisa ukuba ayinakwenza nto, kuba ngoku iVatican yayikhokelwa ngamaJesuit, awaba ngabalandeli bakaMarxist kakhulu yaye ethanda uguqulo mbuso. iinkulungwane, wongeza ngelithi: “Ewe, uPopu uFrancis wangoku, akanguye nyani umxhasi wenguqu, kodwa indlela aziphethe ngayo ibonisa ukuba uyamkele inxalenye yeli lifa”.
Emva koko uDvorkin uhamba emva kwamaBhaptizi, ebamangalela ngokudlala indima ebalulekileyo eMaidan kwaye babe nobuzwe kakhulu eUkraine. Uqhubela phambili etyhola ngelo xesha iNkulumbuso uYatsenyuk ukuba “ufihlakeleyo Scientologist", ngelixa uzenza i-Uniate: "Kwakukho iingxelo ezininzi zeendaba ezazimbiza Scientologist… Ukuba ebengumntu ovulekileyo Scientologist, ngekuba kubi kakhulu. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, ubuncinci ubuya kuyazi into omawuyilindele kuye. Kodwa xa umntu, ngokwenene uYatsenyuk, wazibiza ngokuba yiGrike Catholic Unitate [ngelixa u-a Scientologist], yaye kwakukho umfundisi waseUniate owaqinisekisa ukuba wayeManye, ndikholelwa ukuba oku kuyingozi kakhulu.” Ke ngendlela yethiyori enomdla, wayichaza into yokuba le yayiyindlela yokuba iCIA imlawule, isebenzisa. Scientology ubuchule ukuze "ulawule ukuziphatha kwakhe nokulawula izenzo zakhe".
Okokugqibela, uDvorkin ukhokele uhlaselo kwinto ayibiza ngokuba yi "neo-paganism", etyhola ukuba ibotshelelwe kwi-neo-Nazis, i-rhetoric ethathe intsingiselo ebaluleke kakhulu kwipropaganda yangoku yaseRussia, njengoko sibona kunye "I-Denazification" ikhuthazwa namhlanje nguPutin ukuba athethelele imfazwe e-Ukraine.
Iileta zothando zikaGerry Amstrong eziya kuPutin
U-Dvorkin akayena yedwa ilungu le-FECRIS elithathe inxaxheba kwi-propaganda ye-anti-West yaseRashiya. Phakathi kwabanye, umxhasi waseKhanada / ilungu le-FECRIS, uGerry Amstrong, wabhala iileta ezimbini eziya kuPutin eziye zapapashwa, enye kwiwebhusayithi yeCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya "proslavie.ru"[3] kunye nenye kwiwebhusayithi ye-FECRIS Russian affiliate[4]. U-Amstrong wayesakuba ngummi waseKhanada Scientologist owaba ngumwexuki weCawa ye Scientology, kwaye ngubani owabhabha waya eCanada ukunqanda ukubanjwa kwakhe emva kokuba egwetywe yinkundla yaseMelika ngenxa yezinye zezinto zakhe ezichaseneyo.Scientology imisebenzi. Kwileta yokuqala, eyapapashwa nge-2 kaDisemba 2014, uthi emva kokuba etyelele eRashiya, “emenywe ngabantu beCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya… Wongezelela ngelithi: “Andizange ndibe ngumchasi-ntshona okanye ndichasene ne-US, nangona ndandizimisele ukunxamnye neNtshona kunye nohanahaniso olunamandla lwaseUnited States.” Emva koko uncoma uPutin ngokunika u-Edward Snowden indawo yokukhosela, kwaye "ukrelekrele kakhulu, unengqondo kunye nomongameli." Emva kokukhalaza malunga nokugwetywa kwakhe e-US, uyabulela uPutin "ngayiphi na into eyenziwa ngamagosa karhulumente wakho ukuququzelela ukuba kwam eRashiya kwaye ndikwazi ukunxibelelana nabemi bakho" kunye nokuma ngokuchasene nesigqibo seNkundla yaseYurophu yamaLungelo oLuntu. wayeyigwebe iRashiya ngokunyhasha amalungelo Scientologists. Emva koko ugxeka iNtshona "ngepropaganda emnyama" ngokumelene noMongameli waseRashiya.
Ngelixa le leta ingayikhankanyi ngokucacileyo iUkraine ibhaliwe kubusuku bexesha elitsha ledemokhrasi yaseUkraine kwaye ihambelana nentetho yaseRussia isoyikiswa ziimbono zaseNtshona kunye neenkonzo, kwaye ibe yeyona ndlela yokugqibela yokugcina "indawo yokuziphatha" ngokuchasene noko. .
Kwileta yakhe yesibini eya kuVladimir Putin, epapashwe nge-26 kaJuni 2018 kwiwebhusayithi yaseRashiya ye-FECRIS, u-Amstrong, owaziswa kwiwebhusayithi njenge "activist yobuKristu" kunye nomhlobo omhle kaMnu Dvorkin - ekuthiwa uye wanyamekela ukuguqulelwa kwenguqulelo. ileta ngesiRashiya - iqala ngokuvuyisana noPutin ngokunyulwa kwakhe kwakhona. Emva koko, uyaqhubeka nokuvuyisana noPutin ngezenzo zakhe eCrimea ehlala kuyo: "Sivuyisana nokuvulwa kwebhulorho yaseCrimea yezithuthi zemoto. Ndivuyisana nelizwe lonke ngempumelelo emangalisa ngolu hlobo. Le yintsikelelo eCrimea nakulo lonke elaseRashiya.” Emva koko uthatha ukhuselo lukaPutin ngokuchasene nephulo elithi "West" libhala ukuba "liyingozi, likhohlakele, linohanahaniso, alinangqiqo kwaye lisekelwe kwiinjongo ezicacileyo"
Le leta ihlabela mgama isithi: “Uyazi ukuba kukho abantu eKhanada nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshona abangalikholelwayo eli phulo lokunyeliswa kuni, baqonde ukuba alilunganga, balibona njengesisongelo, bade bavume ukuba linokusetyenziswa njengesizathu. okanye ukuxhokonxa imfazwe yenyukliya. Kwelinye icala, kulula ukubona ukuba kukho abantu abaninzi phaya abafuna esi soyikiso kunye nezinye izoyikiso ezifanayo ukuba ziphumelele kwaye zikhule, kwaye ukwenza njalo, benza iyelenqe, benze, bahlawule, kwaye bahlawulwe ukwenza esi soyikiso sisebenze. . Kwa aba bantu baqhuba iphulo lokungcolisa igama lakho apha.” Kwakhona, le yintetho yeyelenqe ebaluleke kakhulu, kuba ibeka ityala lemfazwe kwiNtshona kunye nento ebizwa ngokuba yi "smear campaign", eya kuba yimbangela esisiseko yokunyanzeliswa kukaPutin ukuqala imfazwe e-Ukraine.
Ingxelo ye-USCIRF malunga nentshukumo echasene nenkolo eRashiya
Ngo-2020, iKomishoni yase-US yeNkululeko yoNkolo yeZizwe ngeZizwe (USCIRF) yapapasha ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba “Umbutho oChasene namahlelo kunye noLawulo lweNkolo eRashiya nakwindawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union”[5]. Iingxelo zichaza ukuba "Ngelixa zombini ilifa leSoviet kunye neROC [Icawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya] Iimpembelelo ezinkulu, izimo zengqondo zangoku kunye neendlela kwiinkonzo ezincinci zenkolo nazo zivela kwezinye izinto, ezibandakanya uphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lwasemva kweSoviet, umnqweno wolawulo lukaPutin womanyano lwesizwe, uloyiko lomntu malunga nokhuseleko losapho okanye utshintsho ngokubanzi, kunye neenkxalabo zamazwe ngamazwe malunga nokubonwayo. iingozi zemibutho emitsha yeenkolo (NRMs)”. Okumangalisayo kukuba, iya kwiingcambu zentshukumo echasene nenkolo ephuma eNtshona.
Le ngxelo ichaza ukuba emva kowama-2009, “iintetho zemibutho echasene namahlelo norhulumente waseRashiya ziye zaguquka ngokuphawulekayo kule minyaka ilishumi ilandelayo. Echaza iinkxalabo zikaPutin malunga nokhuseleko lokomoya nokuziphatha, uDvorkin wathi ngo-2007 ii-NRMs ngabom 'zenza umonakalo kwiimvakalelo zokuthand' izwe zaseRashiya'. Kwaye kwaqala ngolo hlobo ukudibana, kwaye kutheni iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRashiya kunye ne-Anti-cult movement yaba ngundoqo kwi-ajenda ye-Putin ye-propaganda.
Ithetha ngoDvorkin le ngxelo ithi: “Impembelelo kaDvorkin iye yanda nangaphandle komjikelo wasemva kweSoviet. Ngo-2009, kwangaloo nyaka wamiselwa ukuba abe yintloko yeBhunga leeNgcali zaseRashiya, naye waba nguSekela-Mongameli we-European Federation of Research and Information Centres on Sectarianism (FECRIS), umbutho waseFransi ochasene nonqulo onempembelelo ye-panEuropean. Urhulumente waseFransi unikezela uninzi lwenkxaso-mali ye-FECRIS kwaye iqela lisasaza ipropaganda engalunganga malunga neenkolo ezincinci, kubandakanywa neeforamu zamazwe ngamazwe njengenkomfa ye-OSCE Human Dimensions. Iziko likaDvorkin lelona lungu liphambili leFECRIS eRashiya kwaye lifumana inkxaso yemali evela kwiROC nakurhulumente waseRashiya.”
Ke kwisahluko esibizwa ngokuba "kukunganyamezeli kwamanye amazwe e-Ukraine", i-USCIRF iyaqhubeka: "I-Russia yazisa isakhelo sayo solawulo lwezenkolo xa yahlasela iCrimea ngo-2014, kubandakanya i-symbiosis phakathi kweembono ezichasene nenkolo kunye nokhuseleko lwelizwe. Ulawulo lokuhlasela eUkraine ngokufuthi lusebenzisa imithetho yonqulo ukuze lugrogrise abantu ngokubanzi yaye lujolise kumatshantliziyo akwilizwe lamaTatar aseCrimea.” Ekuqukumbeleni kwayo ingxelo ye-USCIRF ikwenza kucace ukuba “u-Alexander Dvorkin namahlakani akhe baqingqe iindima ezinempembelelo kurhulumente noluntu, bebumba intetho kawonke-wonke ngo. inkolo kumazwe amaninzi.”
Umlo kaDonetsk noLuhansk nxamnye nezinto ezibizwa ngokuba ngamahlelo
Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-Donbass pseudo-states iDonetsk neLuhansk, ibe kuphela kweendawo zehlabathi ezenza ukulwa "namahlelo" kube ngumgaqo-siseko womgaqo-siseko. Iphephancwadi iBitter-Winter elingenkululeko yonqulo lafikelela kweso sigqibo kobo nobunye ubungqina bokukhanyela kwabo inkululeko yonqulo ngenkohlakalo, bathi “okwenzekayo kwiRiphabliki Yabantu baseDonetsk’ kunye ‘neRiphabliki Yabantu YaseLuhansk’ kubonisa ngokucacileyo ulawulo lobuthixo lwamaOthodoki. Iingcamango zikaPutin zicinga 'ngeLizwe LaseRashiya' elinemida yalo baqhubeka beyandisa.”[6]
Ayikokuqala ngqa ukuba intshukumo yeAnti-ihlelo ngokubanzi, kunye neFECRIS ngakumbi, inxulunyaniswe nepropaganda yesizwe kunye nepro-war. iYurophu. Kwingxelo epapashwe ngoJulayi 2005 kwaye isayinwe ngummeli waseFransi kunye noMiroslav Jankovic, owathi kamva waba yi-OSCE National Legal Officer eSerbia, kwachazwa ukuba ummeli we-FECRIS eSerbia wayenguColonel Bratislav Petrovic.[7].
Ixesha elidlulileyo likaFECRIS eSerbia
Ngokwengxelo, uColonel Bratislav Petrovic woMkhosi waseYugoslavia wayekwayi-neuropsychiatrist. Ngexesha lolawulo lweMilosevic, wayekhokela iZiko leMpilo yengqondo kunye neMilitary Psychology ye-Military Academy eBelgrade. Ukusuka kweso sikhundla, wayekhethekileyo ekukhetheni nasekulungiseleleni ngokwasengqondweni amajoni omkhosi kaMilosevic ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe emfazweni. UColonel Petrovic naye waba negalelo ekuthumeleni i-propaganda kaMilosevic yokuba amaSerbs ayengamaxhoba kwaye kungekhona abenzi bokubulala abantu eBosnia, ngokuchasene nazo zonke iingxelo ezithembekileyo ze-UN kulo mbandela.
Le ngxelo ihlabela mgama isithi: “Ngoku uPetrovic usebenzisa ubuchule bakhe bengqondo bokufundisa ukuze ajolise kunqulo oluncinane. Kodwa oku akuqali. Ngowe-1993, ngoxa kwakuhlanjululwa ubuhlanga nonqulo eCroatia naseBosnia, uPetrovic wasebenzisa kwaloo ngcamango ukuze agwebe unqulo oluncinane eSerbia, ezityhola ngokuba yimibutho yabagrogrisi yaye ngokulula nje ezibiza ngokuba ‘ngamahlelo.’”
Ingxelo iqhubeka ngokudwelisa zonke ezibizwa ngokuba yi-cults ezijoliswe yi-FECRIS eSerbia: amaBhaptizi, amaNazarete, ama-Adventist, amaNgqina kaYehova, i-Mormons, i-Pentecostal, i-Theosophy, i-Anthroposophy, i-Alchemy, i-Kabala, amaziko e-Yoga, Ukucamngca ngeTranscendental, iZiko leKarma, iShri Chimnoy, iSai Baba, iHare Krishna, iFalun Gong, iRosicrucian Order, iMasons, njl. Ezi zifana nezo zijoliswe yi-Dvorkin kunye ne-ROC ye-propaganda eRashiya ekuzameni kwabo ukuthethelela ukukhuselwa "kweemvakalelo zokuthand' izwe zaseRashiya" kunye "nokhuseleko lokomoya".
UFECRIS uxhaswa ziinkokeli zamaOthodoki neecawa ezikwezinye iindawo
Eli nyathelo livela kwiFECRIS laxhaswa yiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseSerbia, eyathi, ngamazwi ommeli wakhe uBhishophu Porfirije, yabeka imfuneko yokuba “nedatha yokwenyani ekubhenceni amahlelo elinye nelinye njengamaqela asasaza ukoyikeka kokomoya nogonyamelo”. U-Porfirije uphinde wathi "Ukulwa nobu bubi kuya kuba lula xa uMthetho wemibutho yezenkolo ufika", ebhekisela kumthetho oyilwayo yena noPetrovic ababezama ukuwulungisa. Isilungiso abasifakileyo (kodwa esakhatywayo) sijolise ekunciphiseni amalungelo eenkolo ezincinci eSerbia. Kwakhona, oku kufana nqwa noko kwenzeka eRashiya, ngaphandle nje kokuba eRashiya umthetho osikel’ umda amalungelo onqulo oluncinane olwaluphenjelelwa yiFECRIS wapasiswa waza wasetyenziswa kakhulu nxamnye namaqela onqulo angenabundlobongela.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuba, ummeli we-FECRIS eBelarus unekhonkco kwiwebhusayithi ye-FECRIS edibanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwiwebhusayithi ye-Belarusian Orthodox Church, engeyona nto ingaphantsi kweSebe leCawa yase-Russian Orthodox. Ummeli waseBulgaria we-FECRIS, "Iziko loPhando kwiiNtshukumo eziNtsha zeNkolo", ipapasha kwiwebhusayithi yayo iifowuni ezivela kwi-Bulgarian Orthodox Church ukuba zinganyamezeli "iindibano ezingekho phantsi kwe-canonical".
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kuchazwe yi-USCIRF 2020 ingxelo: "UDvorkin kunye noogxa bakhe abalawuleki kwiingcamango neengcamango zobuOthodoki, kwaye amazwi aphikisanayo ngaphakathi kwecawa [i-ROC] ayigxeka intlangano echasene namahlelo ngokuthembela kwiingcamango ezingathenjwayo kunye nezingezo-canonical. imithombo”. "Amazwi aphikisayo" anjalo akaviwa phakathi kweFECRIS.
[1] I-Rus 'yayiyiqela lamandulo lamaxesha aphakathi, elalihlala kwiRashiya yanamhlanje, eUkraine, eBelarus, nakwamanye amazwe, kwaye ngookhokho bamaRashiya anamhlanje kunye nezinye iintlanga zaseMpuma Yurophu.
[2] Udliwano-ndlebe luka-Alexander Dvorkin Ilizwi laseRashiya, I-30 ngo-Apreli 2014 kwintetho yentetho "Indawo yokutshisa".
[3] https://pravoslavie.ru/75577.html
[4] https://iriney.ru/poslevoennaya-eklektika/sajentologiya/ostanovit-ochernenie-rossii-otkryitoe-pismo-byivshego-sajentologa-vladimiru-putinu.html
[5] https://www.uscirf.gov/publication/anti-cult-movement-and-religious-regulation-russia-and-former-soviet-union
[6] https://bitterwinter.org/donetsk-and-luhansk-denying-religious-liberty/
[7] Ingxelo "Ukunyanzeliswa kweeNkolo eziNcinane zeNkolo eSerbia: Indima edlalwa yi-European Federation of Centres of Research and Information on Sectarianism (FECRIS)" - 27 Julayi 2005 nguPatricia Duval noMiroslav Jankovic.
