Umfanekiso wesiphekepheke se-NASA sikaGalileo senyanga kaJupiter i-Io, inyanga yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ikhredithi: NASA/JPL/Dyunivesithi yaseArizona
Uphononongo lukaRutgers lubonisa indlela entsha yeendunduma ezinokuthi zenzeke kwimigangatho eyahlukeneyo yasesibhakabhakeni.
Izazinzulu kudala zicinga ukuba njani JupiterInyanga engaphakathi, i-Io, ineenduli ezijikelezayo ezintle njengayo nayiphi na into enokubonwa kwimiboniso bhanyabhanya efana ne "Dune." Ngoku, uphononongo lophando lweRutgers lubonise ingcaciso entsha yendlela iindunduma ezinokuthi zenzeke ngayo nakumphezulu womkhenkce kwaye uqengqeleka njengee-Io.
Uphononongo, olupapashwe kwiphephancwadi Nature Communications nge-19 ka-Epreli 2022, isekwe kuphononongo lweenkqubo zomzimba ezilawula ukuhamba okuziinkozo kunye nohlalutyo lwemifanekiso evela kubuthunywa beminyaka eli-14. NASA's Galileo spacecraft, evumele ukuyilwa kweemephu zokuqala ezinenkcukacha zenyanga zikaJupiter. Uphando olutsha kulindeleke ukuba lwandise ukuqonda kwethu kwezenzululwazi ngeempawu zokwakheka komhlaba kwezi zijikelezi-langa.
"Izifundo zethu zalatha kumathuba e-Io 'njengehlabathi elitsha lendunduma,'" watsho umbhali wokuqala uGeorge McDonald, umphandi wasemva kobugqirha kwiSebe le-Rutgers' Earth and Planetary Sciences. "Sicebise, kwaye savavanya ngokobungakanani, isixhobo apho iinkozo zesanti zinokushukuma, kwaye ke iindunduma zinokubakho apho."
Iindunduma ezinokwenzeka kwinyanga yeJupiter Io. Uhlalutyo lubonisa ukuba izinto ezimnyama (ezantsi ngasekhohlo) kutsha nje kufakwe impompozo yelava, ngelixa iimpawu eziphinda-phindayo, ezinjengomgca ezilawula umfanekiso zinokubakho iindunduma. Iindawo eziqaqambileyo, ezimhlophe zingaziinkozo ezisanda kufakwa njengoko udaka luqukuqela lube ngumphunga olukufuphi neqabaka. Ikhredithi: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Rutgers
Ukuqonda kwangoku kwezenzululwazi kuyalela ukuba iindunduma, ngokwendalo yazo, ziinduli okanye iinduli zesanti ezifunjwe ngumoya. Kwaye oosonzululwazi kuphononongo lwangaphambili lwe-Io, ngelixa bechaza umphezulu wayo njengoneempawu ezifana neengqumba zentlabathi, bagqibe kwelokuba iinduli azinakuba ziingqumba zentlabathi kuba amandla asuka kwimimoya e-Io abuthathaka ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphantsi lwe-atmosfera yenyanga.
“Lo msebenzi usixelela ukuba iimeko ezingqongileyo ezifumaneka kuzo iindunduma zahluke kakhulu kunokwakudala, umhlaba ongenasiphelo wasentlango kwiindawo ezithile zoMhlaba okanye kwiplanethi eyintsomi iArrakis 'eDune,'” utshilo uMcDonald.
I-mission ye-Galileo, eyaqala ngo-1989 ukuya ku-2003, yangena kwii-firsts zesayensi ezininzi kangangokuba abaphandi ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje basafunda idatha eqokelelweyo. Olunye uluvo oluphambili olufunyenwe kwidatha yayibubungakanani obuphezulu bentshukumo yentaba-mlilo e-Io - kakhulu kangangokuba iintaba-mlilo zayo ziphinda-phinda kwaye ziphinde ziphinde zivele kwihlabathi elincinci.
Umphezulu we-Io ngumxube wokuqukuqela kwelava emnyama eqinileyo kunye nesanti, imijelo yelava “ephuphumayo”, kunye “nekhephu” lesulphur dioxide. Izazinzulu zisebenzisa i-equations zemathematika ukulinganisa amandla kwingqolowa enye ye-basalt okanye iqabaka kwaye ibale indlela yayo. Xa i-lava iqukuqela kwi-sulphur dioxide engaphantsi komphezulu wenyanga, ukuphuma kwayo “kuxinene kwaye kuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuze kushukume iinkozo e-Io kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvumele ukwakheka kweempawu ezinkulu ezinjengeengqumba zentlabathi,” utshilo uMcDonald.
Bakuba abaphandi beyile indlela ezinokuthi zenze ngayo iindunduma, bajonga kwiifoto zomphezulu we-Io othathwe sisiphekepheke saseGalileo ukuze bafumane ubungqina obungakumbi. Izithuba phakathi kweecrests kunye nomlinganiselo wobude ukuya kububanzi abawubonileyo wawungqinelana neendlela zeendunduma ezibonwa eMhlabeni nakwezinye iiplanethi.
"Umsebenzi onje uvumela ngokwenene ukuba siqonde indlela i-cosmos esebenza ngayo," kusho uLujendra Ojha, umbhali kunye noprofesa oncedisayo kwiSebe lezeNzululwazi zeplanethi. "Ekugqibeleni, kwisayensi yeplanethi, yile nto sizama ukuyenza."
Isalathiso: "Uthutho lwentlenga ye-Aeolian kwi-Io ukusuka kwintsebenziswano ye-lava-frost" nguGeorge D. McDonald, uJoshua Méndez Harper, uLujendra Ojha, uPaul Corlies, uJosef Dufek, uRyan C. Ewing noLaura Kerber, nge-19 ka-Epreli 2022, Nature Communications.
INGXELO: 10.1038 / s41467-022-29682-x
Eli phepha laliquka nababhali abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseOregon, iMassachusetts Institute of Technology, Texas A&M University kunye neJet Propulsion Laboratory kwiCalifornia Institute of Technology.
