Kunye nabathunywa abavela kumazwe angamaLungu, imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, kunye neeyunivesithi ezihambayo, kunye noosomashishini abafuna iindlela zokuphuhlisa ngokuzinzileyo "i-Blue Economy", kukho ithemba lokuba esi siganeko, esenzeka kwisixeko sasePortugal saseLisbon phakathi kwe-27 Juni kunye Nge-1 kaJulayi, iya kuphawula ixesha elitsha loLwandlekazi.
1. Lixesha lokugxila kwizisombululo
INkomfa yokuqala, ngo-2017, yabonwa njengenguqu yomdlalo ekwaziseni ihlabathi ngeengxaki zoLwandle. Ngokutsho kukaPeter Thomson, uMthunywa oKhethekileyo kaNobhala Jikelele we-UN kuLwandle, ILisbon "iza kuba malunga nokubonelela ngezisombululo kwezo ngxaki".
Esi siganeko senzelwe ukubonelela ngesithuba kuluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe ukuba luqhubele phambili ukwamkelwa kwezisombululo ezitsha, ezisekelwe kwisayensi zolawulo oluzinzileyo lweelwandle, kuquka ukulwa ne-asidi yamanzi, ungcoliseko, ukuloba ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokulahleka kweendawo zokuhlala kunye neentlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Inkomfa yalo nyaka nayo iya kumisela umgangatho wamabhongo eZizwe eziManyeneyo Ishumi leNzululwazi yoLwandle kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (2021-2030). Ishumi leminyaka liya kuba ngumxholo ophambili kule nkomfa, kwaye liya kuba ngumxholo wemisitho emininzi ebalulekileyo, ibeka umbono wolwandle olunempilo, oluzinzileyo.
I-UN imisele iithagethi ezili-10 ezinxulumene nolwandle ekufuneka ziphunyezwe kule minyaka ilishumi, njengenxalenye ye I-Ajenda yowama-2030 kuPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, iplani yoMbutho yekamva elinobulungisa ebantwini nakwiplanethi. Ziquka isenzo sokuthintela nokunciphisa ungcoliseko kunye neasidi, ukukhusela indalo, ukulawula ukuloba, nokwandisa ulwazi lwenzululwazi. Kule nkomfa, iingxoxo ezisebenzisanayo ziya kugxila kwindlela yokujongana nemininzi yale miba.
Indima yolutsha iya kuba yinto ephambili e-Lisbon, kunye noosomashishini abancinci, besebenza kwiisombululo ezintsha, ezisekelwe kwisayensi kwiingxaki ezinzima, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yengxoxo.
Ukususela nge-24 ukuya kwi-26 kaJuni, baya kuthatha inxaxheba kwi IForam yoLutsha kunye neNguqulelo, iqonga elijoliswe ekuncedeni oosomashishini abancinci kunye nabasunguli bezinto ezintsha ukunyusa amanyathelo abo, iiprojekthi kunye neengcinga zabo, ngokubonelela ngoqeqesho lobuchwephesha, kunye nokudibanisa nabacebisi, abatyali-zimali, icandelo labucala kunye namagosa karhulumente.
Iforamu iya kubandakanya "i-Innovathon," apho amaqela abathathi-nxaxheba abahlanu baya kusebenzisana ukudala kunye nokuphakamisa izisombululo ezintsha zolwandle.
2. Imiba iphezulu
Ulwandle lusinika sonke ioksijini, ukutya kwanendlela yokuphila. Ikhulisa iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenakucingelwa, kwaye ixhasa ngokuthe ngqo impilo-ntle yabantu, ngokutya kunye nemithombo yamandla.
Ngaphandle kokuba ngumthombo wobomi, ulwandle luyiminzisa imozulu kwaye lugcina ikharbhon, lusebenza njengendawo enkulu yokuntywila kwiigesi zegreenhouse.
Ngoku ka Idatha ye-UN, malunga ne-680 yezigidi zabantu bahlala kwiindawo ezisezantsi eziselunxwemeni, ukunyuka ukuya kwibhiliyoni enye ngo-2050..
Kwaye, uhlalutyo lwamva nje luqikelela ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezingama-40 baya kuqeshwa kumashishini aselwandle ekupheleni kweli shumi leminyaka.
3. Kujongwe iKenya nePortugal
Nangona iNkomfa iqhutyelwa ePortugal, ibanjwe yiKenya, apho i-65 pesenti yabemi baselunxwemeni bahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, bebandakanyeka ngokuyinhloko ekulobeni, ezolimo, kunye nemigodi ukuze baziphilise.
KuBernadette Loloju, umhlali waseSamburu County, eKenya, ulwandle lubalulekile kubantu belizwe lakhe kuba lubavumela ukuba bafumane izinto ezininzi abazidingayo. “Ulwandle lunezinto ezininzi eziphilayo eziquka iintlanzi. Ikwasinika nokutya. Xa sisiya kwisixeko saseMombasa, sonwabela ulwandle kwaye siqubhe, songeza kulonwabo lwethu”.
Nzambi Matee, Inkqubo yeNdawo ye-UN (UNEP) Intshatsheli eselula yoMhlaba ophumeleleyo, yabelana ngombono ofanayo. UNzambi uhlala eNairobi, eKenya, kwaye ungumseki we Abenzi beGjenge, evelisa izinto zokwakha ezizinzileyo ezinexabiso eliphantsi ezenziwe ngenkunkuma yeplastiki esetyenzisiweyo.
UNksz. Matee uthatha inkunkuma yeplastiki elwandle, elotywa ngabalobi, ayiguqule ibe zizitena zokugaqa – “umsebenzi wam wokurisayikilishwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki ephuma elwandle undincede ukuba ndiqeshe ulutsha nabasetyhini abangaphezu kwe-113, abathi xa bebonke bavelise izitena ezingama-300,000. Ndiphila elwandle, ngoko ke ulwandle bubomi kum,” utshilo.
Umdla wolwandle kwabelwana ngawo kunye nePortugal, elona lizwe likhulu kunxweme lweYuropu yeLungu leLungu leLungu leekhilomitha ezizizigidi ezine zonxweme oluqhubekayo, kwaye ngenxa yoko, ilizwe elidlala indima esembindini kunxweme lweAtlantiki.
"Ukulindela kwethu kwiNkomfa ye-UN Oceans kukuba iya kuba yinkomfa malunga nesenzo kwaye kungekhona nje ngokuzibophezela", utsho uCatarina Grilo, uMlawuli wezoLondolozo kunye noMgaqo-nkqubo. Associação Natureza Portugal (ANP), umbutho ongekho phantsi kukarhulumente osebenza ngokuhambelana neWorld Wildlife Fund (WWF). I-ANP iqhuba iiprojekthi ezininzi kwimimandla yokhuseleko lwaselwandle, ushishino lokuloba oluzinzileyo, kunye nolondolozo lolwandle.
“Inkomfa yangaphambili eNew York ibilixesha elilungileyo lokwazisa ngendima yeelwandle kwintlalontle yoluntu. Ngelo xesha sasinezibophelelo ezininzi zokuzithandela ezivela kuMazwe angamaLungu kunye nemibutho engekho karhulumente, kodwa ngoku lixesha lokusuka kumazwi uye kwizenzo".
4. Ulwandle kunye nemozulu yehlabathi zinxibelelene ngokwenene
Ulwandle nemozulu yehlabathi ziphembelelana ngeendlela ezininzi. Njengoko imeko yemozulu iqhubeka nokuba sisoyikiso esikhoyo, kukho iimethrikhi eziphambili ezijongwe ngoosonzululwazi.
Ngokutsho ingxelo yamva nje yokutshintsha kwemozulu evela kuMbutho weHlabathi weMeteorological (WMO) amaqondo olwandle aphakathi kwehlabathi anyuke ngomyinge we-4.5 mm ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2013 no-2021, ngenxa yokunyibilika kwamaqhekeza omkhenkce ngesantya esonyukayo.
Ulwandle lufunxa malunga neepesenti ezingama-23 zeCO2 eveliswa yimisebenzi yabantu, kwaye xa isenzeka, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwenzeka, okwenza amanzi olwandle abe neasidi. Oko kubeka iindawo zaselwandle emngciphekweni kwaye, okukhona amanzi esiba neasidi ngakumbi, kokukhona i-CO2 ingaphantsi ikwazi ukufunxa.
USamuel Collins, umphathi weprojekthi Isiseko seOceano Azul, eLisbon, ikholelwa ukuba le nkomfa iza kusebenza njengebhulorho eya kwiCOP27, eza kuba seSharm El-Sheikh, eYiputa ngalo Novemba.
“Ulwandle lubalulekile kwimozulu. Igcina i-94 pesenti yendawo yokuhlala kwiplanethi. Ndiyakwazi ukurhoxa kumanani asothusayo sonke.” utsho njalo lo waseSkotlani oneminyaka engama-27 ubudala.
“Isizathu sokuba iimveliso esizithengayo evenkileni zingabizi kakhulu kukuba iinqanawa zithutha iipesenti ezingama-90 zempahla emakhayeni ethu, ngoko kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba sidityaniswe nolwandle, nokuba ulilizwe elivaliweyo okanye ulilizwe elivaliweyo. hayi. Akukho nto iphilayo emhlabeni engachatshazelwanga luLwandle”.
5. Yintoni onokuyenza ukuze uncede?
Sabuza ezinye iingcali - kubandakanywa uCatarina Grilo kunye ne-biologist uNuno Barros kwi-ANP, kunye no-Sam Collins e-Oceano Azul Foundation - yintoni abemi abanokuyenza ukukhuthaza uqoqosho oluzinzileyo lwe-blue, ngelixa belinde abenzi bezigqibo kunye neenkokheli zehlabathi ukuba baqhubele phambili ekusebenzeni. Nazi ezinye iimbono onokuthi uzibandakanye kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla:
- Ukuba utya intlanzi, hlukanisa ukutya kwakho ngokwemiqathango ukutya kwaselwandle, ungasoloko usitya uhlobo olufanayo. Kwakhona kuphephe ukutya amarhamncwa aphezulu kwaye uqiniseke ukuba into oyityayo ivela kwimithombo enoxanduva.
- Thintela ungcoliseko lweplastiki: nge-80 pesenti yongcoliseko lwaselwandle olusuka emhlabeni, yenza indima yakho ukunqanda ungcoliseko olufikelela elwandle. Unokunceda ngokusebenzisa iimveliso ezinokuphinda zisebenziseke, uphephe ukusebenzisa izinto ezilahlwayo, kwaye ukwaqinisekisa ukuba ubeka inkunkuma yakho kwimigqomo efanelekileyo.
- Chola inkunkuma elunxwemeni, kwaye musani ukulahla. Kodwa kwakhona cinga ukuba naliphi na inyathelo onokuthi ulithabathe ukunciphisa indawo yakho yokusingqongileyo liya kunceda ulwandle ngendlela engathanga ngqo.
- Qhubeka nokuthethelela izisombululo, nokuba kusezitalatweni, ubhalela abenzi bezigqibo iileta, utyikitya izikhalazo, okanye amaphulo axhasayo ezijolise ekuphembeleleni abenzi bezigqibo, kwinqanaba lesizwe okanye kwinqanaba lehlabathi.
Iindaba ze-UN ziya kuba seLisbon ukugubungela iNkomfa yoLwandle, ngoko unokulindela amabali eendaba, udliwano-ndlebe, kunye neempawu kunye neengcali, ulutsha, kunye namazwi e-UN.
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