Umembi wezinto zakudala waseBritani uAdrian Marsden wanikela ingxelo ngeziphumo zohlolisiso lobuncwane obafunyanwa kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo eNorfolk County. Eyona nto ixabisekileyo ifunyenwe yayiziingqekembe ezilishumi zegolide zaseRoma - i- aureus, ezenziwe ngexesha lolawulo luka-Octavian Augustus. Umphandi ukholelwa ukuba ubuncwane bangcwatywa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD, kumashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kuqale uloyiso lwaseRoma eBritani. Ngokoqikelelo lwakhe, esi sixa-mali silingana nomvuzo weminyaka emibini womkhosi wamajoni. Oku kuxelwe kwinqaku elipapashwe kwiphephancwadi iThe Searcher.
Kwamazwe amaninzi, akuvumelekanga ukwenza uphando lwe-archaeological field ngaphandle kwemvume ekhethekileyo - iphepha elivulekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zobugcisa zokukhangela, umzekelo, ii-detectors zetsimbi okanye i-radars, umphulaphuli uya kujongana nesohlwayo esinzima. Esi sithintelo sibonakala siyimfuneko, ekubeni kungekhona kuphela i-artifact ngokwayo ibalulekile ku-archaeologists (nangona ekugqibeleni iphelile kunye nabo, kwaye ayihlali kwingqokelela yangasese), kodwa kunye nomxholo apho ifunyenwe khona. Ukukhangela kwe-Amateur kugcwele ukutshatyalaliswa okungenakuhlawuleka kwezikhumbuzo kunye neengqimba zenkcubeko, ezinokuthi, ngendlela, zilale nje iisentimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kumphezulu wale mihla. Kodwa ukuvalwa okunjalo akukho kuwo onke amazwe. Ke, i-archeology yama-amateur iyachuma eDenmark, apho inxalenye ebalulekileyo yezinto ezifunyenweyo zezeViking Age (1, 2, 3). Ukubandakanyeka ekufuneni izinto zakudala kunye nabahlali base-UK. Ngokomzekelo, kunyaka ophelileyo kwaxelwa ukuba iBritane uKat Giles wafumana ubuncwane beViking yesine kwi-Isle of Man kwiminyaka emithathu.
UAdrian Marsden ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford ubonise iziphumo zohlolisiso lobutyebi obafunyanwa kwiminyaka eliqela eyadlulayo kwisithili saseNgilani saseNorfolk. Ngo-2017, kufutshane nesixeko saseNorwich, uDamon noDenise Pye bafumana ingqekembe yamandulo, ilandelwa zizinto ezintsha: ngaphezulu kwekhulu leengqekembe zobhedu zaseRoma ezenziwe kwiinkulungwane ezintathu zokuqala zexesha lethu, iidenariyo ezimbini, iibrotshi ezininzi zamaRoma kunye nesitayile esidala. . Ukufota emoyeni kwindawo efunyenweyo kubonise ukuba indunduma yayakhelwe kwesi siza kwiBronze Age, eyathi kamva yasetyenziswa ukwenza i-cache yeengqekembe.
Eyona nto ifunyenweyo ziingqekembe ezithe saa kwindawo encinci. NgokukaMarsden, akukho mathandabuzo okuba babeyimbumba enye. Yayiquka i- aureus - iingqekembe zegolide zaseRoma zamandulo ezakhutshwa ngexesha lomlawuli wokuqala waseRoma u-Octavian Augustus (27 BC - 14 AD). Zonke iingqekembe zenziwa kwisixeko saseLungdum (ngoku eyiFrench Lyon). Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, zilishumi ezo zixhobo zifunyenwe kwaye iMarsden ikholelwa ukuba kuya kufunyanwa ngakumbi. Mhlawumbi isitya apho ezi ngqekembe zazigcinwe kwindawo ethile phantsi komhlaba olinyiweyo.
Umvubukuli ucebisa ukuba ubuncwane bangcwatywa kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yokuqala ye-AD, malunga nesizukulwana ngaphambi kokuqala koloyiso lwaseRoma lwaseBritane (1 AD). Ngelo xesha, isizwe samaCeltic sase-Iceni sasihlala eNorfolk, inkokeli yayo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yoku-43 yayingumhlobo waseRoma. Lo mphengululi waphawula ukuba iingqekembe zegolide zaseRoma azifane zifike eMpuma Anglia, nasemva kokuba eso siqithi soyisiwe. Ngokombono wakhe, i-aureses ezilishumi ezifunyenweyo zifaniswa nee-aureses ezisithoba ezifunyenwe yi-legionnaire njengomvuzo wonyaka phakathi kwekhulu le-1. Kodwa aba bamva, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ekuboneleleni, kwanyanzeleka ukuba bachithe imali eziinkozo ezintlanu ngokutya, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto. Ngaloo ndlela, ubutyebi obufunyenweyo buphantse bulingane nomvuzo weminyaka emibini wejoni.
Ifoto: Adrian Marsden / Umkhangeli, 2022
