Abahlohli beelwimi zasemzini (uLettori) abavela kwiiyunivesithi kulo lonke elase-Itali bahlanganisene eRoma ngoLwesibini odlulileyo beqhankqalaza ngokuchasene neemeko zokusebenza ezinocalucalulo abebephantsi kwazo amashumi eminyaka. Olu qhankqalazo lwenziwa ngaphandle kwee-ofisi zomphathiswa onobuchule kweli tyala, uMphathiswa weMfundo ePhakamileyo noPhando, uAnna Maria Bernini.
Bengothuswa kukuna kwemvula enkulu nethe gqolo ukuna, abakwaLettori, kwirota neelwimi zabo zenkobe, bacele uMphathiswa uBernini ukuba aphelise ucalucalulo kubafundisi-ntsapho abangengabo abesizwe ezidyunivesiti. Iiplacards kunye neebhanile kuzo zonke iilwimi zeManyano zibhekiselele kwizigwebo zeNkundla yezoBulungisa ye-European Union (CJEU) exhasa iLettori, izigwebo ezingazange zisetyenziswe yi-Itali.
NgoSeptemba ka-2021, iKhomishini yaseYurophu yavula inkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene ne-Italiya ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwayo ukuphumeza isigwebo se-CJEU sika-2006. Ityala C-119/04 , okokugqibela kwe 4 imithetho ngokuthanda iLettori kumgca wezomthetho obuyela emva kwiseminal UAllué uyalawula 1989. Usuku lwePilar Allué. isiqwenga esipapashwe kwi The European Times ngoMeyi walo nyaka ubalisa indlela i-Italiyane ekwazile ngayo ukubalekela izibophelelo zayo kwiLettori phantsi kwesinye nesinye sezi zigqibo zeCJEU ukusukela ngo-1989 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukuphunyezwa kwesigwebo sika-2006 kufuneke ukuba iidyunivesiti zihlawule iindleko zokwakhiwa ngokutsha kwekhondo lomsebenzi ukususela kumhla wokuqeshwa kokuqala ukuya eLetterri ngokusekwe kubuncinane beparameter yomphandi wexeshana okanye iiparamitha ezincomekayo eziphumeleleyo phambi kweenkundla zase-Italiya, njengoko kubonelelwe ngaphantsi. imiqathango yomthetho waseTaliyane kaMatshi 2004, umthetho owavunywa yiCJEU. Ngokukhawuleza emva kwesigwebo sika-2006, iinkundla zasekuhlaleni zazisoloko zinika iLetterri ezo nzame.
Kodwa, kwezona nzame zinzima zokubaleka umthetho wetyala laseLetteri weNkundla, i-Italiya yawisa uMthetho weGelmini ka-2010, umthetho owawutolika ngokuphindaphindiweyo umthetho wawo kaMatshi 2004 ngendlela ethintelayo ebeka imida ekwakhiweni ngokutsha kwekhondo lomsebenzi. kwiLetterri, imida akukho ndawo ivunyiweyo kwisigwebo sika-2006. Emva koko, ummiselo wobuphathiswa ka-2019 wobunzima bolawulo lwe-Byzantine ngokufanayo wajongelwa phantsi kwaye wacutha ulungiso olufunekayo phantsi kwesigwebo seNkundla.
I-Asso.CEL.L, umbutho ongarhumiyo owasekwa kwiYunivesithi yaseRome “La Sapienza”, eyona yunivesithi inkulu eYurophu, ungummangali kwiinkqubo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho yeKomishoni nxamnye ne-Itali. Ukuqinisekisa ubukho kunye nokuzingisa kolwaphulo-mthetho ubungqina obunikelwe ngabamangali bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoncedo lweFLC CGIL, eyona manyano yabasebenzi inkulu eItali, iAsso.CEL.L iqhube a ubalo lwesizwe yeLetterri eqeshwe okanye edla umhlala-phantsi kwiiyunivesithi zase-Italiya. Ubalo lwabantu kwiDyunivesithi yiDyunivesithi eyanelisa ukoneliseka kweKhomishini yokungahlawulwa kweendawo zokuhlala phantsi kwesigwebo sika-2006.
I-Letterri, eya e-Italiya ukuza kufundisa ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko yamazwe abo kwiidyunivesithi, ngabemi belizwe phantse kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu. EU. Abaninzi ngoku bathathe umhlala-phantsi ngaphandle kokuba basebenze phantsi kweemeko zokulingana konyango ngexesha lomsebenzi wabo. Ipenshoni abayifumanayo ngokusekelwe kwimivuzo emincinci kunye nocalucalulo abayifumanayo kwimisebenzi yabo ibabeka ngaphantsi komgangatho wentlupheko kumazwe abo. ULetterri osele esidla umhlala-phantsi uphume ngamandla kuqhankqalazo lwangoLwesibini.
Kwintetho eyamkelwe kakuhle koogxa bakhe abahlanganiseneyo, umququzeleli wesizwe we-FLC CGIL Lettori, uJohn Gilbert, umhlohli e-Università di Firenze, ukhumbule imbali yezomthetho kunye neyomthetho ye-Lettori kwaye wachaza amanyathelo amva nje ombutho wakhe egameni likaLettori. . Oku kuquka iphulo elaphembelela bonke Ii-MEP zase-Italiya ngenkxaso yazo kunye neeleta ezivela kuNobhala-Jikelele uSig. UFrancesco Sinopoli kuMkomishinala weMisebenzi kunye namaLungelo eNtlalo, uNicholas Schmit, ebeka ityala lokuhambisa iinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwinqanaba lokucinga. Ngolu bhengezo, i-FLC CGIL ifuna ukutshutshisa urhulumente kazwelonke ngokuphathwa kwakhe ngocalucalulo kubantu abangengabo abesizwe.
Ukubeka ilungelo lokulinganisa unyango kumxholo wamalungelo onke abemi baseYurophu, ikhomishini ithi ilungelo "mhlawumbi lelona lungelo libalulekileyo phantsi komthetho woluntu kunye neyona nto ibalulekileyo yobumi baseYurophu". Yintoni ekufuneka ibe lilungelo elizenzekelayo libanjiwe kwi-Lettori amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokungathobeli kwe-Italian.
Ukuba amalungiselelo akhoyo avumela imeko apho i-Italiya inokungahoyi izigwebo zeLettori zeNkundla yoBulungisa ngokungohlwaywa ngunobangela wokuxhalaba kuMEP wase-Ireland uClare Daly. Yena umbuzo wepalamente kwiKhomishoni, esayinwe yi-7 yezinye i-MEPs zase-Ireland, igxininisa izibophelelo zeSivumelwano eziza kunye neenzuzo zobulungu be-EU.
Isiqendu esifanelekileyo sombuzo sifanelekile ukucaphula igama negama:
"Iiyunivesithi zaseItali zifumana inkxaso-mali evela kwi-EU. I-Itali ifumene esona sabelo sikhulu seNgxowa-mali yoBuyiselo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, inqobo yokubuyisela ifuna ukuba i-Italiya ithobele umthetho kwaye iphumeze esona sigwebo samva nje se-CJEU esixhasa i-lettori: ityala C-119/04. "
Ngelixa sivuma amanyathelo kunye nenkxaso yeKomishoni, bekukho ukungabi namonde phakathi kweLettori ekhoyo kuqhanqalazo lwangoLwesibini malunga nokucotha kwenkqubo yokwaphulwa komthetho. Kwi upapasho ngoSeptemba 2021 ibhengeza ukuvulwa kweengxoxo, iKomishoni yathi "i-Italiyane ngoku ineenyanga ezimbini zokulungisa iziphene ezichongiweyo yiKomishoni." Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inonyaka owongeziweyo kulo mhla ubekiweyo, unyaka apho kungekho nkqubela ibambekayo yenziweyo, imeko yemicimbi eyandisa ngakumbi ixesha localucalulo olwaqale lwagwetywa kwisigwebo se-Allué seminal ka-1989.
Ngenxa yokulula kwesisombululo, ukungasebenzi ixesha elide kwe-Italiya kunye nokubekel' amangomso izinto kunye noLettori. Njengoko isithethi emva kwesithethi kuqhanqalazo lwangoLwesibini sabonisa, konke okufunekayo ukuphumeza isigwebo kwi-Case C-119/04 kukuchonga abaxhamli be-Allué jurisprudence kunye nokuvuselela imisebenzi yabo ngokubhekisele kwisikali somvuzo wabaphandi bexeshana. okanye iparamitha ezincomekayo ezinikezelwe ziinkundla zasekuhlaleni zaseItali. Enyanisweni, ngumbandela wezibalo ezilula umbutho osebenzayo onokuwufeza ngokulula kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
U-Kurt Rollin ngummeli we-Asso.CEL.L we-Lettori edla umhlala-phantsi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokufundisa ukusuka kwi-1982 ukuya kwi-2017 "kwiYunivesithi yaseLa Sapienza", iRoma yahamba ngokuhambelana nexesha elikhulayo lokudityaniswa ngaphakathi kwe-EU. Ukanti, ngokufanayo noogxa bakhe abadla umhlala-phantsi, ilungelo lakhe leSivumelwano sokulingana konyango lalibanjelwe yonke iminyaka yenkonzo yakhe.
Kuqhanqalazo olungaphandle kweSebe lezeMfundo eRoma, kunye nokuphinda iimvakalelo ze-MEPs zaseIreland, uMnu Rollin uthe.: “Ngokomdla wokuhambelana neenqobo zeSivumelwano, ukuthotyelwa komthetho we-EU kufuneka kube ngumqathango opheleleyo kumazwe angamalungu afumana inkxaso-mali ye-EU. Akulunganga ukuba ilizwe elilungu libambe ngokungohlwaywayo ilungelo leSivumelwano lokulingana konyango. Okwangoku, iKomishoni kufuneka ikhawuleze iqhubele phambili iinkqubo ukuya kwinqanaba eliqiqiweyo lokucinga”.
Kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, utshintshiselwano phakathi kweKomishoni kunye namazwe angamalungu ekucingelwa ukuba aphule izibophelelo zawo zeSivumelwano zikhuselwe yimfuno yenkqubo yokugcina imfihlo. Ukuphendula kwiileta zamva nje ezivela ku-Asso.CEL.L kunye noNobhala-Jikelele we-FLC uSig. UFrancesco Sinopoli ebiza ukuqhubela phambili kwenkqubo ukuya kwinqanaba loluvo oluqiqiweyo, iKhomishoni yaphendula ngokwezopolitiko ukuba kungekudala iza kuthatha isigqibo malunga netyala likaLetterri.
