Udliwano-ndlebe noNjingalwazi uGqr. Archil Metreveli, iNtloko ye Iziko Lenkululeko Yonqulo leYunivesithi yaseGeorgia
UJan-Leonid Bornstein: Sivile kuwe malunga nenyathelo elitsha lowiso-mthetho le uRhulumente waseGeorgia malunga nokungenisa idrafti yeKhowudi entsha yoKhuselo NgoDisemba ka-2022. Kwimeko yokwamkelwa kwenguqulelo engenisiweyo yoYilo, umthetho osebenzayo, okhulula (urhoxisa) abaPhathiswa bayo nayiphi na inkolo kwinkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini, iya kurhoxiswa. . Ziziphi iingozi ozibonayo kweli nyathelo litsha?
Archil Metreveli: Ukuchaneka ngakumbi, oku akusiyo "ingozi" kodwa "yinyani ecacileyo" eya kwenziwa ukuba olu hlengahlengiso lomthetho lwamkelwe. Oko kukuthi, umgaqo oqaliweyo uya kubhangisa amathuba okuba abaPhathiswa beenkonzo ezincinci, okuthetha ukuba zonke iinkonzo ngaphandle kweCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia, bangenelwe ekukhululweni kwinkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini.
UJan-Leonid Bornstein: Ngaba ungacacisa ukuze abafundi bethu baqonde imiceli mngeni ngcono?
Archil Metreveli: Imilinganiselo emibini yomthetho waseGeorgia esebenzayo iqinisekisa ukukhululwa kwabaPhathiswa kwinkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini. Okokuqala, iSiqendu 4 seSivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko phakathi kweLizwe laseGeorgia kunye noMpostile iAutocephalous Orthodox Church yaseGeorgia (kuphela abaPhathiswa beCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia) kwaye okwesibini, iSiqendu 30 soMthetho waseGeorgia kuMsebenzi woMkhosi kunye neNkonzo yaseMkhosini ( Abefundisi balo naluphi na unqulo, kuquka iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia).
ISiqendu 71 soyilo olufakiweyo lweKhowudi yoKhuselo, engenye yeSiqendu 30 somthetho okhankanywe apha ngasentla osebenzayo, olawula ukuhlehliswa kokubhaliselwa kwiNkonzo yoMkhosi, ayisabandakanyi into ebizwa ngokuba yiMinisterial Exception. Ngenxa yoko, ngokomthetho omtsha osayilwayo, akukho Mphathiswa walo naluphi na unqulo owayekhululwe emkhosini ngaphambili oya kuphinda abe nelungelo lokuba nguMphathiswa Ongaphambuki. Kwelinye icala, iSiqendu sesi-4 seSivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko waseGeorgia, esikhululayo kwinkonzo yasemkhosini ngokukodwa abaPhathiswa beCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia, sisasebenza.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ngokoMgaqo-siseko waseGeorgia (iSiqendu 4) kunye noMthetho waseGeorgia kwiMithetho eqhelekileyo (iSiqendu 7) iSivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko waseGeorgia sithatha indawo yokuqala kwiMithetho yaseGeorgia kwaye, kwimeko yokwamkelwa, nangaphezu koKhuselo. Ikhowudi. Ke ngoko, iMinikelo yabaPhathiswa (eya kurhoxiswa kubaPhathiswa bazo zonke iinkolo) ayizukulitshitshisa ngokwalo eli lungelo kubaPhathiswa beCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia njengoko liza kunikezelwa ngesenzo solawulo oluphezulu ngokwemigangatho - iSivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko. yaseGeorgia.
JLB: Ndiyakuva. Ucinga ukuba kutheni lo mthetho ucetywayo? Ithetheleleka njani?
AM: Ingcaciso yoyilo olufakiweyo ithi olu hlengahlengiso lunenjongo yokuphelisa umsantsa wowiso-mthetho ovumela imibutho yonqulo “enganyanisekanga” kunye “nobuxoki” ukuba incede abantu baphephe inkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini. Injongo echaziweyo ihambelana nomkhwa owenziwe yiCawa yeNkululeko yeBhayibhile - umbutho wenkolo owasekwa liqela lezopolitiko iGirchi. ICawa yeNkululeko yeBhayibhile, njengesixhobo soqhanqalazo lwezopolitiko lwaseGirchi ngokuchasene nenkonzo yesinyanzelo yasemkhosini, inika iwonga elithi "uMphathiswa" kwabo bemi bangafuni ukwenza umsebenzi wasemkhosini. Inkqubo yeCawa yeNkululeko yeBhayibhile ixhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kumthetho woMsebenzi wasemkhosini kunye neNkonzo yaseMkhosini osebenzayo.
I-JLB: Ucinga ukuba iya kuba neziphumo ezingakumbi kuwiso-mthetho lwaseGeorgia okanye kumthetho wowiso-mthetho?
AM: Ewe, kwaye sele ikhona. Izihlomelo nazo zithunyelwe kuMthetho waseGeorgia ongengomkhosi, iNkonzo yeMisebenzi eNgezinye. Ngokukodwa, ngokutsho koqulunqo lwezilungiso, isizathu sokukhulula ummi kwinkonzo yasemkhosini esinyanzelo nakwinkonzo engenanto yakwenza nomkhosi, neminye imisebenzi engenanto yakwenza nomkhosi, kunye nokungavumi ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yesazela, kuya kuba “nguMphathiswa”. Ngokutsho kweGunyabantu baseGeorgia, eli “lungelo” litsha liza kuthabathel’ indawo i- Ministerial Exception erhoxisiweyo, njengoko lo mthetho mtsha uya kusebenza ngokulinganayo kuBalungiseleli bazo zonke iinkonzo, kuquka iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseGeorgia. Noko ke, le ngcaciso ayinyanisekanga, njengoko iSivumelwano soMgaqo-siseko waseGeorgia sikwalela uRhulumente ukuba abhalisele abaPhathiswa bamaOthodoki kwinkonzo yasemkhosini yesinyanzelo, ngaloo ndlela, akuyi kuba yimfuneko ukuba kwandiswe “ilungelo” lenkonzo engenanto yakwenza nomkhosi ongomnye wabo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba olu xwebhu lungenisiweyo luye lwamkelwa, abaPhathiswa bamaOthodoki baya kukhululwa ngaphandle kwemiqathango kwinkonzo yasemkhosini esisinyanzelo, ngoxa abaPhathiswa bazo zonke ezinye iinkonzo beza kunikwa imisebenzi engenanto yakwenza nomkhosi.
JLB: Kodwa ngaba elo lungelo, elithetha ukukhululwa ngokupheleleyo kwinkonzo yasemkhosini esisinyanzelo, lilungelo elisisiseko?
AM: Inkxalabo yethu inxulumene neLungelo elisisiseko kuLingano kunye nokuNgacalucalulo okusekwe kwinkolo. Kuyabonakala ukuba, ukukhululwa koMphathiswa kwinkonzo yasemkhosini (ngokuchaseneyo nokukhululwa ngenxa yokungavumi ukuya emkhosini ngenxa yesazela) asilolungelo elikhuselweyo yiNkululeko Yonqulo okanye Yokukholelwa. Eli lungelo liye lanikwa wona xa kucingwa ngokubaluleka koluntu ekuhlaleni nangentando yezobupolitika kaRhulumente.
Sekunjalo, iLungelo elisisiseko Lokulingana Nokungacalucalulo elisekelwe kunqulo lithetha ukuba, xa kungekho sizathu sicacileyo sempatho eyahlukileyo, amalungelo anikelwa nguRhulumente afanele adluliselwe ngokulinganayo kulo naliphi na iqela okanye umntu kungakhathaliseki ukuba ungowaluphi na unqulo okanye uqheliselo. Ummiselo ongenisiweyo ucacile kwaye ucalucalulo olucacileyo olusekwe kunqulo, njengoko lungabandakanyi nayiphi na injongo kunye nezizathu ezivakalayo zonyango olumiselweyo.
JLB: Ngokoluvo lwakho, ingaba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo karhulumente malunga nalo mba?
AM: Ukufumana iimpendulo kwimibuzo enjalo akunzima. Amava anamhlanje eNkululeko yoNkolo kunye neDemokhrasi amisela ngokucacileyo ukuba uRhulumente akufanele akhulule umthwalo wakhe ngokulahlekelwa kwamalungelo asisiseko kunye neeNkululeko zabantu okanye amaqela. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba iNkundla yayinokufumanisa ukuba iCawa yeNkululeko YeBhayibhile eneneni yayiyisebenzisa kakubi Inkululeko Yonqulo okanye Yokukholelwa, uRhulumente ufanele aphelise ngokupheleleyo umkhwa wokutshabalalisa kungekhona iLungelo Lokulingana Nokungacalucalulo okusekelwe kunqulo nakwinkolelo, ngokupheleleyo.
JLB: Enkosi
