Ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga nokusemthethweni kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi iqhubekile iminyaka, kukho inkqubela encinci eyenziwayo malunga nokulungelelaniswa okuhlangabezana neemfuno zamacala onke.
Kwelinye icala, abanye abantu bayayixhasa ingcamango yokuba zonke iziyobisi zisemthethweni ngokupheleleyo okanye, ubuncinane, zingabi semthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba amachiza asemthethweni, kukhuselekile ukucinga ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kuwasebenzisa njengoko beza kufikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye abayi kuthwala loo ntsingiselo imbi. Ukuba injongo kukudala uluntu olungenazo iziyobisi, akubonakali ngathi ukwenza iziyobisi zifikeleleke ngakumbi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo ekufuneka yenziwe.
Kwelinye icala, abanye abantu bayayixhasa le ngcamango yokuba kuqhutyekwe nenkqubo ekhoyo, yokwenzakalisa abantu ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Nangona kunjalo, phantse iminyaka engama-50 yemigaqo-nkqubo yeMfazwe kwiZiyobisi iye yasilela ngokupheleleyo ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi eMelika ngezibalo zeziyobisi ziba mandundu nyaka ngamnye, zingaphucuki. Ngeli xesha, ukwenziwa kube lulwaphulo-mthetho ukukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi kubangele inkqubo yobulungisa yolwaphulo-mthetho evuthulukileyo kunye neyona ntolongo inkulu ehlabathini.
Kakade ke, injongo imele ibe kukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi nokunceda abo bakhotyokisiweyo baphucule, bangabenzi babe lulwaphulo-mthetho. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba indlela yangoku okanye indlela yokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwengubo iya kufezekisa le njongo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuvumelana kuya kudala imeko engcono. Inkqubo enjalo isenokukuchasa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ukusa kumlinganiselo othile ngoxa ishiya izohlwayo ezithile endaweni ezinokuthi zibe yinkuthazo kumakhoboka ukuba afune unyango.
Mhlawumbi isisombululo asikokwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwe-100% okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-100%, kunoko yinkqubo eyakhiwe ngononophelo esebenzisa ezinye izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho ngelixa ihlala ixhasa, ikhuthaza, kwaye inyanzelisa unyango.
Ukuhlalutya Zombini Iingxoxo
Obunye ubungqina bubonisa ukuba ngokusemthethweni i-cannabis kukhokelele ekusetyenzisweni ngakumbi kwe-cannabis kumazwe asemthethweni. Ngapha koko, obunye ubungqina bukwabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezinye iziyobisi, ezifana i-opioids, kwakhona wenyuka kumazwe awabhalisa ngokusemthethweni. Kuyavunywa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-opioid kuye kwanyuka kulo lonke ilizwe, okwenza kube nzima ukuqiniseka ukuba ukuxhatshazwa kwe-opioid kuloo mazwe sisiphumo sokusemthethweni kwe-cannabis.
Abantu abakuchasayo ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni baphinde bathi ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho zihamba kunye. Nangona kunjalo, eli cala lempikiswano kunokwenzeka litshitshiswe kwihlabathi elicetywayo apho onke amachiza asemthethweni. Sekunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyingozi kakhulu kungakhathaliseki imeko esemthethweni, kwaye nokuba iziyobisi bezisemthethweni, amakhoboka ebeya kubandezeleka, abantu abasebenzisa iziyobisi bebeya kufa, kwaye ubukhoboka bebuya konakalisa iintsapho.
Ngokuchaseneyo, obunye ubungqina bucebisa ukukhutshwa kweziyobisi kunye/okanye ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni yenza ukuba unyango lufumaneke ngakumbi kumakhoboka, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kunciphisa kakhulu ibala elinxulunyaniswa nokuba likhoboka, kwaye itshintsha ingqwalasela yoluntu malunga nokukhobokisa ibe yinto yokuba likhoboka impilo umbandela, kungekhona utyekelo lolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngenjongo ikunyango lokukhotyokiswa kunye nokuchacha kwabo baxhatshazwa kukusebenzisa kakubi iziyobisi, indlela ebonakalisa uvelwano ngakumbi nesekeke kwimpilo yokukhobokisa iya kuba luphuhliso olunenzuzo.
Ngelishwa, kwiindawo zase-US apho ukukhutshwa kolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kuye kwalingwa, kubekho iziphumo ezixubeneyo kangangoko. Umzekelo wamva nje useOregon, esandula ukukhupha izibalo eziphoxayo malunga nokukhotyokiswa ziziyobisi, unyango, kunye nokugqithisa ngokweqile kulandela unyaka omnye wokukhutshwa kweziyobisi kwelo lizwe. Ngamafutshane, urhulumente akazange abe namava okunyuka kunyango lokulutha okanye ukuhla kweendlela zokusebenzisa i-overdoses ebenethemba lokuba kuza kuziswa amanyathelo okuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Iphantse yaqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo engabavaleliyo abasebenzisi beziyobisi okwangoku ebanyanzela ukuba bafune unyango inokuba yeyona nto ifanelekileyo yokulalanisa. Indlela enjalo isenokubeka umbono wokuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi akulunganga, kodwa iyakwenza oko ngokwembono yokuba amakhoboka. kumele funa unyango kwaye ubengcono. Iya kuba yindlela enovelwano kodwa eqinile.
Mhlawumbi ukushiya ezinye izohlwayo endaweni kodwa ukuzitshintsha okanye ukuthotywa ukuba unyango lugqityiwe yeyona ndlela ilungileyo. Ihamba kwindawo ephakathi kwaye ayizivumeli iziyobisi zibe semthethweni okanye ziyenze ibe yinto eqhelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwazo, kwaye ayibenzi babe lulwaphulo-mthetho abantu ngokuba likhoboka. E-Oregon, umlinganiselo wamva nje wokuvota wokuphelisa ulwaphulo-mthetho iziyobisi ubonakala ungasebenzi ngenxa yokuba bekungekho nkuthazo eyenziweyo yokunyanzela amakhoboka ukuba afune unyango ukuba abanjwe. Endaweni yoko, indlela efana nemodeli kaOregon kodwa enenkqubo engcono ukwalathisa abakhotyokisiweyo kunyango ingayimpendulo.
Iinkqubo eziKhokelela kuNyango kunye noBuyiselo ziyiMpendulo
Kubalulekile ukuba nengxoxo entsonkothileyo malunga nokuba, kwelinye icala, ukukhotyokiswa kobugwenxa ayisiyiyo impendulo echanekileyo, kodwa akukho semthethweni wengubo ngaphandle kweenkqubo zokunceda abakhotyokisiweyo, kwaye ayikuko nje ukukhuthaza unyango njengenxalenye yeziphumo. yokusebenzisa iziyobisi. Endaweni yoko, ukuvumelana okucutha izohlwayo zolwaphulo-mthetho zokuba neziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngelixa kunyanzelisa abo babanjiweyo beneziyobisi ukuba funa unyango inokuba yindlela engcono.
Mhlawumbi esona sisombululo sisebenzayo inokuba kukuseka iinkqubo zoluleko ezinokuthumela aboni beziyobisi kunyango, kunokuba bavalelwe entolongweni. Imodeli enjalo iphunyezwe ngempumelelo ethile kwiindawo ezifana YaseSeattle, eWashington kwaye Baltimore, Maryland.
Ukukhotyokiswa akuyongxaki ephelayo, nakwabo bazama ngamandla ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi. Ukuba kukho umntu omaziyo osebenzisa iziyobisi, nceda wenze konke onako ukuze ufumane uncedo.
Iingxelo:
- https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784528
- https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1903434116
- https://drugpolicy.org/sites/default/files/DPA_Fact_Sheet_Portugal_Decriminalization_Feb2015.pdf
- https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/dec/05/portugals-radical-drugs-policy-is-working-why-hasnt-the-world-copied-it
- https://apnews.com/article/health-business-europe-oregon-salem-158728e57e1d48bc957c5b907bcda5f5
- https://leadkingcounty.org/
- https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-drug-diversion-program-20170206-story.html
Iphononongwe ihlelwe nguClaire Pinelli; ICAADC, ICCS, LADC, RAS, MCAP, LCDC
Inqaku kuqala papashwa apha.
