Iipepile zeChili, iyeza lomgunyathi, amafutha, igolide, imipu, abantu, kunye nokunye kurhweba ngokurhweba ngeendlela zorhwebo zamawaka eminyaka zinqumla iSahel, kwaye i-UN kunye namaqabane bazama iindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana zokuthintela abo bazama ukwenza umkhuba ongekho mthethweni. ingxaki ekhulayo kulo mmandla uethe-ethe waseAfrika.
Kweyokuqala kuthotho lweempawu eziphonononga umlo ochasene nokurhweba e-Sahel, Iindaba ze-UN zijonga ngakumbi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukukhula kwale nto.
Iwebhu yokurhweba ephothiweyo iye yalukwa ngaphaya kweSahel, ehamba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6,000 ukusuka kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki ukuya kuLwandle oluBomvu, kwaye likhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300, eBurkina Faso, eCameroon, eChad, eGambia, eGuinea, eMali, EMauritania, eNiger, eNigeria naseSenegal.
I-Sahel ichazwa yi-UN njenge ummandla osengxakini: abo bahlala apho bangamaxhoba okungakhuseleki okungapheliyo, ukothuka kwemozulu, ngqu zulwano, ubhukuqo-mbuso, nokwanda kothungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho nabanqolobi. Ii-arhente ze-UN zilindele ukuba ngaphezulu million 37 abantu iya kufuna uncedo loluntu ngo-2023, malunga nezigidi ezi-3 ngaphezulu kwe-2022.
Ukucazulula ukhuseleko
Ukhuseleko kudala luyingxaki kulo mmandla, kodwa imeko yehla ngokuphawulekayo ngo-2011, emva kokungenelela komkhosi okhokelwa yi-NATO eLibya, nto leyo ekhokelele ekuqhubekeni kozinzo kweli lizwe.
Isiphithiphithi esalandelayo, nemida evuthulukileyo yathintela iinzame zokuthintela ukuqukuqela ngokungekho mthethweni, yaye abarhwebi ababethutha imipu yaseLibya eyayiphangiwe bakhwela eSahel begqugqisile ubunqolobi nokwanda kwabanqolobi.
Amaqela axhobileyo ngoku alawula i-swathes yaseLibya, eye yaba yinto indawo yokurhweba. Usoyikiso lwabanqolobi luye lwaba lubi ngakumbi, kunye neqela elidumileyo le-Islamic State (ISIL). ukungena kulo mmandla ngo-2015, ngokutsho kweZizwe Ezimanyeneyo IBhunga lezoKhuseleko ICandelo loLawulo leKomiti yokuNqanda ubuGqwirha (CTED).
Iimarike kulo lonke elaseSahel zinokufunyanwa zithengisa ngokuphandle uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezithengiswa ngaphandle, ukusuka kumayeza omgunyathi ukuya kwimipu yohlaselo yohlobo lwe-AK. Amayeza okurhweba idla ngokubulala, kuqikelelwa ukuba nyaka ngamnye abantu baseAfrika abakwi-Afrika ekumazantsi eSahara abangama-500,000 70; kwimeko enye, abantwana abangama-2022 baseGambia basweleka ngo-XNUMX emva kokusela isiraphu yokukhohlela. I-Fuel yenye into ethengiswa ngabadlali abaphambili - amaqela abanqolobi, uthungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho, kunye nemikhosi yasekhaya.
Ukuvala iipaseji zolwaphulo-mthetho
Ukuze kuliwe ukurhweba kunye nezinye izoyikiso ezivelayo, iqela lamazwe akulo mmandla - iBurkina Faso, iMali, iMauritania, iNiger, neChad - yasekwa, kunye inkxaso ye-UN, Umbutho oManyeneyo weQela leZihlanu zeSahel (G5 Sahel).
Ngeli xesha, intsebenziswano phakathi kwemida kunye nokulwa urhwaphilizo kuyanda. Abasemagunyeni kuzwelonke babambe iitoni zokurhwaphiliza, kwaye amanyathelo omthetho aye aqhawula unxibelelwano. Ubambiswano, olufana nolutsha olusayinweyo Isivumelwano saseCôte d'Ivoire-Nigeria, balwa urhwebo lweziyobisi olungekho mthethweni.
IOfisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeZiyobisi noLwaphulo-mthetho (UNODC) ngumdlali ophambili kwiinzame zokuqinisa ukhuseleko ngokunqanda iinzame zokurhweba.
Ngo-2020, umzekelo, KAFO II, a Umsebenzi we-UNODC-INTERPOL, bayiqhawula ngempumelelo indlela yokuhambisa abagrogrisi eSahel, apho amagosa athimba intabalala yezinto ezithengiswayo: imipu engama-50, iintonga zedynamite ezingama-40,593 6,162, iimbumbulu ezingama-1,473 2,263, iikhilogram ezili-60,000 XNUMX zentsangu nekhat, iibhokisi ezingama-XNUMX XNUMX zeziyobisi, iilitha ezingama-XNUMX zeziyobisi, neelitha ezingama-XNUMX. .
Imisebenzi ehlabayo efana ne-KAFO II ibonelela ngengqiqo exabisekileyo kwindalo yokurhweba ngokunyuka ngokuntsokotha kunye nokuthungelana, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokudibanisa amachaphaza phakathi kwamatyala olwaphulo-mthetho abandakanya imipu kunye nabanqolobi kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kunye nokuthatha indlela yommandla.
Ukuphelisa ubuqhophololo
Ezi nkcukacha zixhaswa kwi-raft yeengxelo ezintsha ze-UNODC, ukwenza imephu yabadlali, abavumelayo, iindlela, kunye nomthamo wokurhweba, ukuveza imicu eqhelekileyo phakathi kokungazinzi kunye neengxabano, kunye nokubonelela ngeengcebiso zokwenza.
Omnye waloo misonto lurhwaphilizo, kwaye iingxelo zithi makuqiniswe amanyathelo enkundla. Inkqubo yentolongo ikwafuna ukubandakanyeka, njengoko iindawo zokuvalelwa zinokuba “yiyunivesithi yabaphuli-mthetho” yokwandisa uthungelwano lwabo.
“Ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo luzondla ngobuthathaka kwaye lujongela phantsi uzinzo nophuhliso eSahel,” utsho uFrançois Patuel, intloko yeYunithi yoPhando noKwazisa ye-UNODC. "Ukudibanisa iinzame kunye nokuthatha indlela yengingqi kuya kukhokelela kwimpumelelo ekujonganeni nolwaphulo-mthetho olulungelelanisiweyo kulo mmandla."
Ingxaki ibangela 'isisongelo sehlabathi'
Ukulwa nolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo yintsika engundoqo kwidabi elibanzi lokujongana nengxaki yokhuseleko kulo mmandla, nto leyo i-UN UNobhala-Jikelele u-António Guterres yathi ibeka isoyikiso kwihlabathi.
"Ukuba akukho nto yenziweyo, imiphumo yobugrogrisi, ubundlobongela obunobundlobongela, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo luya kuvakala kude ngaphaya kommandla kunye nelizwekazi laseAfrika," uMnu Guterres walumkisa ngo-2022. iinzame ezikhoyo.”
I-UN ibaxhasa njani abantu baseSahel
- I-Ofisi ye-UN yoMkomishinala oPhezulu wamaLungelo oLuntu (OHCHR) ibonelele inkxaso ngqo kwi-G5 Sahel Force ukusebenza kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo okunciphisa ukwenzakala kwabantu kunye nokusabela kukwaphulwa komthetho.
- I-UNODC ihlala ijoyina amaqabane elizwe kunye nehlabathi jikelele, kubandakanya i-INTERPOL, ukuminxa iindlela zokubonelela.
- Umbutho wamazwe ngamazwe wokufuduka (IOM) isicwangciso sokuphendula kwintlekele ijolise ekufikeleleni phantse i-2 yezigidi zabantu abachaphazelekayo ngelixa ijongene nezizathu zesakhiwo zokungazinzi, ngokugxininiswa ngokukodwa kwi-fragility cross-border.
- I-WHO yasungula i khenketho ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zempilo kummandla ngo-2022, kwaye usebenza namaqabane ezempilo angama-350 kumazwe amathandathu.
- ISicwangciso esiHlangeneyo seZizwe eziManyeneyo seSahel (I-UNISS) inika isikhokelo kwiinzame zasemhlabeni kumazwe ali-10.
- The IsiCwangciso seNkxaso ye-UN kuba i-Sahel iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuhambelana kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwempumelelo enkulu kunye nokuhanjiswa kweziphumo ezinxulumene nesakhelo se-UNISS, ngokuhambelana neBhunga lezoKhuseleko. isisombululo 2391.
© UNICEF/Gilbertson-Umkhosi waseNigerien ujikeleza intlango yeSahara ujolise kumaqela amajoni aquka i-ISIL kunye neBoko Haram.
