I-HRWF (10.07.2023) - NgoJuni 26, iFederal Observatory on Cults (CIAOSN/IACSSO), eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni njenge “Iziko leNgcaciso kunye neeNgcebiso kwiMibutho yeNkcubeko enobungozi” kwaye yenziwe yi umthetho kaJuni 2, 1998 (ihlonyelwe ngumthetho ka-Aprili 12, 2004), yapapasha iqela elithi “Iingcebiso malunga noncedo kumaxhoba empembelelo yehlelo".
Kulo xwebhu, i-Observatory ibonisa ukuba injongo yayo "kukulwa nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni zeenkolo".
Uqheliselo olungekho mthethweni lwamahlelo
Okokuqala, kufuneka kugxininiswe ukuba ingcamango ye "ihlelo" (i secte ngesiFrentshi) asiyonxalenye yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Naliphi na iqela lenkolo, ngokomoya, ifilosofi, i-theistic okanye non-theistic, okanye naliphi na ilungu layo, linokufaka isikhalazo ngesityholo sokuphulwa kwenkululeko yonqulo okanye inkolelo. Abaninzi baye bakwenza oko ngempumelelo kumazwe aseYurophu, kuquka nakwiNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ngokusekelwe kwiGatya lesi-9 leNgqungquthela yaseYurophu:
“Wonke umntu unelungelo lenkululeko yokucinga, yesazela neyonqulo; eli lungelo liquka inkululeko yokutshintsha unqulo okanye inkolelo nenkululeko yakhe, eyedwa okanye ekunye nabanye nasekuhleni okanye emfihlekweni, ukuze abonakalise unqulo okanye inkolelo yakhe, ekunquleni, ekufundiseni nasekuyigcineni.”
Okwesibini, iinkolo azinakwaziwa ngokwasemthethweni. Ukupapashwa koluhlu lwamaqela angama-189 ekunokwenzeka ukuba akrokre ancanyathiselwe Ingxelo yepalamente yaseBelgium malunga namahlelo kwi-1998 yagxekwa kakhulu ngelo xesha ngokusetyenziswa kwayo izixhobo zokubekelwa ibala, ngakumbi kodwa hayi ngamajelo eendaba kuphela. Ekugqibeleni yaqondwa into yokuba ayinaxabiso lasemthethweni yaye ayinakusetyenziswa njengoxwebhu olusemthethweni ezinkundleni.
Okwesithathu, iNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu kutshanje iye yawisa isigwebo kwityala lika Tonchev kunye nabanye v. Bulgaria kaDisemba 13, 2022 (Nr 56862/15), bechasa abavangeli basemazweni baseBulgaria malunga nokusasazwa kwencwadana enemifanekiso elumkisa ngamahlelo ayingozi, kuquka nonqulo lwawo. Ngokukodwa, iNkundla yathi:
53 (…) INkundla ithatha amagama asetyenziswe kwisetyhula kunye nenqaku lengcaciso ka-Aprili 9, 2008 – elichaza iimeko ezithile zonqulo, kuquka i-Evangelicalism, imibutho yabafaki-sicelo abangamalungu ayo, “njengamahlelo onqulo ayingozi” “anxamnye nolwimi lwaseBulgaria.” Umthetho, amalungelo abemi kunye nocwangco loluntu” kwaye iintlanganiso zabo ziveza abathathi-nxaxheba babo “kukuphazamiseka kwengqondo” (umhlathi 5 apha ngasentla) – eneneni zinokubonwa njengento engafanelekanga nentiyo. (…)
Kwezi meko, kwaye nokuba amanyathelo ekukhalazelwa ngawo awakhange alithintele ngokuthe ngqo ilungelo labefundisi abafake isicelo okanye abo bakhonza kunye nabo ukuba babonakalise inkolo yabo ngonqulo nangoqheliselo, iNkundla iqwalasela, ngokomthetho wayo okhankanywe ngasentla. (umhlathi 52 apha ngasentla), ukuba la manyathelo asenokuba nemiphumo emibi ekusebenziseni kwamalungu eecawa mayela nenkululeko yawo yonqulo.
Isigwebo seNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu kwityala lika Tonchev kunye nabanye v. Bulgaria kaDisemba 13, 2022 (Nr 56862/15)
Umhlathi 52 wesigwebo udwelisa amanye amatyala afana nala “Leela Förderkreis eV kunye nabanye v. Germany"Kwaye"Iziko lemibutho yeKrishna Consciousness eRussia kunye neFrolov v. Russia", apho ukusetyenziswa kwegama elihlazo elithi "ihlelo" lachithwa yiNkundla yaseYurophu kwaye ngoku lisebenza njengomthetho wecala. Bona kwakhona inkcazo malunga nesigwebo seNkundla yaseYurophu nguMassimo Introvigne kwi Ubusika obugqithileyo phantsi kwesihloko “INkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu: Oorhulumente akufuneki babize iinkolo ezincinci 'ngamahlelo'. "
Umsebenzi osemthethweni weBelgian Cult Observatory ke ngoko ngokuphandle nangokucacileyo uyangqubana neNkundla yaseYurophu ekubekeni amabala oko kubizwa ngokuba “yimibutho yenkolo eyingozi,” uqulunqo olucacileyo olunyelisayo.
Ukusebenzisa amagama anyembayo kujoliswe kumafanasini, amaAfrika okanye nawaphi na amanye amaqela abantu akuvumelekanga ngokomthetho. Akufunekanga yahluke kumaqela onqulo okanye eenkolelo.
Okokugqibela kodwa okungakuncinananga: Ngoobani, njani yaye ngokweyiphi imigaqo “yeengozi” enokuthi “imibutho eyingozi yonqulo” ibonwe ngokusemthethweni?
Ugunyaziso lweObservatory nalo luyangqubana.
Kwelinye icala, umsebenzi walo kukulwa oko kubizwa ngokuba “zizenzo ezingekho mthethweni” zamahlelo, ekufuneka ke ngoko afaneleke ngolo hlobo ngomgwebo wokugqibela kungekhona ngaphambili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgomo wayo "kukulwa nemibutho eyingozi yenkolo", enokwenziwa ngaphandle kwesigqibo somthetho malunga namaqela ekujoliswe kuwo. Ukungathabathi cala kukarhulumente kusemngciphekweni, ngokukodwa njengoko “amahlelo” amaninzi okanye amalungu awo eye oyisa amatyala amaninzi eStrasbourg nxamnye namazwe aseYurophu ngokusekelwe kwiGatya lesi-9 leSindululo SaseYurophu esikhusela inkululeko yonqulo okanye yeenkolelo.
Umsebenzi weBelgian Cult Observatory usesichengeni sesikhalazo eStrasbourg
Le miba yenjongo ye-Observatory ayinakumelana nesikhalazo kwiNkundla yaseYurophu.
Eneneni, asifanele siyilibale imiphumo eyothusayo yokubambisa yesikhalazo sakutshanje “esiqhelekileyo” esiphathelele irhafu yocalucalulo efakwe eStrasbourg libandla lasekuhlaleni lombutho wamaNgqina kaYehova, eliphathwa njengehlelo yiBelgian Cult Observatory nabasemagunyeni baseBelgian State. Emva koko iNkundla yaseYurophu yagxeka ukunqongophala okupheleleyo kwaso nasiphi na isiseko esisemthethweni sokuvunywa kukarhulumente kwamaqela enkolo nawentanda-bulumko, eyayingeyonxalenye yesikhalazo, yaza yacela iBelgium ukuba ithobele umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Nge-5 ka-Epreli 2022, ecaleni Ibandla lamaNgqina kaYehova laseAnderlecht nabanye v. Belgium (isicelo esingunombolo 20165/20) malunga nomba wocalucalulo lokurhafiswa kwamaNgqina kaYehova, INkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu yabanjwa, ngamxhelo mnye, ukuba kwabakho:
“Ukwaphulwa kweGatya 14 (ukwalelwa kocalucalulo) elifundwa kunye neGatya 9 (inkululeko yokucinga, yesazela neyonqulo) yeNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu.”
Ikwabambe, ngamxhelo mnye, ukuba iBelgium yayiza kuhlawula umfaki-sicelo i-5,000 euros (EUR) malunga neendleko kunye neendleko.
INkundla nayo yakuphawula oko hayi indlela yolwamkelo okanye inkqubo ekhokelela ekuvunyweni kokholo ngugunyaziwe wobumbano yabekwa phantsi kwisixhobo esanelisa iimfuno zofikelelo kunye nokubonwa kwangaphambili, ezazikho kwingcinga yomthetho.
IBelgium ngoku ibeke iqela elisebenzayo lokuhlaziya i-posteriori ukuqatshelwa kombuso kwemibutho yenkolo kunye nefilosofi. IBelgium kufuneka iwulindele ngcono omnye umcimbi malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wenkolo kwaye ilandele umzekelo waseSwitzerland nayo Iziko loLwazi ngeenkolelo (CIC).
