Inkululeko yonqulo lilungelo lomntu elisisiseko, yaye ngoxa iEuropean Union (EU) isaziwa ngemigudu yayo yokukhuthaza le nkululeko kumazwe ngamazwe, amanye amazwe angamalungu ayo asazamazamana nemigaqo yocalucalulo echaphazela amaqela amancinane onqulo. UMollie Blum, umphandi weKomishoni yase-US yeNkululeko yoNkolo yaMazwe ngaMazwe (USCIRF), uphonononga lo mba ucinezelayo, esikhanyisela ngemithetho ethintelayo kunye nezenzo ze-EU ezithintela amalungelo eenkolo ezincinci kwaye zifak' isandla kucalucalulo loluntu.
Ndiza kuhlola eminye imizekelo ephawulekayo yale migaqo-nkqubo, kuquka izithintelo kwimpahla yenkolo, ukuxhelwa kwesithethe, kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi "lokuchasana nehlelo" oluxhalabisa i-USCIRF. Ingxelo kaBlum ixoxa ngonyeliso kunye nemithetho yentetho yentiyo, ngelixa iphinda ichukumise imigaqo-nkqubo echaphazela ngokungafaniyo amaSilamsi kunye noluntu lwamaYuda. Ukuqonda ngcono imeko, makhe siphonononge le miba ngokweenkcukacha. (LINK KWINGXELO EPHELELEYO NGEZANTSI).
Izithintelo Kwimpahla yonqulo
I-USCIRF ifumene iziganeko kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ejolise kubafazi bamaSilamsi kumazwe ahlukeneyo angamalungu e-EU, izithintelo zokugquma iintloko zonqulo, njenge-hijab yamaSilamsi, i-yarmulke yamaYuda, kunye Unkontsho lweSikh, eqhubekayo nanamhlanje kwi-2023. Imimiselo enjalo, njengoko ichazwe yingxelo, inempembelelo engafanelekanga kubafazi bamaSilamsi, iqhubekisela phambili ingcamango yokuba ukugqoka i-headscarf kuchasene nemilinganiselo yaseYurophu kunye nokukhuthaza ukufana noluntu.
Iziganeko zakutshanje eFransi, eNetherlands naseBelgium zibalaselisa imida eyandayo yesinxibo sonqulo, iyayigxeka le ngxelo. Ngokomzekelo, iFransi yazama ukwandisa ukuvalwa kweentloko zonqulo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ngelixa iNetherlands neBelgium nazo zabeka izithintelo zokugquma ubuso. La manyathelo afak’ isandla ekubeni abe nemvo yokwahluka nocalucalulo phakathi kwamaqela amancinane onqulo, oluchaphazela ubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Izithintelo zokuxhela ngokwesithethe
Ngokwengxelo, abalwela amalungelo ezilwanyana kunye nabezopolitiko kumazwe aliqela e-EU bathethelela izithintelo kwizithethe okanye ukubulawa ngonqulo, echaphazela ngqo uluntu lwamaYuda namaSilamsi. Le miqathango ithintela uqheliselo lokutya okungokonqulo yaye inyanzelela abantu ukuba bazilahle iinkolelo zonqulo ababambelele ngokunzulu ngazo. Ngokomzekelo, imimandla yaseBelgium yaseFlanders kunye neWallonia iye yakhupha isiko lokuxhela ngaphandle kokumangalisa, ngelixa inkundla ephakamileyo yaseGrisi yagweba ngokuchasene nokuvumela ukubulawa kwesithethe ngaphandle kwe-anesthesia. IFinland iye yabona inkqubela entle evumelana nezithethe zokuxhela, iqonda ukubaluleka kokukhusela inkululeko yonqulo.
Imiqathango “Yokuchasana Nehlelo”
UBloom ubonisa kwingxelo yakhe ye-USCIRF apho oorhulumente be-EU abathile baye basasaza ulwazi oluyingozi malunga namaqela athile onqulo, bewabiza “njengamahlelo” okanye “amahlelo.” Ukubandakanyeka kukarhulumente waseFransi sele imibutho engavumelekanga njengeFECRIS, ngokusebenzisa i-arhente karhulumente IZIBANE (abathile banokuthi “nguSugar Daddy” weFECRIS) iye yaxhokonxa iintshukumo zosasazo ezichaphazela kakubi abantu abanxulumana nemibutho yonqulo. Amaxesha amaninzi, amalungelo ezi nkonzo amkelwa ngokupheleleyo yiUnited States namazwe amaninzi aseYurophu, kwanayiNkundla YaseYurophu Elwela Amalungelo Abantu.
EFransi, imithetho yakutshanje inike abasemagunyeni amandla okusebenzisa iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuphanda oko bakubiza ngokuba “ngamahlelo” baze bohlwaye abo bagqalwa benetyala ngaphambi kokuba kuchotshelwe ityala elinobulungisa. Ngokufanayo, eminye imimandla eJamani (oko kukuthi eBavaria) ifuna abantu ngabanye ukuba basayine iziteyitimenti zokukhanyela ukuzimanya neCawa ye Scientology (zingaphezu kwama-250 iikhontrakthi zikarhulumente ezikhutshiweyo ngo-2023 kunye neli solotya localucalulo), okukhokelela kwiphulo lokutyholwa Scientologists, eziqhubeka zikhusela amalungelo azo. Kuyanika umdla ukuba kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu okanye kwihlabathi, iJamani icela abantu ukuba bachaze ukuba ngaba benkolo ethile okanye akunjalo (kule meko kuphela Scientology).
Imithetho yonyeliso
Ukuxhasa Inkululeko Yokuvakalisa Imithetho Yokuhlambalaza kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu isaqhubeka ingumbandela oxhalabisayo. Ngelixa amanye amazwe eyichithile imithetho enjalo, ipapasha i Ingxelo ye-USCIRF, abanye baye bawomeleza amalungiselelo okuthintela ukunyelisa. Iinzame zamva nje zasePoland zokwandisa umthetho wayo wonyeliso kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwezityholo zokunyelisa e-Italiya ziyimizekelo yoku. Loo mithetho iyangqubana nomgaqo wenkululeko yokuthetha yaye idala imiphumo eyothusayo kubantu abavakalisa iinkolelo zabo zonqulo, ingakumbi xa begqalwa njengempikiswano okanye ekhubekisayo.
Imithetho Yentetho Yentiyo
Ukulungisa Ulungelelwano Nangona ukulwa intetho yentiyo kubalulekile, umthetho wentetho yentiyo unokuba ngokubanzi kwaye unyhashe amalungelo enkululeko yonqulo okanye yenkolelo nenkululeko yokuthetha. Amazwe amaninzi angamalungu e-EU anemithetho yokohlwaya intetho yentiyo, ngokufuthi isenza kube lulwaphulo-mthetho intetho engaphembeleli ugonyamelo.
Iinkxalabo zivela xa abantu kujoliswe kubo ekwabelaneni ngoxolo ngeenkolelo zonqulo, njengoko kungqinwe kwityala leLungu lePalamente yaseFinland kunye noBhishophu we-Evangelical Lutheran ojongene nezityholo zentetho yentiyo ngokuvakalisa iinkolelo zonqulo malunga nemiba ye-LGBTQ+.
Eminye iMithetho neMigaqo-nkqubo
AmaSilamsi anempembelelo kunye namaYuda Amazwe e-EU amisele imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo yokuchasana nobunqolobi kunye ne-extremism, ekhokelela kwiziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kwiinkonzo ezincinci. Umzekelo, umthetho waseFransi wocalucalulo ujolise ekunyanzeliseni “iinqobo zesiFrentshi,” kodwa amalungiselelo awo aquka imisebenzi enganxulumananga nobunqolobi. Umthetho waseDenmark "wemibutho ehambelanayo" uchaphazela uluntu lwamaSilamsi, ngelixa iinzame zokulawula iinkqubo zolwaluko kunye neHolocaust ezigqwethekileyo zichaphazela uluntu lwamaJuda kumazwe aseScandinavia nasePoland, ngokulandelelana.
Iinzame zokuLwa uCalucalulo ngokweNkolo: I-EU ithathe amanyathelo okulwa i-antisemitism kunye nenzondo echasene namaSilamsi, ukumisela abaququzeleli kunye nokukhuthaza ukwamkelwa kwenkcazo ye-IHRA ye-antisemitism. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zentiyo ziyaqhubeka zisanda, kwaye i-EU kufuneka iphucule imilinganiselo yokujongana nezinye iindlela zocalucalulo olukhoyo kwiYurophu iphela.
isiphelo
Ngoxa amazwe angamalungu e-EU ngokuqhelekileyo eyikhusela ngokomgaqo-siseko inkululeko yonqulo okanye yeenkolelo, eminye imigaqo engqongqo isaqhubeka ichaphazela amaqela amancinane onqulo yaye ikhuthaza ucalucalulo. Ukukhuthaza inkululeko yonqulo ngelixa kujongwana nezinye izinto ezixhalabisayo kubalulekile ekudaleni uluntu oluqukayo. Iinzame ze-EU zokulwa ne-antisemitism kunye nentiyo yamaSilamsi ziyancomeka kodwa kufuneka zandiswe ukulungisa ezinye iindlela zocalucalulo lwenkolo oluxhaphakileyo kulo lonke ummandla. Ngokuxhasa inkululeko yonqulo, i-EU inokukhuthaza uluntu olubandakanya ngokwenene kunye nolwahlukeneyo apho bonke abantu banokuqhelisela ukholo lwabo ngaphandle kokoyika ucalucalulo okanye intshutshiso.
