Ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe i-84 ngoNovemba 26, sibhiyozela uTina Turner, "uKumkanikazi weLiwa". Wazalwa ngo-1939 njengo-Anna Mae Bullock, uye wenyuka waya kudumo lwakhe ngeengoma ezifana nethi “Proud Mary” kunye ne “Nutbush City Limits.” Ngaphandle komtshato onzima, uphumelele uloyiso ngecwecwe lakhe eyedwa lika-1984 elithi “Private Dancer,” enezinto zakudala ezinje ngo “Yintoni Uthando eMaluyenze ngalo.”
Imisebenzi kaTurner edlamkileyo kunye neendima kwiifilim ezifana ne "Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome" ibonise ukuguquguquka kwakhe. I-biopic yakhe, "Yintoni eManyanzeleke kuLuthando ngayo," yaphinda yaqinisa isimo sakhe njengophawu lomculo kunye nenkcubeko. Emva kokhenketho oluyimpumelelo lokuvalelisa ngo-2008-2009 kunye nokwamkela ubumi baseSwitzerland ngo-2013, uTurner wathatha umhlala-phantsi, eshiya ngasemva ilifa lee-albhamu ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ezithengisiweyo kunye nefuthe elihlala lihleli kumculo werock. Namhlanje, siyawukhumbula umoya wakhe wokunyamezela kunye umsebenzi owothusayo.
Uninzi lwabaculi abadumileyo kwimbali yomculo yanamhlanje
UTina Turner ngomnye wabaculi abadumileyo kwimbali yomculo yanamhlanje. Ukusukela oko waqalayo ukungena kwindawo ephambili ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, umsebenzi wakhe odumileyo uqhube ngaphezu kwamashumi ama-6 eminyaka kwaye wabona uKumkanikazi weRock n'Roll echaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumfazi onamandla emculweni. Nangona wayenyamezele ubunzima obumangalisayo kwasekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, uTina waphumelela njengowasindayo kunye negcisa elicula yedwa. Ilifa lakhe lomculo ohlukeneyo kunye nokukwazi ukuphuhlisa isandi sakhe ngokuqhubekayo uye waphefumlela amagcisa amaninzi kwi-R&B, rock, pop kunye nomphefumlo.
Iintsuku Zokuqala: Ukufumanisa Ilizwi Lakhe
UTina Turner wazalwa uAnna Mae Bullock ngo-1939 eNutbush, eTennessee apho uthando lwakhe lokucula lwabambelela esemncinci. Ukhule ecula kwikwayala yecawe yakhe apho wafumanisa khona ubuchule bakhe bokucula. Ekhuthazwe ngamagcisa anjengoMahalia Jackson kunye noBessie Smith, uTina Turner oselula wayecula naphi na apho wayekwazi ukujikeleza idolophu yakowabo, efunxa iiblues, iR&B, ivangeli kunye nelizwe eligcwele kumculo osemazantsi. Amava akhe okuqala okucula ecaweni anika uTina ulawulo kuluhlu lwakhe lwelizwi elichukumisayo kwaye wabeka isiseko sonikezelo olukrwada, lweemvakalelo awayeza kuduma ngalo.
Embindini we-1950s, uTina okwishumi elivisayo waya kwikonsathi yesingqisho kunye neblues yimvumi u-Ike Turner kwaye wothuswa kumdlalo weqela lakhe. Xa imvumi ingazange ibonakale kwigigi yabo, uTina watsibela eqongeni ukuze akhuphe ingoma yeBB King eyathi yatsala ingqalelo ka-Ike. Wathathwa ngoko nangoko kunye neqonga elilawulayo le-16 leminyaka ubudala kunye nelizwi elinamandla kwaye kamsinya emva koko wamgaya ukuba abe phambi kweqela lakhe njengemvumi yangasemva. Emva kokuba uTina erekhode into eya kuba lilizwi lakhe lokuqala lentengiso kwingoma ethi "Ibhokisi Eliphezulu" ngo-1958, u-Ike watshintsha igama lakhe laba nguTina Turner kwaye wamenza imvumi ekhokelayo kwiqela lakhe elathi kamva laba ngu-Ike & Tina Turner Revue.
I-Ike kunye no-Tina Turner Revue: I-Spectacular Highs & Tragic Lows
U-Ike noTina Turner Revue abasandula ukubhaptizwa baqala ukukhenketha ngokungayekiyo kulo lonke “isekethe ye-chitlin” esemazantsi ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, befumana udumo ngokudlala eqongeni. Ukuzithemba okuvuthayo kukaTina, ukwabelana ngesondo kunye nebhombu yelizwi kuhambelana ngokugqibeleleyo namalungiselelo e-Ike amnandi eblues kwaye isibini safumana udumo njengeqela elimele libonwe ngo-1961.
I-Revue ekugqibeleni iphumelele impumelelo kwitshathi yepop ngo-1962 xa amazwi kaTina avuselelayo aguqula ingoma yabo yengoma ethi "Isidenge Esothandweni" ibe yinto ekhethiweyo ye-Grammy kunye nesiseko kwizikhululo zikanomathotholo ezimnyama kulo lonke elaseMelika. Iingoma ezingakumbi zeR&B ezibhalwe ngu-Ike ziqinise uTina Turner njengenkwenkwezi kwaye yatyhalela phambili ukuthandwa kweRevue ukuya kwindawo ephezulu kwiminyaka yama-60s. Iyantlukwano kaTina njengemvumi yaqaqamba kwii-ballads zomphefumlo ezinje ngo “Idolize You” emva koko kwiingoma ze-funk-rock ezinje ngo “Bold Soul Dade.”
Ilizwi elikhulu likaTina kunye nobukho beqonga obumangalisayo batyhalela iRevue kwindawo eqhelekileyo xa inguqulelo yabo ye-octane ephezulu ethi "Proud Mary" yafikelela kwi-#4 ngo-1971 kwaye yaphumelela i-duo yokuqala neyokuphela kwayo iGrammy. Baye baba ngumkhenkethi oshukumayo kwilizwe lonke, bade bavula iRolling Stones ngo-1969 kwindawo ephezulu yodumo lweqela laseBritane. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-20, u-Ike noTina Turner baphume izandla emva kwengoma emdaka yeR&B equka ezakudala ezifana nethi “River Deep, Mountain High” kunye “neNutbush City Limits” ezisavakala ngathi zivutha nanamhlanje enkosi kakhulu kwiingoma zikaTina.
Ngapha koko, nangona kunjalo, uTina wanyamezela ishumi leminyaka lokuxhatshazwa ngokoyikekayo ngumyeni wakhe kunye neqabane lakhe lomculo u-Ike. Nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba abalandeli bakhe babezibonele ngawabo amayeza ngelo xesha, uTina wanyamezela ukubethwa rhoqo, ukuthotywa kunye nokulawulwa ngu-Ike owayejolise kuye kunye neemvumi zokuxhasa iqela lakhe.
Emva kweminyaka yokuhlala phantsi kwesithunzi sika-Ike esilawulayo, uTina Turner ekugqibeleni wafumana isigqibo sokukhululeka kubuqabane bakhe bomculo onetyhefu kunye nomtshato. NgoJulayi 2, 1976, uTina wabaleka eneesenti ezingama-36 kuphela kunye nekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala lesikhululo segesi, eqalisa isenzo sakhe sesibini njengomculi oyedwa. Xa ukuthandwa kukaRevue kwehla ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kobukho bukaTina bokumisa, komeleza kuphela ukuba ilizwi lakhe elinomfanekiso kunye neqonga lobuzibuthe yayiziinjini zokwenyani emva kwempumelelo yazo.
UKumkanikazi weLiwa uTina Turner: Uloyiso lwakhe lokubuya kweSolo
Emva kokuhlukana no-Ike, uTina wasebenza ngokuzimisela ukwakha kwakhona umsebenzi wakhe womculo ukususela ekuqaleni, ezimisele ukuba angaze aphinde abe phantsi kolawulo lwendoda kwakhona. Nangona wayesokola kwizimangalo kunye nezezimali, uTina Turner wasasaza inkululeko yakhe entsha ekuguquleni isandi sakhe kwakhona. Ukuhamba ngaphaya kweengcambu zakhe ze-R&B, amazwi akhe awohlukileyo ngoku avuselele owasetyhini ongagungqiyo esebenzisa amandla apheleleyo esingqisho esiphinda-phindayo serock kunye neesolo zegitare ezitshisayo ngendlela ye-cathartic.
UTina wabhengeza ngenkumbulo ukuba ubuyile ngokuvula amaqela afana neRolling Stones kunye ne-AC / DC phambi kwesihlwele esikhulu. Emva kweminyaka engekho kwindawo ebonakalayo, nangona kunjalo, abaphathi bomculo bahlala bethandabuza ukuba imvumi eyalupheleyo inokuphinda ibuye. Emva kokuba inkampani yokurekhoda imlahlile, uTina watyikitya kwiCapitol Records ngo-1983, ezimisele ukuphinda achaze umfanekiso wakhe ngomculo kunye neevidiyo zomculo.
Ukuphumelela kwakhe eyedwa kwafika ngo-1984 ngokukhupha icwecwe lakhe lesihlanu, uMdanisi wabucala. Ixhaswe ziividiyo zomculo ezisele zilungele i-MTV ezilinganisa ibali lakhe lokubuya, icwecwe livelise i-pop engapheliyo kunye ne-rock ehambisa isandi esikhethekileyo sikaTina. Umhobe wokuxhobisa wabasetyhini, "Yintoni Uthando enokuyenza ngayo" yaba ngowokuqala kaTina kunye ne-#1 engatshatanga kwaye waphumelela iRekhodi yoNyaka. "Better Be Good to Me" yafikelela kwi-#5 ngelixa i-sultry yakhe ithatha "Masihlale Ndawonye" yaqhekeza i-10 ephezulu kwiminyaka elishumi emva kokuba waqala ukurekhoda ingoma.
Kwiminyaka engama-45 ubudala, icwecwe lomdanisi wabucala lifumene amanqaku e-Tina 4 Grammys kwaye lihlala liyincutshe yakhe – udityaniso olungenamthungo lweziginci zerock kunye nemveliso ye-synth pop kunye namazwi amnandi e-R&B ethetha ngowasetyhini owomeleleyo ophuma kwintlekele yobomi. Phantse ngobusuku, impumelelo yakhe yeenkwenkwezi yajika uTina waba ngumfanekiso wamazwe ngamazwe ngaphambili kwi-pop yoo-1980.
UTina ukhwele icwecwe lakhe elishushu kwi-albhamu ka-1985 echongelwe iGrammy ethi Break Every Rule emva koko wazifumana efunwa yiHollywood, erekhoda isandi semuvi ethi “Asifuni Elinye Iqhawe” elivela kuMad Max: Beyond Thunderdome kunye nengoma kaJames Bond ethi “Goldeneye”. ” ngowe-1995. Wazalisa ukhenketho olukhulu lwebala ngemidlalo encomekayo ukuya kutsho ekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1990 ngaphambi kokuba enze ukhenketho lwakhe lokugqibela loloyiso lwehlabathi eneminyaka engama-68 ngo-2008.
Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ikhathalogu edumileyo kaTina Turner ye umculo Ubonise amandla anqabileyo okuhlala abonisa indaleko yakhe ukusuka kwinkanyezi yeR&B ukuya kwiQueen of Rock eyomelelayo. Nangona ubuchule bakhe belizwi belizwi babugxile ekuvezeni iintlungu kunye nokuba sesichengeni, umculo ohlukeneyo kaTina wawukhupha amandla kunye nonyamezelo olukhuthaze izizukulwana.
Impembelelo yakhe yoMculo yesikhumbuzo
UTina Turner wenza impembelelo engacimekiyo kuwo wonke umhlaba womculo eqala ngeentsuku zakhe njengefoyile yasetyhini ka-Ike ngeminyaka yoo-1960 ngokuzalwa kwakhe ngokutsha njengobukhosi belitye ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Uphawu lwakhe oluvuthayo lwesingqisho kunye neeblues lwabeka isiseko somphefumlo wama-60 ngelixa ukubuya kwakhe okukhululayo kwi-MTV-pop kubonisa amandla angenasiphelo amagcisa amabhinqa amnyama.
Kwasebutsheni bakhe, amandla kaTina omphefumlo kukhenketho amenze waba ngumzekelo kwisizukulwana sabadlali abancinci abaculayo abaquka uChaka Khan, uNatalie Cole kunye noWhitney Houston abamangaliswe kukomelela kwakhe kubugxwayiba obungacingelekiyo. UTina wazithwala ngokuzithemba okukhulu okubhabhayo xa ejongana neendibano zentlalo kwaye waphefumlela amagcisa amatsha anesibindi njengoJanet Jackson kunye noBeyonce ukuba batshintshe idivas yabo yangaphakathi.
Njengoko wayetshintshela kwi-rock kumsebenzi wakhe oyedwa, uTina wavulela abafazi abamnyama ucango ukuba boyise ishishini lomculo eliqhelekileyo ngokwemiqathango yabo. Uvule indlela yezizukulwana ezilandelelanayo zamagcisa ahlukeneyo afana noMariah Carey, u-Alicia Keys kunye noHalle Bailey abadibanise ukugqwesa kweR&B kunye nolawulo lwepop. Nanamhlanje, amagcisa afana noJazmine Sullivan kunye no-HER bajonge ukuhanjiswa kwezwi kaTina okunesilivere njengoko bekhupha imiphefumlo yabo ngokuchasene nemveliso yemood.
Ngoku ukwiminyaka yakhe yama-80s, ubuchule bukaTina Turner kunye nefuthe kumculo wonke abunakuchaphazeleka. Nangona wayesaziwa ngeengoma zakhe zothando, umsebenzi kaTina wabonisa unyamezelo olwakhuthaza abafazi kuyo yonke indawo. Nokuba ukhupha izikhalo zomphefumlo ukusuka kwiintsuku zakhe kunye no-Ike okanye ukugquma kwi-pop-synths ngeminyaka yoo-1980, ilizwi lakhe eliyintsomi lidibanisa inkosikazi eyomelelayo esoyisa ubunzima obungenakucingelwa - kwaye ekwenza oko ngelixa ebeka umgangatho kwiintlobo ezininzi. Nanamhlanje, usenguKumkanikazi weRock n 'Roll.
