Nge-7 kaDisemba, iphephandaba laseArgentina “INKONZO” enesihloko inqaku malunga neBuenos Aires Yoga School (BAYS) etyholwa ngemisebenzi yolwaphulo-mthetho “Ityala libuyele ku-zero kwaye abamangalelwa basondele ekugwetyweni.” Esi yayisisiphelo sikaGabriel di Nicola, umbhali weli nqaku, emva kokuba inkundla yesibheno ibhengeze ukuba lilize kokuphakanyiswa kwetyala.
Esi sigqibo sithathwe yi-Chamber II yeNkundla yeziBheno kwiNkundla yezoLwaphulo-mthetho kunye neNkundla yoLuleko yaseBuenos Aires, eyakhiwe ngabagwebi uMartin Irurzun, uRoberto Boico noEduardo Farah.
Kwityala leBAYS, abantu abalishumi elinesixhenxe baye batshutshiswa ngamatyala okunxulumana ngokungekho mthethweni, ukurhweba ngabantu ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhaphaza imali. Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, amakhulukhulu emithombo yeendaba eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe abonise iqela le-yoga elikhokelwa nguJuan Percowicz, oneminyaka engama-85, "njengehlelo eloyikekayo."
NgoSeptemba ophelileyo, emva kwesicelo esenziwe ngumtshutshisi we-federal uCarlos Stornelli kunye nogxa wakhe kwi-Ofisi yeGqwetha Jikelele lokuRhweba kunye nokuXhaphazwa kwabantu (PROTEX), u-Alejandra Mangano, ijaji ye-federal u-Ariel Lijo uye wavala uphando lwetyala waza wazisa. ityala kunye nabamangalelwa abali-17, kuquka uJuan Percowicz, inkokeli eneminyaka engama-85 ubudala yesikolo se-yoga, owachongwa ngabatshutshisi njengentloko yombutho otyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho.
Abasetyhini abali-9 babhengeza ukuba bangamaxhoba okurhweba ngabantu ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwentando yabo
Abafazi abasithoba ababezimase iiklasi zeSikolo saseBuenos Aires Yoga (BAYS), abatyholwa ngokurhweba ngabantu ngokuthengisa ngomzimba, babhengezwa bengamaxhoba eBAYS ngabatshutshisi ababini bePROTEX nangona bekhanyela ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba bakhe bathengisa ngomzimba.
Kuze kube yi-2012, ukuxhaphazwa ngokwesondo kwahlwaywa nguMthetho we-26.364 kodwa ngomhla we-19 kaDisemba 2012, lo mthetho walungiswa ngendlela yokuba uvule umnyango wokutolikwa kwengxabano kunye nokuphunyezwa. Ngoku ichongiwe njenge Umthetho onguNombolo 26.842 woThintelo kunye nokohlwaywa kokuRhweba ngaBantu kunye noNcedo kumaxhoba.
Malunga nemiba ethile yokuphunyezwa kwalo mthetho, i-HRWF yacela ingcaciso ethile kuNksz Marisa Tarantino, uMtshutshisi oNcedisayo we-Ofisi ye-National Criminal and Correctional Prosecutor ye-Nr 34 kunye nomtshutshisi wangaphambili we-Ofisi ye-Attorney General. Ukwayingcaphephe kuLawulo lwezoBulungisa (i-Universidad de Buenos Aires/iYunivesithi yaseBuenos Aires) kwaye uneSidanga seMasters kuMthetho woLwaphulo-mthetho (Universidad de Palermo/ IYunivesithi yasePalermo).
Nanga amanye amagqabaza akhe asemthethweni:
Okokuqala, andinikezeli uluvo lwam kwiimeko ezithile xa ndingayazi ifayile kodwa ndinokunika ingcaciso yobugcisa. Oko kunokuqondwa ngokuthi “ubuhenyu” ngumbandela wokutolika, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa njengokutshintshiselana ngesini ngemali okanye ezinye iingenelo zexabiso lezoqoqosho.
Lo mthetho uhlaziywe i-Penal Code kumanqaku ahlukeneyo abonelela ngeendidi ezininzi zolwaphulo-mthetho kumatyala okurhweba ngabantu ngokurhweba ngabantu kunye nokuxhaphaza abantu (Art. 125 bis, 126, 127, 140).
Ngokwalo mthetho, xa ukuthengisa ngomzimba kwabanye okanye naluphi na olunye uhlobo lokubonelela ngeenkonzo zesondo zabanye kukhuthazwa, kuququzelelwe okanye kurhweba, sisenzo solwaphulo-mthetho.
Kwizilungiso kwiinkcazelo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinxulumene nokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo, kukho ukukhankanywa okucacileyo kokunqongophala kokusemthethweni kwemvume yesifundo sokwenziwa. Kwangaxeshanye, uhlaziyo ludlulisele oko kubizwa ngokuba “ziindlela zekhomishini” ezithi kumthetho wangaphambili zifakwe kwiinkcazo ezisisiseko kwaye ngoku ziyinxalenye yolwaphulo-mthetho olubi.
Zombini izigqibo ziphumela kwinguqu emandla kwimpatho yobuhenyu kulwaphulo-mthetho.
Undoqo kuhlaziyo kukuba "iendlela zokuthunywa," ebezichaza izinto zolwaphulo-mthetho ngaphambili njengoko bezibonelelwe kwinkcazo yesiseko, azisekho. Nakuphi na ukunyanzeliswa, ubundlobongela ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemeko yokuba sesichengeni kuthinjwa zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ezimanyumnyezi. Ke, inkcazo esisiseko ibonelela ngotshintshiselwano oluzimeleyo ngokugqibeleleyo ngaphandle kobundlobongela okanye ukunyanzeliswa.
Ngamafutshane, ukuba kwimeko ethile ii-arhente zotshutshiso zifumanisa umsebenzi abawuhlelayo uhlobo ‘lobuhenyu’, nokuba lwenziwa ngabantu abadala nabazimeleyo, aba baya kuthathwa njengamaxhoba kwaye abo benza umsebenzi ube nokwenzeka okanye bazuze kuwo nangayiphi na indlela, nokuba kuyenzeka ngamaxesha athile, baya kuba noxanduva lokutshutshiswa.”
Kwingxelo yabo apho babecele ukubanjwa kukaPercowicz, umsunguli kunye nenkokeli yeBAYS, kunye nabanye abarhanelwa, abatshutshisi uStornelli, uMangano kunye noMarcelo Colombo, lo wokugqibela naye olilungu lePROTEX, baphikise ukuba iBAYS iqokelele iidola ezingama-500,000 ngenyanga kwaye. ukuba uninzi lomvuzo luvela ekuxhatshazweni ngokwesini 'kwabafundi.'
Emva kokuba amagqwetha abanye babatyholwa, uClaudio Caffarello noFernando Sicilia, bexelelwe ngesigqibo senkundla, babhengeza kwi-LA NACION:
“Lo ngumthetho okhaliphileyo. Kwangqinwa, ngengxelo yeengcali yeForensic Medical Corps yeNkundla ePhakamileyo yoBulungisa, ukuba abantu abachongiweyo njengamaxhoba abazange bahambe kwiimeko zobuthathaka, ukuba abazange bathotywe kwaye bahlala beziphatha ngokukhululekileyo ukuzeyisa. ngokuziphatha kwabo. Besisoloko siqinisekile ukuba akukho lwaphulo-mthetho kweli tyala.”
Igqwetha u-Alfredo Olivan, kunye nomlingani wakhe uMartín Calvet Salas omele abatyholwa abasibhozo, bacinga ukuba abathengi babo kufuneka babhengezwe njengabangenatyala lombutho ongekho mthethweni, ukurhweba ngabantu ngokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo kunye nokuxhaphaza imali. Kwaye wabhengeza ukuba uza kunikezela ngesicelo sokukhululwa kwabo bonke abathengi bakhe.
Ngokumalunga nokuba sesichengeni kwabangengamaxhoba awela ezandleni zePROTEX
Umbuzo obuzwe yi-HRWF kuNksk. Marisa Tarantino wawusithi: "Ziziphi izisombululo ezisemthethweni zasekhaya kumntu otyholwa ngokuba lixhoba lokuthengisa ngomzimba ANGAMAKALAKALI njengexhoba kwaye ANGAbandakanyekanga kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngokuchasene nomntu wesithathu?"
Impendulo ivela ku- Tarantino:
Umthetho okhoyo ngoku wenkqubo uyalivuma ilungelo lokuba amaxhoba aviwe kunye nokuba uluvo lwawo luthathelwe ingqalelo. Kufuneka baziswe ngenkqubela phambili yenkqubo kwaye banelungelo lokucela ukuphononongwa kwezo zigqibo ziphelise inkqubo.
Bakwanalo nelungelo lokuba ngabamangali ukuze bamangalele abo batyholwayo. Nangona kunjalo, amaxhoba akanalo ilungelo lokumisela isenzo solwaphulo-mthetho esidlangalaleni. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lokuxhaphaza ngokwesondo lulwaphulo-mthetho lwezenzo zoluntu. Ngoko ke, isigqibo sexhoba lokungaqhubeli phambili kwinkqubo yolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona inako kwaye kufuneka iviwe, akwanelanga ukuvala ityala. Umthetho uthatha ukuba kulwaphulo-mthetho lwezenzo zoluntu kukho umdla wombuso esichengeni kwaye utshutshiso kufuneka luqhubeke nokuba ixhoba alivumi. Ngoko ke, abatshutshisi banyanzelekile ukuba benze njalo ngaphandle kokuba bakhuphe ubukho bolwaphulo-mthetho ngenxa yokungabikho kobungqina okanye ukungabikho kokwanela kwetyala kwiimfuno zomthetho zohlobo lobugebengu.
Izigqibo ezimbi
Ngexesha lokusebenza lonke ngokuchasene nesikolo se-yoga, iindlela ezisetyenziswa yiPROTEX zaziphikisana kakhulu.
I-PROTEX iqulunqe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho ngesiseko sophando oluyingxaki kunye nobungqina obungathembekiyo bomntu oyedwa, okubangelwa ukuveliswa koluntu kwabasetyhini abadala ukuba babe ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, nangona ukukhanyela kwabo ngamandla kunye nokuphindaphindiweyo.
I-PROTEX yenza umsebenzi wamapolisa omangalisayo kunye nomboniso omkhulu wamandla awathi amajelo eendaba aye axelelwa ngenjongo ecacileyo yokuxhamla kubhengezo olukhulu ngelixa kwakunokwenzeka kwaye kufanele ukuba kuququzelelwe ngobulumko kwaye emva koko kubhengezwe ngokukhutshwa kweendaba ngokwemiqathango elinganisiweyo okanye inkomfa noonondaba.
I-PROTEX ikhethe ukusebenzisa ubundlobongela ngexesha lokugqogqwa kweflethi, iqhekeza iingcango zangaphambili xa abahlali bezinikezela ukuzivula ngezitshixo zabo.
I-PROTEX yenza umboniso obonakalayo wokufunyanwa kwemali ekutyholwa ukuba yimali yokurhweba ngabantu ngenjongo yokuthengisa ngomzimba.
I-PROTEX yafota ukuqhekeka, kodwa hayi ngendlela engathathi hlangothi, ukubonisa ubuchwephesha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, kwaye yenza iividiyo esidlangalaleni.
Ukususela ekuqaleni, akuzange kubekho naziphi na izisulu kwityala le-BAYS, kanye njengokuba abafazi abasithoba bebesoloko bebanga ngokuvakalayo kwaye ngoku ingxelo yengcali ye-Forensic Medical Corps yeNkundla ePhakamileyo yoBulungisa iqinisekisa.
Ngenxa yesenzo sePROTEX
Abantu abali-19, kuquka umsunguli we-BAYS oneminyaka engama-85 ubudala, babanjwe ngezityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye bachitha phakathi kwe-18 kunye ne-84 iintsuku entolongweni.
– amagama abafazi abaliqela abachazwa njengabathengisi ngemizimba, ngaphandle kokukhanyelwa kwabo, enziwe ngokungalunganga esidlangalaleni
- amaxhoba amaninzi alo msebenzi wamapolisa aphulukene nabayeni okanye amaqabane abo, imisebenzi okanye abaxhasi babo kwimisebenzi yabo yezoqoqosho.
Omnye umonakalo awunakulungiswa. “Ihlelo elihlasimlis’ umzimba,” njengoko iBAYS liye lachazwa kumakhulukhulu amaphephandaba nakwiinkqubo zikamabonwakude, alizange libekho. Iindaba zobuxoki kodwa umonakalo wokwenyani.
