Ukuvula amathuba amatsha kwi abenzi boluvo bequantum, iiwotshi ze-athomu kunye neemvavanyo ze-physics esisiseko, abaphandi be-JILA baye bavelisa iindlela ezintsha "zokudibanisa" okanye ukudibanisa iipropati zamanani amaninzi. Kule nkqubo, baye baqulunqa iindlela zokulinganisa amaqela amakhulu e-athomu ngokuchanekileyo nakwiindawo eziphazamisayo, ezinengxolo.
Iiwotshi zeathom ezichane kakhulu, ezifana “newotshi ye-tweezer” eboniswe apha, zinokubakho ngenxa yokudibanisa okanye “ukubhijela” iiathom ngendlela entsha ngendlela eyaziwa ngokuba “kukucinezela,” apho ipropathi enye yeathom ilinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi kunoko. idla ngokuvunyelwa kwi-quantum mechanics ngokunciphisa ukuchaneka apho ipropathi encedisayo ilinganiswa. Ikhredithi yomfanekiso: S. Burrows/JILA
Ubuchule obutsha buchazwe kumaphepha amabini apapashwe kwi Uhlobo. I-JILA yiziko elidibeneyo leZiko leSizwe leMigangatho kunye neTekhnoloji (NIST) kunye neYunivesithi yaseColorado Boulder.
"Ukuzibandakanya yigrail engcwele yesayensi yokulinganisa," utshilo uAna Maria Rey, isazi sefiziksi kunye neJILA kunye neNIST Fellow.
“Iiathom zezona zinzwa zibalaseleyo. Zehlabathi jikelele. Ingxaki kukuba zizinto ze-quantum, ngoko ke zingxola ngaphakathi. Xa uzilinganisa, ngamanye amaxesha zikwimo enye yamandla, ngamanye amaxesha zikwelinye ilizwe. Xa ubabhijela, uyakwazi ukuyiphelisa ingxolo.”
Xa iiathom zibambene, okwenzeka kwiathom enye kuchaphazela zonke iiathom ezibotshelelwe kuyo. Ukuba neshumi-engcono kodwa, amakhulu-e-athomu ezibambeneyo ezisebenza kunye zinciphisa ingxolo, kwaye umqondiso ovela kumlinganiselo uya ucaca ngakumbi, uqiniseke ngakumbi. Iiathom ezibotshelelweyo zikwanciphisa inani lamaxesha ekufuneka izazinzulu ziqhube imilinganiselo yazo, zifumana iziphumo ngexesha elincinci.
I-Spintronics - ingcamango yobugcisa. Umfanekiso wekhredithi: Creativity103 nge Flickr, CC BY 2.0
Enye indlela yokubambisa yinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-spin squeezing. Njengazo zonke izinto ezithobela imithetho ye-quantum physics, iiathomu zinokubakho kwiindawo ezininzi zamandla ngaxeshanye, isakhono esaziwa ngokuba yi-superposition. Ukucudisa nge-spin kunciphisa zonke ezo ndawo zinokwenzeka kwi-athom zibe nokwenzeka nje ezimbalwa. Kufana nokukhama ibhaluni.
Xa ucudisa ibhaluni, umbindi uyashwabana kwaye iziphelo ezichaseneyo ziba nkulu. Xa iiathom zisonta zicudiswa, uluhlu lwamazwe anokwenzeka anokuba kumxinwa kwamanye amacala kwaye anwebe kwamanye.
Kodwa kunzima ukubambisa iiathom ezikude enye kwenye. Iiathom zinonxibelelwano olunamandla kunye neeathom ezikufutshane kuzo; Okukhona zikude ii-athom, kokukhona ziba buthathaka intsebenziswano yazo.
I-Quantum physics, ulwandle lwe-excitons - ukutolika kobugcisa. Umfanekiso wekhredithi: Sigmund nge-Unsplash, ilayisenisi yasimahla
Yicinge nje njengabantu abathetha kwitheko elizele ngabantu. Abantu abasondeleyo omnye komnye banokuba nencoko, kodwa abo bangaphaya kwegumbi abanakuva kakuhle, kwaye ulwazi luyalahleka emgceni. Izazinzulu zifuna ukuba lonke iqela leathom lithethe elinye kwelinye ngaxeshanye. Iingcali zefiziksi kwihlabathi lonke zijonga iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza loo nto.
"Eyona njongo iphambili kuluntu kukuvelisa amazwe abambeneyo ukuze afumane imilinganiselo echanekileyo ngexesha elifutshane," utshilo uAdam Kaufman, ingcali yefiziksi kunye noJILA Fellow.
U-Kaufman kunye noRey basebenze kunye kwizindululo zokuphumeza oko kubanjwa, enye yazo URey kunye namaqabane akhe kwiYunivesithi yase-Innsbruck e-Austria babonisa.
Kulo vavanyo, iqela lifake i-51 ye-calcium ion kumgibe kwaye isebenzise i-lasers ukukhuthaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-laser iyavuyisa iiphonon, iintshukumo ezinje ngamaza esandi phakathi kweeathom.
Ezo phonon zandlala umgca weeathom, ziwadibanisa. Kuvavanyo lwangaphambili, la makhonkco enziwe ngobunjineli ukuba abe static, ngoko ke i-ion inokuthetha kuphela kwiseti ethile yeeyoni xa ikhanyiswa zii-laser.
I-Quantum ithi, i-quantum physics - utoliko lobugcisa. Umfanekiso wekhredithi: Ben Wicks nge-Unsplash, ilayisenisi yasimahla
Ngokongeza imimandla yangaphandle yamagnetic, kwakunokwenzeka ukwenza amakhonkco anamandla, akhule kwaye atshintshe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oko kwakuthetha ukuba i-ion enokuthetha kuphela neqela elinye leeyoni ekuqaleni inokuthetha neqela elahlukileyo, yaye ekugqibeleni, yakwazi ukuthetha nazo zonke ezinye iiyoni kuluhlu.
Oku kuyoyisa loo ngxaki yomgama, utshilo uRey, kwaye unxibelelwano beluqinile yonke indlela ezantsi kumgca weeathom. Ngoku zonke iiathom zazisebenza kunye, yaye zonke zazikwazi ukuthetha omnye komnye ngaphandle kokuphulukana nomyalezo endleleni.
Ngexeshana nje elifutshane, ii-ion zabhanga, zenza i-spin-spin-spin, kodwa ngexesha elincinci, zaguquka zaba yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-cat state. Eli lizwe lithiywe igama lika-Erwin Schrodinger ingcinga edumileyo yovavanyo malunga nesikhundla esiphezulu, apho wacebisa ukuba Ikati evalelwe ebhokisini iyaphila kwaye ifile de ibhokisi ivulwe kwaye imeko yayo inokubonwa.
Kwi-athomu, i-cat state luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-superposition apho ii-athomu zikwimeko ezimbini ezichaseneyo, njengokunyuka nokuhla, ngaxeshanye. Amazwe ekati axakeke kakhulu, uRey wachaza, ewenza abe mahle kakhulu kwisayensi yokulinganisa.
Inyathelo elilandelayo liya kuba kukuzama obu buchule ngoluhlu olunamacala amabini eathom, ukonyusa inani leathom ukuphucula ukuba zingahlala ixesha elingakanani kula mazwe abambeneyo. Ukongeza, inokuvumela izazinzulu ukuba zenze imilinganiselo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
I-Spin-squeezing entanglement inokunceda iiwotshi zeathom ezibonakalayo, ezisisixhobo esibalulekileyo somlinganiselo wesayensi. U-Kaufman kunye neqela lakhe e-JILA, kunye nabasebenzisana ne-NIST / JILA iqela likaJun Ye, bavavanya indlela eyahlukileyo esinye isifundo kulo mba we Uhlobo.
Abaphandi bafaka iiathom zestrontium ezili-140 kwileti yokukhanya, inqwelo-moya enye yokukhanya ukuze ibambe iiathom. Basebenzisa imisebe yokukhanya elawulwa kakuhle, ebizwa ngokuba ziioptical tweezers, ukuze babeke iiathom zibe ngamaqela amancinane aneathom ezili-16 ukusa kwezingama-70 lilinye.
Ngelaser ye-ultraviolet enamandla amakhulu, bavuyisa ii-athomu kwindawo ephezulu yesimo sabo "sewotshi" kunye nelizwe laseRydberg lamandla aphezulu. Obu buchule bubizwa ngokuba yiRydberg dressing.
Iiathom zesimo sewotshi zifana nabantu abazolileyo kwitheko elixineneyo; abanxibelelani ngamandla nabanye. Kodwa iiathom ezikwilizwe laseRydberg, i-electron engaphandle ikude kakhulu ukusuka kumbindi we-athomu kangangokuba iathom inkulu ngokufanelekileyo ngobukhulu, iyenza ikwazi ukusebenzisana ngamandla nezinye iiathom.
Ngoku iqela lonke liyathetha. Ngobu buchule bokucinezela, banokudala ukuthandelwa kulo lonke uluhlu lweeathom ezingama-70.
Abaphandi bathelekisa imilinganiselo ye-frequency phakathi kwamaqela e-athom angama-70 kwaye bafumanisa ukuba le ngqungquthela iphucule ukuchaneka okungaphantsi komda weengqungquthela ezingaxutywanga, ezaziwa ngokuba ngumda we-quantum standard.
Imilinganiselo ekhawulezayo, echaneke ngakumbi iya kuvumela ezi wotshi ukuba zibe ngababonisi abangcono bokukhangela into emnyama kwaye ivelise imilinganiselo yexesha elingcono kunye nobuninzi.
Amaphepha:
UJohannes Franke, uSean R. Muleady, uRaphael Kaubruegger, uFlorian Kranzl, uRainer Blatt, uAna Maria Rey, uManoj K. Joshi kunye noChristian F. Roos. I-Quantum-enhanced sensing kutshintsho lwe-optical ngokusebenzisa i-finite-range interaction. Indalo. Agasti 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038 / s41586-023-06472-z
UWilliam J. Eckner, uNelson Darkwah Oppong, uAlec Cao, uAaron W. Young, uWilliam R. Milner, uJohn M. Robinson, uJun Ye noAdam M. Kaufman. Ukuqonda ukucinezela kwe-spin kunye nokunxibelelana kwe-Rydberg kwiwotshi yokubona. Indalo. Agasti 30, 2023. DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06360-6
umthombo: NIST
