I-Ombudsman yeRiphabhlikhi yaseBulgaria, u-Diana Kovacheva, upapashe iNgxelo yoNyaka yeZiko leShumi elinanye yokuhlolwa kweendawo zokuhluthwa inkululeko kwi-2023, eyenziwa yi-National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) - i-NPM licandelo elikhethekileyo phantsi kwe-Ombudsman, ebeka iliso, ijonge kwaye ivavanye ukuthotyelwa kwamalungelo omntu ezintolongweni, amaziko okuvalelwa, amakhaya okhathalelo lwe-medico-social kubantwana, amaziko okuhlala ohlobo lwentsapho kubantwana kunye nabantu, ingqondo, amakhaya abantu abadala abakhubazekileyo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. , amaziko abafudukayo kunye neembacu, njl.
Idatha evela kwingxelo ityhila ukuba ngo-2023, iqela le-NPM lenze uhlolo lwe-50 kwiindawo ezidwelisiweyo, lathumela i-129 yeengcebiso kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo karhulumente kwaye ilandelela ukuphunyezwa kwamanyathelo athile okuphucula iimeko kwiindawo zokuhlala, ukuvalelwa okanye ukuvalelwa. ukubandezeleka entolongweni.
Uqwalaselo kunye nezigqibo ngo-2023 ziyaqhubeka nokuchonga iingxaki zenkqubo, apho iziko liye lalumkisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo amaziko anoxanduva, kodwa ngaphandle koku, akukho zisombululo zokwenyani nezaneleyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iingxaki zenkxaso-mali enganeno kunye nokunqongophala okungapheliyo kwabasebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukhathalelo lwezempilo olusemgangathweni kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo lwabantu kuzo zonke iindidi zezibonelelo ezihloliweyo zihlala zingasonjululwa ngokusisigxina. Kwakhona kukho ukungabikho kwenkxaso-mali yebhajethi yemisebenzi yentlalo kwiindawo apho izigwebo zinikezelwa khona - umsebenzi wentlalontle kunye nokubuyiselwa kwamabanjwa kuyaqhubeka nokungabaza kwiintolongo ezininzi;
Le ngxelo ishwankathela ukuba kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo, unozikhalazo ubeke isihloko sokukhusela amalungelo abantu abagula ngengqondo kuqala kwaye ngobukhali obukhethekileyo.
Kuxelwe ukuba inani elipheleleyo le-25 yokuhlolwa okungachazwanga kwenziwa kwiindawo zengqondo kunye namaziko eenkonzo zentlalo yoluntu kwixesha le-2022-2023.
“Ngokwengqiqo yeNgqungquthela Echasa Ukungcungcuthekiswa kunye nezinye Impatho Ekhohlakeleyo, engenabuntu okanye ethotywayo okanye iZohlwayo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo kunye neNgqungquthela yaseYurophu yoThintelo lweNtuthumbo kunye nempatho ethotywayo okanye isohlwayo seBhunga laseYurophu - izibhedlele zikaRhulumente zengqondo (PSHs). ) ziindawo zokuvinjwa inkululeko, njengoko ezinye izigulana zihlaliswa ngezigqibo zenkundla yaye zingenako ukuzishiya ngokuzithandela. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-ombudsman, njenge-NPM, ibeka esweni ngokukodwa uthintelo lokungcungcuthekiswa kunye nezinye iintlobo zempatho engenabuntu okanye ethoba isidima kwezi ndawo, "itsho ingxelo.
Kukwaphawulwe apho ukuba kwixesha elisuka ku-2019 ukuya ku-2022, i-ombudsman njenge-NPM ilumkisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo abasemagunyeni abanoxanduva malunga nobukho beengxaki ezingapheliyo kwizibhedlele zengqondo zengqondo, iimeko ezihlazisayo zokuphila, ukungondleki okungapheliyo kwezigulana ngenxa yemodeli yenkxaso-mali engalunganga. zifunyenwe, umgangatho ophantsi wokhathalelo lwezonyango, ukungabikho kwabasebenzi kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ozinzileyo wokuwoyisa, kubandakanywa ukungabikho kweenkonzo zentlalo ukunceda ukubuyiselwa kwezigulane kwii-PSHs.
Ngokuphathelene noku, i-Ombudsman igxininisa ukuba inani lamanyathelo angxamisekileyo athathwe ukuthintela naluphi na uhlobo lwempatho ethoba isidima okanye intuthumbo. Okokuqala, ukwahlula isenzo "sokuhlushwa" njengolwaphulo-mthetho oluzimeleyo, ngokulandelayo - ukubandakanya kwimisebenzi yokulawula ngokufanelekileyo - ngesiseko soBugcisa. I-127, inqaku lesi-4 loMgaqo-siseko weRiphabhliki yaseBulgaria ukuba iofisi yomtshutshisi isebenzise iliso elithe rhoqo ekuphunyezweni kolwaphulo-mthetho kunye namanye amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kuzo zonke izibhedlele zengqondo zengqondo, kuba zigcinwe iindawo zokuhluthwa inkululeko.
I-ombudsman ikwacebisa ukuba kuhlaziywe isakhelo somthetho senkqubo yokusebenzisa imilinganiselo yokuthintela okwethutyana kwizigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okusekiweyo kunye nokwenza iprotocol yokusebenzisa amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa "ukunyanzeliswa" kunye "nokwahlukaniswa", apho kufuneka kucace gca. kuqatshelwe ukuba liliphi ixesha kunye nokuba kangaphi izigulane zinokuthi zibekwe zodwa kwaye zithintelwe (zibotshwe) kwixesha leeyure ezingama-24, kunye nokucacisa izizathu apho le miqathango isetyenziswa khona.
Ingxelo iphinda igxininise ekwandiseni amathuba okulawulwa koluntu ngokubandakanywa okunyanzelekileyo komntu onemfundo yezomthetho kunye nommeli wentlangano yamalungelo oluntu engekho phantsi korhulumente ekubunjweni kweKomishoni yokuHlola ukuPhunyezwa kweMiqathango yokuZinqanda okwethutyana, ngokunjalo nokumanyanisa indlela yokuxhasa ngemali kuzo zonke izibonelelo zonyango kunyango lwezigulana, zibotshelelwa ngumgangatho wenkonzo yokhathalelo lwempilo olubonelelwayo.
Le ngxelo ikwachaza esona siganeko sibi kakhulu sokungcungcuthekiswa ukusukela ekuqaleni kwegunya leOmbudsman njenge-NPM. Lo ngumlilo owenzeka ngo-Oktobha 2, 2023 kwiSibhedlele sikaRhulumente seNgqondo – eLovech, apho kwabhubha isigulane. Umfana osweleke kumlilo kwiwadi eyedwa kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo eLovech, ufe wagwetywa ukuba alale kwigumbi elihlala yedwa iiyure ezisi-9, ezi-6 kubo zibotshelelwe. Ngokutsho kwe-ombudsman, u-Diana Kovacheva, lo mlinganiso uhlushwa. Unyanzelisa ukuba kubekwe iliso elikhethekileyo kuphando yi-ofisi yomtshutshisi. Kwaye kwakhona ukubeka iliso kuwo onke amanyathelo okunyanzeliswa kwengqondo, ukuguqula umgaqo wokuzihlukanisa.Ukuhlolwa kwe-ombudsman apho kubonise ubuthathaka obuninzi kwinkqubo yokubonelela ngononophelo lwengqondo olusemgangathweni kunye nokukhuselwa kwabagula ngengqondo. Ngokomzekelo - iintsilelo kwisikhokelo somthetho kunye nezenzo zokuphumeza amanyathelo okuthintela okwethutyana kwabantu kwi-PSHs, ukungabikho kweendlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula ngamaziko karhulumente, kunye neengxaki ezingapheliyo kunye nomgangatho wokunyamekela kwengqondo okunikezelwayo ngenxa yenkxaso-mali eyaneleyo. yomsebenzi.
Olunye ujoliso lwengxelo ye-NPM lunxulumene nokusilela malunga namalungelo abantwana abakungquzulwano nomthetho.
Ikwabonisa ukuba kwingxelo nganye yonyaka ye-NPM, isincomo senziwe ngokungaguquguqukiyo ukuba kuvalwe izikolo ezihlalwa phantsi kwaye kuqaliswe amanyathelo anamhlanje kunye asebenzayo kunye nabaphuli-mthetho abangabantwana, okubandakanya ubulungisa bokubuyisela kunye nomsebenzi wokuthintela, kunye nokudalwa koluntu olukhuselayo. inkqubo. ngothungelwano lweenkonzo (iinkonzo ezidityanisiweyo kunye nemfundo, intlalo-ntle kunye namanyathelo okhuselo kunye neendlela zenkxaso) malunga nabantwana abakungquzulwano nomthetho.
Ngokubhekiselele koku, ingxelo ichaza ukuba ngo-2023 amaqela e-ombudsman evela kwi-NPM kunye neCandelo loLawulo lwamaLungelo aBantwana aqhuba uhlolo oluhlanganyelweyo kwiZikolo zeMfundo eziBhodayo (EBS) kunye neZikolo zeNtlalo kunye neziFundo zokuHlala (SPBS) ukuvavanya ukufumaneka okanye ukungabikho inkqubela kwiNgxelo yesiThathu ePhakamileyo ngamaLungelo abantwana abaBekwe kuMaziko eMfundo ePhakamileyo nakuMaziko eMfundo ePhakamileyo.
“Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwenkqubo ye-ombudsman, izikolo ezine zokuhlala zavalwa, njengaleyo ikwilali yaseDragodanovo, kumasipala waseSliven. Inani labantwana abahlaliswayo kwabathathu abaseleyo lehlile laya kutsho kubantwana abangama-88. Uninzi lwabantwana bangamaxhoba eemeko ebomini babo - intlupheko , ukungabikho kweemeko zezindlu eziqhelekileyo, abazali abahlukeneyo kunye / okanye abo bafuduka kwezoqoqosho kumazwe angaphandle Isiseko sezinto eziphathekayo sikwimeko embi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukulungiswa kwenxenye okwenziwa Utyalo-mali. yezibonelelo (zemali, zobugcisa kunye nabantu) kwinkqubo ye-EBSs kunye ne-SPBS ayifanelekanga. Iinzame zabasemagunyeni kufuneka zigxininise ngokupheleleyo ekuvalweni ngokukhawuleza kwala maziko kunye nokudalwa kwenkqubo yentlalo ekhuselayo equka uthungelwano lweenkonzo (iinkonzo ezidibeneyo kunye nemfundo, i-psycho-social kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela kunye neendlela zenkxaso) ngokunxulumene nabantwana abathe baxhamla kwi-intanethi. ziyangqubana nomthetho,” yongeza ingxelo.
Apho, kukhunjulwe ukuba kwiNgxelo yesiThathu yomxholo ngamalungelo abantwana ababekwe kuMaziko eMfundo ePhakamileyo nakuMaziko eMfundo yaBafundi baseSekondari, kwafunyaniswa uthotho lwezenzo ezigwenxa ezingapheliyo, ukuba amaZiko eMfundo ePhakamileyo kunye namaZiko eMfundo yaseSekondari awayifikeleli imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe, kuba wona ayazi ukuba aMaziko eMfundo ePhakamileyo naMaziko aPhakamileyo awayifikeleli imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. zivela kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba "zizakhiwo ze-barrack" ezineendawo zokulala eziqhelekileyo, amagumbi okuhlambela, izindlu zangasese. Kwaye abantwana abahlala kuzo abagcini nje ukufikelela kwimfundo esemgangathweni kunye nonyango, kodwa nezihlobo zabo azikwazi ukubatyelela ngenxa yokuba kude kwamaziko kunye nokungabikho kwemali. Ukongeza, amanyathelo emfundo aneempawu zokucinezelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi isiphumo sabo semfundo kukumisela isohlwayo okanye uthintelo. Kwaqatshelwa ukungabikho kolawulo lwenkundla lwamaxesha athile kunye nobonelelo loncedo lwezomthetho kubantwana ababekwe ngokunxulumene namanyathelo emfundo amiselweyo kubo.
Phakathi kwezinye iingxaki ezikhankanyiweyo kukuba umthetho osebenzayo awubavumeli abantwana abangaphantsi kwesikolo abafakwe kwiziko lemfundo - isikolo ekuhlalwa kuso ukuba bafake izicelo kumagunya enkundla ukuze bacele ukuphononongwa kwakhona kokuvalelwa kwabo. Kanye nokuba kumthetho wangaphakathi waseBulgaria akukho kuhlolwa kwexesha kunye nokuzenzekelayo ngokumalunga nokuvalelwa okuchaphazelekayo.
KwiNgxelo yeshumi elinanye ye-Ombudsman njenge-NPM ngomnye unyaka, kugxininiswa ukuba ukwamkelwa komgaqo-nkqubo wesizwe kunye nesicwangciso sobulungisa babantwana esinexesha elide kuyimfuneko. Kwakunye nokuba iinzame zabasemagunyeni kufuneka zigxininise ngokupheleleyo ekuvaleni ngokukhawuleza amaziko abantwana abangquzulana nomthetho kunye nokudalwa kwenkqubo yentlalo ekhuselweyo ebandakanya uthungelwano lweenkonzo (iinkonzo ezidibeneyo kunye nezemfundo, zengqondo-zentlalo kunye amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye neendlela zenkxaso) ngokunxulumene naba bantwana.
"Isincomo sesidingo sokuthatha amanyathelo asebenzayo omthetho wokutshintshwa kwi-NPC ye-Directive 2016/800 / ye-EU malunga neziqinisekiso zenkqubo kubantwana abatyholwa okanye abatyholwa kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho," i-ombudsman iphinda ithi.
Ngo-2023, i-NPM iya kwenza uhlolo olu-3 olucwangcisiweyo kunye ne-11 engachazwanga kumaziko ezentlalo kubantwana nakubantu abadala.
Kwakhona, isincomo se-ombudsman kukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokususa ukunakekelwa kwabantu abadala, kuba ukuhlala ixesha elide labantu abakhubazekileyo kumaziko aphula amalungelo oluntu asisiseko, kwaye amakhaya ngokwawo angachazwa njengeendawo zokuhluthwa inkululeko.
Ingxelo ibonisa enye into ekhathazayo - ubukho bamaziko asixhenxe anomthamo wabantu abangaphezu kwe-100 (enye kunye ne-228), ehlala kude kakhulu kumaziko kamasipala kunye nezibhedlele, ngokungabikho kweengcali zokuzinyamekela.
“Okwangoku, ngamakhaya ali-9 kuphela abantu abakhubazekileyo ngokwengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo avaliweyo. Kwakhona, kuye kwasekwa ukuba amakhaya awafikeleli nayiphi na imilinganiselo yokubonelela ngenkonzo yentlalontle esemgangathweni kubantu abakhubazekileyo. Isimo sengqondo ngakubantu abahlaliswayo nokuhlala kwabo apho asiyonto imbi kwaye iyahlazisa nje kuphela, kodwa amalungelo abo asisiseko ayanyhashwa,” itshilo ingxelo. Oko kukuthi, ilungelo lokuhamba ngokukhululekileyo kunye noqhagamshelwano kunye nehlabathi langaphandle; lokhathalelo lwengqondo nonyango olusemgangathweni; yendawo yobuqu kunye neemeko ezisemgangathweni zococeko kunye neendawo zokuhlala, kunye nelungelo lokhathalelo lomntu ngamnye.
UNozikhalazo uphinde waphawula ukungabikho kwentando kunye nombono obonakalayo wokuhambisa iinkonzo zokhathalelo lweendawo zokuhlala eluntwini. Endaweni yoko, kujongwa umkhwa ochaseneyo - isiseko sezinto ezisisiseko kula maziko sihlala siyafana, akude kakhulu neziko likamasipala, amaxesha amaninzi iziseko ezikhaphayo zibuye zakhiwe ngeemali ezincinci ukudala izindlu ezikhuselekileyo kunye namaziko okuhlala ohlobo losapho. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni iinkonzo ezintsha zibekwe kwisakhiwo esinye okanye kwiyadi yenkonzo yendawo yokuhlala.
Ingxelo itsalela ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ngo-2023, umkhwa wokuhlolwa komthamo omkhulu kwiindawo zokuvalelwa kwezigwebo zoMphathiswa wezoBulungisa uyaqhubeka.
“Ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha 2022, kwapapashwa ingxelo yeKomiti YaseYurophu Ejongene Nokungcungcuthekiswa Nokuphathwa Ngenkohlakalo okanye Okuthotywa Isidima okanye Isohlwayo kutyelelo lwayo lwesibhozo eBulgaria. IKomiti ichaza njengeyangoku kwaye ibalulekile iingxaki ezinxulumene nobundlobongela phakathi kwamabanjwa, iimeko ezingonelisiyo ezintolongweni nakumaziko okuvalelwa kweli lizwe, ukwanda kweencukuthu kunye namaphela, kunye nokungabikho kwemisebenzi enentsingiselo neyakhayo kwabo bavinjwe amathuba. yenkululeko yabo. Ezi ziphumo zingentla zikwaqinisekiswa luhlolo olwenziwa nguNozikhalazo kwisikhundla sakhe njenge-NPM ngo-2023, nto leyo ebonisa ngokucacileyo imfuneko eqhubekayo yokuguqula umgaqo-nkqubo wezohlwayo kwinkqubo yentolongo,” yatsho ingxelo.
Kuyagxininiswa ukuba eyona nto iphambili ifunyanisiweyo kweli candelo iyaqhubeka ibe kukunqongophala kwesisombululo esisebenzayo kwiingxaki ezininzi ezisisiseko, ezizezi - ukusilela kwenkqubo kukhathalelo lwezonyango lwamabanjwa; ukusilela okuqhubelekayo kunye ne-inventri yeebhedi eziphelelwe lixabiso; iingxaki ezingasonjululwanga kunye nobukho bamaphela, iincukuthu kunye nezinye izinambuzane kwiindawo zokuhluthwa inkululeko, njl.
Olunye ugxininiso kwingxelo kukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu abavalelwe kwiindawo zokuhlala zoMphathiswa we-Interior. Ngo-2023, bebonke bangama-2,509 abantu abanjalo bajongwa kolu hlolo.
Ukuphunyezwa kweengcebiso ezenziwe ngo-2022 ngokumalunga namalungelo abantwana kunye nabantu abafuna okanye abanqatshelwe ukukhuselwa ngamazwe ngamazwe kwajongwa.
Ngo-2023, i-ombudsman yenza uhlolo kwiindawo ezine zokuhlala kwabantu abavalelweyo kwinkqubo yoMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi. Kwafunyaniswa apho ukuba iimeko zokuphila eziphathekayo ziqhubeka zihlwempuzekile, zingenako ukufikelela okuncinci emini kunye nesiseko sezinto eziphathekayo.
Kwaye ngo-2023, kwisikhundla sakhe njenge-NPM, i-ombudsman iya kuqhuba uhlolo kumaziko okuhlalisa abantu basemzini okwexeshana phantsi koMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi kunye nakumaziko okuhlalisa iimbacu phantsi kwe-Arhente kaRhulumente yeeMbacu (SRA) phantsi IBhunga laBaphathiswa. Ingqwalasela ephambili yohlolo ngalunye luvavanyo lweemeko apho abantwana abangakhatshwayo bahlala phantsi kwazo kunye neendlela zenkxaso ezibonelelweyo.
Iitshekhi zifumene ukuba i-2023, ngokwezibalo ze-SRA, izicelo ze-5,702 zokukhusela ngamazwe zifakwe ngabantwana abangenayo. Kwaba, abangama-3,843 basuka kubantwana abangakhatshwanga, kwaye i-1,416 lisuka kubantwana. 2023 49 abantwana abangakhatshwanga bahlaliswa kumaziko eenkonzo zoluntu.
"Kuyakhathaza kwakhona ukuba abantwana abaninzi abangakhatshwanga bayanyamalala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezivulekileyo ze-SRA phantsi kweBhunga labaPhathiswa, kwisithuba seveki okanye ezimbini, beqhubeka nendlela yabo yokuya eNtshona Yurophu ngeendlela ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neendleko zembacu ezingekho mthethweni," i-ombudsman yagxininisa Ingxelo yoNyaka.
Utsalela ingqalelo kwinto yokuba ukuhlolwa ngo-2023 kukwafumene inani elandayo labantwana abangahambiyo kwiimeko zeengxaki ezisisiseko ezingasonjululwanga ngokusisigxina. Umzekelo – isindululo sikanozikhalazo ukusukela ngo-2022 asikaphunyezwa kwaye iziko loBhaliso nolwamkelo – iHarmanli iyaqhubeka nokuba nendawo ekhuselekileyo yabantwana abangakhatshwayo nabancinci abafuna ukhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukufaneleka kwesiphakamiso sokungeniswa komgaqo-nkqubo ocwangcisiweyo wokukhusela kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwabantwana abancinci abangahambanga kuyaqhubeka. I-ombudsman ibonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya amanyathelo anokwenzeka okuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kunye nenkxaso kubantwana abancinci abangahambelaniyo abaye bafumana isimo ngokudityaniswa kuluntu kwaye ukuba abafuni ukufakwa kwindawo yokuhlala yokuhlala.
Ngo-2023, i-ombudsman ibeke iliso ekuphunyezweni kwamanyathelo okulawula okunyanzeliswa kwe-33 ekubuyeleni kwilizwe lemvelaphi, ilizwe lokuhamba okanye ilizwe lesithathu kunye nokugxothwa.
Amaqela okubeka esweni afumene iingxaki zenkqubo xa kuhlolwa iifayili zobuqu zabantu basemzini - ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wokungagqitywanga kwamaxwebhu, ngakumbi malunga nesibheno semiyalelo yokumisela amanyathelo olawulo olunyanzelo; ubungqina obulahlekileyo bokuba abemi bamazwe angaphandle bayayazi umxholo wemiyalelo enikezelwe kubo ukuba banyanzelise amanyathelo olawulo olunyanzelo, kunye nelungelo labo lokubhena ngokuhambelana neKhowudi yeNkqubo yoLawulo; ukungabikho kobungqina bokuba abantu basemzini abahlaliswe kumakhaya aKhethekileyo ukuze bahlale okwexeshana abantu basemzini bayalazi ilungelo labo lokufumana uncedo lwezomthetho nokuba baye badibana namagqwetha athe athetha nabo baza babazisa ngamalungelo abo kunye nokhetho lomthetho, njl.
Ifoto: Diana Kovacheva / Cinezela iziko le-ombudsman
