Ukuba ufunde nawaphi na amabali malunga nophando lwe-quantum mva nje, kwiiNdaba zase-Columbia okanye kwenye indawo, usenokuba ulivile eli gama. I-2D okanye i-dimensional-dimensional materials.
Umzobo wesakhiwo seatom yegraphene, uhlobo lwekhabhoni eyomeleleyo ye-2D.
NgoJanuwari, iikhemisti zaseColumbia zipapashe isifundo malunga neyokuqala I-2D i-fermion enzima, iklasi yezinto eziphathekayo kunye nee-electron ezinzima kakhulu. NgoNovemba, isikolo sobuNjineli sapapasha ibali “Laser-Ukuqhuba a Material 2D.” Kwaye ekuqaleni konyaka ophelileyo, abaphandi bafumene zombini i-superconductivity kunye ne-ferroelectricity kwizinto ezifanayo ze-2D. Uluhlu luyaqhubeka.
Ke, zithini izixhobo ze-2D kwaye kutheni izazinzulu zinomdla kangaka?
Iimathiriyeli ezine-dimensional zinjalo kanye ezivakala ngathi: Izixhobo ezi-1 okanye ii-atom ezi-2 ubukhulu kodwa zibanzi kuwo onke amanye amacala. Rhoqo izixhobo ze-2D zenzululwazi ezisebenza nazo zizikwere zemicrometers ezimbalwa ezinkulu- azibonakali ngeliso lenyama, kodwa zibonakala ngohlobo lwemakroskopu onokuthi uyisebenzise kwiiklasi zesayensi zamabanga aphakamileyo. Izixhobo ze-2D ezisebenza ngazo izazinzulu zingumxube wezinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo, njengegraphene, uhlobo lwekhabhoni eyomeleleyo efunyenwe e-Columbia ngo-2004, kunye nemathiriyeli eyenziwe kwiilebhu, njengeCeSil, ikristale eyaqala ukuhlanganiswa eColumbia kunyaka ophelileyo. yenziwe nge-cerium, i-silicon, kunye ne-iodine. Ezi zixhobo zihlala ziqala njenge-ntathu-dimensional, kwaye izazinzulu ziyazihlikihla ziye kwimilinganiselo emibini ukuze ziqhube iimvavanyo kuzo kwaye zifumanise ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezibonakalayo, ezifana intsebenzo ephezulu or Umazibuthe, inokuvela xa imathiriyeli i-atom-flat. Izazinzulu zisebenzela ukuphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokwenza izinto ze-2D ukusuka ekuqaleni, ngaphandle kokufuna ukuzixobula phantsi kwi-3D, kodwa umgangatho wezi zinto awukafezeki.
Izinto ezininzi zenza imathiriyeli ye-2D ibe nomdla kodwa eyona nto iphambili kukuba zivala iindlela amasuntswana anjengeelektroni anokuhambisa ngaphakathi kuwo. Columbia Chemist Xavier Roy usebenzise isifaniso sendlela ukucacisa:
“Yicinge ngolu hlobo le nto: Ukuba besineenqwelo-mafutha ezibhabhayo ezinokuhamba kwindawo enomacala amathathu, besiya kukwazi ukunciphisa izithuthi ezininzi eNew York. Kodwa kuba iimoto zethu zangoku zinokuhamba kuphela kumacala amabini, siphela sinemibhobho yetrafikhi eTimes Square, utshilo uRoy kudliwanondlebe lwakutsha nje.
Kwenzeka into efanayo kwii-electron xa sisuka kwi-3D ukuya kwi-2D, kodwa kwimeko yethu, 'i-traffic' phakathi kwee-electron iluncedo! Njengoko olu nxibelelwano lwe-electron-electron luba namandla, sinokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo iipropati zezinto. Umzekelo, njengoko ubukhulu bezinto ze-3D ezinzima zefermion zincitshiswa (okt njengokuba ziba yi-2D ngaphezulu), zinokuguquka ukusuka ekubeni yimagnethi ukuya kwi-superconducting.
Iimathiriyeli ezine-dimensional zinokulungiswa ngokulula: Ukuzipakisha ngee-engile ezincinci phakathi kwamaleko, ukusebenzisa amandla afana nemimandla yombane kunye nemagnethi, kunye noxinzelelo lwemathiriyeli ngokujija okanye ukufaka uxinzelelo kuzo kunokutshintsha iipropathi zazo. Thatha nje umzekelo ube mnye: Ngokubeka ngokulula amaphepha amabini ezinto ezibizwa ngokuba yi-tungsten diselenide phezu kwelinye, uwajije, kwaye wongeze okanye ususe intlawulo yombane, imathiriyeli. inokutshintsha ukusuka kwintsimbi ehambisa umbane ukuya kwi-insulator yokuthintela umbane kwaye ubuye kwakhona.
Izazinzulu zikwachulumancile kukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ye-2D kwitekhnoloji, leyo izazinzulu zihlala zibhekisa kuyo “njengezicelo.”
Izixhobo ezinamacala amabini ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo sobuchwephesha, kubandakanya nophuhliso olungaphantsi kophuhliso lweekhompyuter zequantum. Ngoba? Inxalenye enkulu, ngenxa yokuba izinto ze-2D ziyi-ultra-encinci kunye neempawu ezizodwa, ezilawulwayo (ezifana ne-superconductivity), kwaye iteknoloji ihlala ifuna into enokufikelela kwiziphumo ngokukhawuleza, ngokufanelekileyo, kunye nokusebenzisa indawo encinci.
umthombo: Columbia University
