I-Brexit: Ukuhamba kanjani ukuya e-European Union kusuka ngo-2021 kuzoshintsha

Ngokobuchwepheshe i-UK iyishiyile i-European Union, kodwa ngokombono womhambi, akukho okubalulekile okushintshile ngesikhathi senguquko. Lokhu kuzophela ngo-11pm GMT (phakathi kwamabili Isikhathi saseNtshonalanga Yurophu) ngomhlaka-31 Disemba 2020.

Ngemuva kwalokho, impilo yezivakashi zaseBrithani eziya e-EU iba yehluke kakhulu. Okuhlukile ku-Ireland, lapho kunezinguquko ezincane kakhulu: ikakhulukazi imithetho yomshuwalense wendabuko kanye nemoto.

Kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo Europe, lezi izinguquko ezibucayi kakhulu.

Ngisho noma unepasipoti e-burgundy ene-"European Union" esembozweni, izoqhubeka isebenza njengedokhumenti yokuvakasha yase-UK. Inkinga ukuthi, kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021, imithetho yase-Europe mayelana nokusebenza kwamaphasiphothi iba namandla kakhulu.Funda kabanzi

Ngosuku lokuya e-EU (kanye nabangewona amalungu e-Andorra, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, San Marino, Switzerland kanye ne-plucky Vatican City) ipasipoti yakho kufanele iphumelele izivivinyo ezimbili.

1. Ingabe yakhishwa ngaphansi kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezedlule?

2. Ingabe inokusebenza kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ezisele.

Isizathu: I-UK ngokwesiko inikeze ukuvuselelwa okufika ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-10 evamile. Ngakho-ke iphasiphothi ekhishwe ngomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2011 ingakhombisa usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi lwangomhla zingama-30 kuNdasa wezi-2022.

Nakuba lokhu kwakukuhle ngenkathi i-UK iyingxenye ye-European Union, abahambi baseBrithani kufanele manje bahlangabezane nemithetho eqinile mayelana nokuba semthethweni kwamaphasiphothi ezivakashi ezivela “emazweni esithathu”.

Ikakhulukazi, amaphasipoti akhishwa amazwe angewona amalungu athathwa njengaphelelwe yisikhathi uma esesebenze iminyaka eyi-10.

Nakuba idethi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi ephrintiwe kupasipoti isasebenza e-UK nakwamanye amazwe angewona awe-EU emhlabeni jikelele, ngaphakathi kwe-European Union usuku lokukhishwa lubalulekile.

Iphasipoti ekhishwe ngomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2011 ithathwa yi-EU njengephelelwa yisikhathi ngomhla zingama-30 kuJuni 2021. Ngakho-ke uma umnikazi ezama ukugibela indiza eya e-European Union ngoSuku LukaNcibijane 2021, izobhekwa njengengenakho ukusebenza obanele futhi inkampani yezindiza izoba nelungelo. baphoqeleke ukubajikisa - nakuba ipasipoti yaseBrithani inezinyanga ezicishe zibe yi-15 ukusebenza.

Kuze kube uSepthemba 2018, uhulumeni ubonakale engayazi le nkinga. Kuthe uma sekuhlonzwa lolu daba, umkhuba wokudedelwa kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye waphela isigubhukane.

Imizila esheshayo ye-EU yokulawula amaphasipoti ngeke isavulelwa abahambi baseBrithani, nakuba amazwe athola inani elikhulu lezivakashi ezivela e-UK, njenge Spain kanye nePortugal, angenza amalungiselelo akhethekile.

Inqubo cishe izohamba kancane, futhi ingabi nasiqinisekiso sokungena.

Okwamanje, konke esingakwenza yisikhulu sasemngceleni ukuhlola ukuthi incwadi yokuhamba isemthethweni, nokuthi ngeyakho.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021, isikhulu sidingwa ngumthetho we-EU ukuthi sihlole ngokujulile. Bangase babuze injongo yokuvakasha, lapho uhlela ukuhamba nokuhlala khona, ukuthi uhlose ukuhlala isikhathi esingakanani ku-EU nokuthi uhlongoza kanjani ukukhokhela ukuhlala kwakho.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021, "umthetho we-90/180" uqala ukusebenza. Kwabavakashi bamaholide nabahambi bebhizinisi abavame ukuhlala isikhathi eside eYurophu, kunemiphumela ebalulekile. Ungahlala izinsuku ezingama-90 kuphela (cishe izinyanga ezintathu) kunoma yimaphi ama-180 (izinyanga eziyisithupha).

Isibonelo: uma uchitha u-January, February no-March e-EU - ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu-90 - kufanele ushiye indawo ngaphambi komhla woku-1 ku-April futhi awukwazi ukubuya kuze kube umhla zingama-30 kuJuni.

Uyobe usukwazi ukuchitha ihlobo e-Europe kuze kube umhla zingama-27 kuMandulo, lapho kufanele uhambe futhi – futhi awukwazi ukubuya kuze kube yi-Boxing Day.

Noma yisiphi isikhathi esichithwe e-EU kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2020 asibalwa. Ngakho-ke uma uchitha uDisemba eSpain, iwashi aliqali ukuphawula kuze kube uSuku LukaNcibijane.

Uhulumeni wase-UK uthi: “Kuzosebenza imithetho ehlukene Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus kanye Romania. Uma uvakashela lawa mazwe, ukuvakasha kwamanye amazwe e-EU ngeke kubalele enanini lezinsuku ezingama-90.”

Izakhamizi zaseBrithani zingahlala isikhathi eside ngendlela ezithanda ngayo eRiphabhulikhi yase-Ireland.

Abantu abane-visa yomsebenzi noma yokuhlala yezwe elithile le-EU bazophathwa ngendlela ehlukile.

Ekuqaleni ngeke badingeke, kodwa kusukela ngo-2022 (noma mhlawumbe kamuva) izivakashi zaseBrithani zizodinga ukubhalisa ku-inthanethi futhi zikhokhele kusengaphambili imvume ye-“Etias” ngaphansi kwe-European Travel Information and Authorisation System.

Ngaphambilini ibingekho imikhawulo enanini lezimpahla ongaziletha ezivela emazweni ase-European Union. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2021, i-European Union izophathwa ngendlela efanayo nomhlaba wonke - okusho ukuthi manje sekunemingcele eqinile yokuthi yini ongayibuyisa ngaphandle kokusebenza.

Ukuze utshwala, imikhawulo ingamalitha angu-4 esipirithi noma amalitha angu-9 ewayini elicwebezelayo, amalitha angu-18 ewayini elinganyakazi kanye namalitha angu-16 kabhiya, ngethemba lokuthi azobonana nawe okungenani kusihlwa. Abafika e-UK bazophinde bafanelekele ukuletha osikilidi bamahhala abangama-200.

“Noma yini okwandisa ukutholakala kukagwayi kuyisinyathelo esibi empilweni yomphakathi,” kusho iBritish Medical Association.

Uma weqa noma yimuphi wale mikhawulo, uzokhokha intela kuyo yonke indawo.

Kunomkhawulo wama-euro angama-430 - cishe u-£400 - wazo zonke ezinye izimpahla, ukusuka ku-Camembert kuya kwezingubo.

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40, abahambi baseBrithani baye bazuza ekwelashweni kwamahhala noma okungabizi kakhulu e-EU nasezinhlanganweni ezandulele. Ikhadi Lomshwalense Wezempilo WaseYurophu (Ehic) kanye nedokhumenti elithathelwe indawo esikhundleni, i-E111, kubonakale kuwusizo kakhulu kubahambi abaningi asebekhulile, kanye/noma abantu abanezimo zokwelashwa ezivele zikhona.

Selokhu kwaba nenhlolovo ye-EU, uhulumeni usho kaningi ukuthi unethemba lokusungula isivumelwano sezempilo esifana nekhadi le-European Health Insurance Card (Ehic).

Ngokwesibonelo, ungqongqoshe wezempilo wangaleso sikhathi, uStephen Hammond, wathi: “Umnyango uyaqaphela ukuthi abantu abanezimo ezikhona ngaphambili bathembele ku-Ehic ukuze bakwazi ukuhamba.”

Ukuzenzisa manje sekuyekiwe, futhi uhulumeni manje uthi: “Kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uthole umshwalense wokuhamba ofanele onomshuwalense wezempilo ngaphambi kokuba uye phesheya.

"Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uthole umshwalense wokuhamba onekhava efanele uma unesimo sezempilo esivele sikhona."

I-Association of British Insurers iyaxwayisa: “Izindleko zezimangalo eYurophu manje ziyehliswa ngenxa yokuba khona kwe-Ehic, ehlanganisa ezinye noma zonke izindleko zezokwelapha ezinikezwa uhulumeni.

"Uma ingekho i-Ehic noma isivumelwano esifanayo sezempilo esivumelanayo, abadayisi bomshwalense nakanjani bazobona ukwenyuka kwezindleko zezicelo - lokhu kungaba nomthelela oqondile emananini akhokhiswa abathengi."

I-latitude eyodwa encane: uma ungena ezweni le-EU ngomhlaka-31 Disemba 2020, i-Ehic yakho izohlala isebenza kuze kube yilapho uhamba kulelo zwe.

Ilayisense yakho inophawu lwe-EU kodwa, njengamapasi, isazosebenza njengedokhumenti yase-UK kusukela ngo-2021 kuze kube usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi.

Uhulumeni uthi: “Ungadinga amaphepha engeziwe kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021. Ungase udinge imvume yokushayela yamazwe ngamazwe (IDP) ukuze ushayele kwamanye amazwe.”

Eqinisweni, ungase udinge ezimbili. I-IDP yango-1949 (unyaka owodwa evumelekile) iyadingeka eSpain, eCyprus naseMalta, kuyilapho inguqulo yango-1968 (iminyaka emithathu esebenzayo) isebenza kwenye indawo e-EU.

I-IDP iwumqulu wakudala otholakala emaposini amakhulu. Thatha ilayisense yakho yokushayela kanye nesithombe sepasipoti kanye no-£5.50 kumvume ngayinye oyidingayo.

Ngaphansi komyalelo womshwalense wemoto we-European Union 2009, noma iyiphi imoto enomshwalense osemthethweni ezweni elilodwa le-EU ingashayelwa phakathi kwamanye amazwe ase-Europe ngenqubomgomo efanayo.

Kusukela mhla lu-1 kuMasingana uzodinga “Ikhadi Eliluhlaza” – ukuhunyushwa okusemthethweni, ngezilimi eziningi komshwalense wemoto yakho okukhombisa ukuthi uhlangabezana nezidingo ezincane zekhava yezwe olivakashelayo.

Abadayisi bomshwalense ngokuvamile bazozihlinzeka mahhala, kodwa zidinga isaziso esingamaviki amabili.

Okwamanje, asikho isivumelwano esisemthethweni sanoma yiziphi izindiza phakathi kwe-UK ne-European Union kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021.

Unobhala wezokuthutha, uGrant Shapps, uthi: “Okubalulekile kuhulumeni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izindiza zingaqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuphepha, ngokuphepha nangokugcina isikhathi phakathi kwe-UK/EU ekupheleni kwenkathi yoshintsho, kungakhathaliseki umphumela wezingxoxo.

"Ukuhamba ngendiza kubalulekile e-UK nase-EU ekuxhumaniseni abantu nasekuqhubekiseni ezohwebo nezokuvakasha, futhi siyaqiniseka ukuthi kuzoba nezinyathelo ezizovumela ukuqhubeka nokuxhumana emoyeni ngemuva kokuphela kuka-2020."

Okunye ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumulo sezindiza sase-UK okubangelwa imithetho emisha eqinile yamaphasiphothi kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala uma inani elikhulu labahambi baseBrithani benqatshelwa ukugibela.

Imikhumbi izoqhubeka nokuhamba futhi izitimela zizoqhubeka nokusebenza, kodwa iHhovisi Likazwelonke Lokucwaningwa Kwamabhuku (i-NAO) lixwayisa ngokuthi abashayeli abathatha izimoto zabo baziyise eFrance ngezikebhe ezisuka e-Dover noma e-Eurotunnel zisuka e-Folkestone zilinda amahora afinyelela kwamabili uma kuphela inguquko ye-Brexit - futhi ukuthi imigqa ingaba “inde kakhulu” ehlobo.

Kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021, ukuvinjelwa okubanzi kwe-EU ezindlekweni zokuzulazula zamakholi wefoni nokusebenzisa i-inthanethi akusasebenzi kubantu abanamaselula ase-UK. Abahlinzeki bazokhululeka ukufaka noma yiziphi izimali abazifisayo.

Kodwa bonke abahlinzeki abakhulu bashilo The Independent abahlosile ukubuyisa amacala okuzulazula.

U-O2 uthi: “Sizibophezele ekunikezeni amakhasimende ethu ukuxhumana okuhle nenani lapho ehambela ngaphandle kwase-UK. Okwamanje asinazo izinhlelo zokushintsha izinsiza zethu zokuzulazula kulo lonke elaseYurophu, sigcine izinhlelo zethu 'Zokuzulazula Njengasekhaya'."

3 ithi: “Sizokunikeza ukuzulazula kwe-EU kwamahhala ngokufanayo.”

I-EE ithi: “Amakhasimende ethu ajabulela ukuzulazula okubandakanya bonke e-Europe nangale kwayo, futhi asinazo izinhlelo zokushintsha lokhu ngokusekelwe kumphumela we-Brexit. Ngakho-ke amakhasimende ethu aya eholidini futhi ehambela e-EU azoqhubeka nokujabulela ukuzulazula okubandakanya bonke. ”

I-Vodafone ithi: "Asinazo izinhlelo zokuqalisa kabusha izindleko zokuzulazula ngemuva kwe-Brexit."

Uma laba noma abanye abahlinzeki bethula izindleko zokuzulazula, uhulumeni uthi uzovala inani eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwedatha yeselula ngenkathi uphesheya kwezilwandle ngo-£49 ngenyanga ngaphandle uma umsebenzisi evuma ukukhokha ngaphezulu.

Sekuyiminyaka eminingi abahambi baseBrithani bekwazi ukuthatha ikati, inja noma i-ferret phesheya ngemithetho emincane.

Uhulumeni uthi "usebenzisana neKhomishini YaseYurophu ukuqinisekisa uhlelo olufanayo lokuhamba kwezilwane ezifuywayo phakathi kweGreat Britain ne-EU kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021.

"Kodwa-ke, uma isivumelwano singafinyelelwanga kungaba nezidingo ezintsha zalabo abahamba nesilwane esifuywayo besuka eGreat Britain baya e-EU kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021."

Ithemba liwukuthi i-UK izoba “izwe elisohlwini Lwengxenye 1” ngaphansi kweSikimu Sokuhamba Kwezilwane Ezifuywayo. Lokhu kungaba yinketho embi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu esinakho manje.

Kepha udaba alukaxazululwa, ngakho-ke okwamanje kufanele sicabange okubi kakhulu - ukuthi i-UK "izobe ingafakwanga ohlwini". Uma kunjalo, isilwane sakho esifuywayo kufanele sithathwe isampula yegazi okungenani izinsuku ezingu-30 ngemva kokugonywa kwaso okuyinhloko kwamarabi. Lelo sampula lizothunyelwa elabhorethri yokuhlola igazi egunyazwe yi-EU.

Khona-ke, kufanele “ulinde izinyanga ezintathu kusukela ngosuku okwathathwa ngalo isampula legazi eliphumelelayo ngaphambi kokuba uhambe,” ngokusho kukahulumeni.

Ngakho-ke uma uqala inqubo ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021, kufanele ukwazi ukuyisa isilwane phesheya kusukela ngomhlaka 1 Meyi 2021.

Into eyodwa esiyaziyo: ukuza ekhaya ngeke kuhluke. "Ngeke kube noshintsho emalungiselelweni ezempilo amanje ezilwane ezifuywayo ezingena e-Great Britain zisuka e-EU kusukela ngomhlaka-1 Januwari 2021," kusho uhulumeni.