I-Edinburgh International Book Festival: Kungani incwadi ingasoze yafa ngisho nangeNkathi Ye-inthanethi - Alastair Stewart
Le ncwadi ayikafi naphezu kokukhula kwama-ebooks futhi ngeke ize (Isithombe: Clemens Bilan/Getty Images for Bread & Butter by Zalando)
Ngike ngathuthela izwe kabili futhi ngahlala izikhathi ezine noma ezinhlanu kule minyaka engu-15 edlule. Isikhathi ngasinye, ubuhlungu bekhanda kanye nomzuzu 'wokububula okujulile' kwaba lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuhambisa 'izincwadi'.
Ngesinye isikhathi ngigcina umtapo wezincwadi ekhaya lapho ngiphesheya. Ngabuzwa ukuthi “empeleni” ngiwafundile yini la makhulu ezincwadi. Ngangizimisele uma ngithi, "chaza ukufunda"?
Lokhu kwakungekona ukubhuqa njengoba kwakuzwakala. Ingabe ufunde incwadi kuphela uma uke wahlala futhi waphuma kusukela ikhava kuya ekugcineni? Uma kunjalo, akekho engimaziyo owafunda okuthile enyuvesi. Abantu abaningi bathungatha isithupha, baqhwebe, badvwebele futhi amakhasi endlebe yezinja baphinde bavakashele izahluko.
Inyuvesi yaqala umkhuba wokuthola izincwadi ezingasetshenzwa ngenani elincishisiwe ngendlela enyanyekayo kangangokuthi ugcina usukhokha imali ethe xaxa ngokudiliva. Ukufuna izincwadi nokuhogela into eyivelakancane nedili ezitolo zezincwadi ezisetshenzisiwe kanye nezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi ezweni lonke kuwumdlalo.
Inkathi yethu idlula ngokwezinkanyezi kangangokuthi bambalwa abanesineke sokufunda umbhalo wezemfundo kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni. Cishe kuwubuciko obulahlekile ukushwiba, ukugaya, kanye nokwenza iziphetho ezinengqikithi.
Ngifundise abafundi abenze izicelo zokuthi ukukopela ngephutha kuyingozi enkulu ezincwadini nakusayensi yezenhlalo. I-inthanethi kanye nenkundla yezokuxhumana igcwele imibono mayelana nemibono kangangokuthi ukuphindaphinda okuthile akunakugwenywa - ukuthola umbono wangempela kunzima kakhulu.
Ulwazi lukhona yonke indawo, ikakhulukazi uma unosesho lwe-Google ekhoneni lakho. Kulula ukufunda izifinyezo eziphindaphindwayo, ake sithi, i-Moby Dick kaHerman Melville, kunokuhlala phansi ufunde amakhasi angu-500 engoma yomkhomo.
Izikhathi eziningi, inkulumo embi yetafula iphenduke ibe isihloko ebengingazi ngaso, ngakho ngisheshe ngifunde ngaso ngesikhathi sekhefu. Ngokuvamile, imidlalo, ikhemistri, noma into ethile yenqubomgomo yomphakathi. UNkulunkulu abusise iWikipedia.
Lesi sizukulwane sigcwele izimfundamakhwela ezingochwepheshe - sazi okuncane ngayo yonke into futhi hhayi ngochwepheshe obuningi. Lokho kungaba yinto enhle kuphela, kodwa hhayi ngezindleko zokufunda njengomsebenzi nokufunda njengenqubo.
Amakhophi edijithali eningi lezincwadi angatholakala ezinkundleni ezihlukahlukene. Benza kube lula ukucinga ulwazi, ukugqamisa, ukukhumbula, ngisho nokukopisha umbhalo kuma-athikili nezindatshana. Kungase kukuthathe impilo yonke ukuze udlule kuwo wonke ama-classic, umbhalo wesayensi, noma imfashini ye-pop - manje, ungafunda iziphetho zomunye umuntu futhi uzithengise njengombono ocatshangelwayo.
Izazi zemvelo zizokutshela ukuthi ama-ebook aluhlaza. Abathandi bezincwadi bazokutshela ukuthi kulula kakhulu ukuzifunda ngasechibini - awasekho amakhasi aminyene ngalezo zinsuku zasehlobo. Abahambi izokwenza icala ukuthi amaphilisi abo akhanya kulezo zindiza zaphakathi kwamabili, izitimela nezimoto.
Ngasebenza e-Waterstones njengomsebenzi wabafundi phakathi kuka-2007 no-2012. Leso sikhathi esincane sasigcwele inhlekelele nesithunzi, izinkinga zezimali kanye nokuwohloka komnotho. Inkampani yayikhathazeke kakhulu ngokushona kwezincwadi zamaphepha. Ama-e-readers e-Waterstones anikezwe indawo yokuqala ezitolo; satshelwa ukuba siwaphushe lapho kungenzeka khona njengekusasa lokufunda nokunethezeka komuntu siqu.
Kuphela, kwakungenjalo. Akekho owake wayeka ukuthanda izincwadi. Akekho oyekile ukwahlulela izincwadi ngekhava yakhe, futhi akekho noyedwa onengqondo elungile ohwebe impilo yonke yamakhophi aqinile ukuze athole umtapo wolwazi. Kungaba njengokucela othile ukuthi alahle amarekhodi akhe e-LP ngoba une-akhawunti ye-Spotify.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inganekwane noma okungelona iqiniso, iphrozi noma izinkondlo, le ncwadi ayifanga, futhi ayisoze yafa. I-inthanethi iwumthombo omuhle kakhulu, ohlakaniphile, kodwa inguqulo eyodwa enkulu ye-SparkNotes. Ama-algorithms nezindatshana ezinconyiwe ku-Wikipedia azikwazi ukususa injabulo yokufunda njengomsebenzi, hhayi indawo yokugcina.
Igama elimangalisayo lesiJapane elithi 'tsundoku', okusho ukuthola izinto zokufunda kodwa uzivumele zinqwabelane emzini womuntu ngaphandle kokuzifunda - konke hail bibliomania.
UGogo wami, u-Eleanor, wanginika uthando lokufunda kusukela ngisemncane. Ayikho incwadi eyake yathuthukiswa kakhulu, yalula kakhulu noma yamosha isikhathi nemali. Wenza lokho uWinston Churchill akusho ngezincwadi: “Bayeke babe abangane bakho; mababe ngabajwayelene nawe. Uma bengakwazi ukungena emzuliswaneni wempilo yakho, ungabaphiki okungenani ngokuvuma ngekhanda lokubaqaphela.”
Ukuzungeza izincwadi, ezifundwayo, ezingafundiwe, ezifakwe isithupha noma eziphukile, kucebisa izimpilo zenu. Izembozo zingakhanya noma zibe musty, kodwa iphunga lihlala liwubufakazi obubambekayo bolwazi oludala noma imibono emisha. Zikukhumbuza okwaziyo futhi ziyisimemo esimnene sokufunda okwengeziwe.
Ukuchayeka ezincwadini kuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda ngokwenza ukufunda kube yingxenye yendlela yokuphila kwakho konke. Olunye ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi izingane ezikhulele emakhaya anezincwadi eziphakathi kuka-80 no-350 zibonise amakhono athuthukisiwe okufunda, ukubhala, ukubala, nolwazi lwezobuchwepheshe lapho sezikhulile. Bangakha ingqondo ebuzayo futhi bavuse isidingo esinzima sokuthola umthombo walokho ulwazi oluyikho.
Izindlu ze-Old National Trust zihlala zinenqwaba yezincwadi emitatsheni yolwazi ezibukeka zibanda futhi zingathandwa. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu ababezungeza izincwadi eziminyene ngaphansi kwamatafula, zichitheka emigodini noma ezimpintshene phakathi kwamashalofu abangathi yize.
Izincwadi zikhuluma ngokuthobeka kwengqondo, injabulo yokuthola into ongayazi ngokucwaninga, ukufunda, nokufunda. Nazi ezinye izinqwaba zezincwadi kanye nolwandle olungapheli lwezimanga.
