Ingabe ukuzama ukuvimbela ukubulawa kukaHalal kuwukukhathazeka Kwamalungelo Abantu? Lona umbuzo umnikeli wethu okhethekile, PhD. U-Alessandro Amicarelli, ummeli odumile wamalungelo abantu kanye nesishoshovu, ongusihlalo we-European Federation on Freedom of Belief, ubeka uProfesa Vasco Fronzoni, wase-Universitá Telemática Pegaso e-Italy, uchwepheshe we-shari'a Law.
Thola isingeniso sakhe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, bese kuba nemibuzo nezimpendulo.
Ibhalwe ngu-Alessandro Amicarelli Inkululeko ye inkolo futhi inkolelo ivikela ilungelo lamakholwa lokuphila izimpilo zawo ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zawo, ngaphakathi kwemingcele, futhi lokhu kuhlanganisa nemikhuba ethile ehlobene namasiko ezenhlalo nokudla, lokhu kunjalo ngokwesibonelo samalungiselelo e-halal ne-kosher.
Kube nezimo zeziphakamiso okuhloswe ngazo ukuvimbela izinqubo ze-halal ne-kosher eziphikisana ngamalungelo ezilwane okuthi ngokusho kwabaphikisi bala masiko bathola unya oludlulele.
UProf. Vasco Fronzoni unguSolwazi Ohlangene e-Università telematica Pegaso e-Italy, unguchwepheshe we-Shari'a Law kanye nezimakethe zamaSulumane, futhi ungumcwaningi mabhuku oholayo we-Quality Management Systems, okhethekile emkhakheni we-Halal eMkhandlwini Wokucwaninga we-Halal waseLahore futhi uyilungu le i-Scientific Committee ye-European Federation on Freedom of Belief.
Umbuzo: Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko ezibekwa yilabo abazama ukuvimbela amalungiselelo e-halal kanye nokuhlaba ngokujwayelekile ngokwesiko lamasiko?
IMPENDULO: Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvinjelwa kokuhlaba ngokwesiko ngokwemithetho ye-kosher, shechita kanye ne-halal zihlobene nomqondo wenhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokunciphisa ngangokunokwenzeka ukuhlupheka okungokwengqondo nokwenyama kwezilwane ezinqubweni zokubulala.
Eceleni kwalesi sizathu esiyinhloko nesimenyezelwe, amanye amaJuda namaSulumane nawo abona isifiso sokuduba noma ukubandlulula imiphakathi yawo, ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokungavumelani nezwe noma kwezinye izimo eshukunyiswa isifiso sokuvikela ezinye izinkolo eziningi.
Umbuzo: Ingabe ngokubona kwakho ukwephulwa kwamalungelo amaMuslim, futhi endabeni ye-kosher, amalungelo amaJuda, evimbela amasiko awo okuhlaba? Abantu bazo zonke izinkolo nabangenalo ukholo bathola ukudla kwe-kosher nokudla kwe-halal futhi lokhu akugcini kubantu bezinkolo zamaJuda nezamaSulumane. Akufanele yini abantu benkolo yobuJuda neyobuSulumane bavunyelwe ukuhlaba ngokwemithetho nemithetho yenkolo yabo osekuphele amakhulu eminyaka ikhona njengoba lokhu kuqinisekiswa amalungelo abantu? Ukwenqabela lawa masiko akusho ukuthi kuphinde kwephule amalungelo abantu emphakathini obanzi ukuze bathole imakethe yokudla abazikhethele yona?
Ngokubona kwami yebo, ukuvimbela uhlobo oluthile lokubulala ngokwenkolo kuwukwephula inkululeko engokwenkolo, yezakhamuzi ngisho nezakhamuzi kuphela.
Ilungelo lokuthola ukudla kufanele libekwe njengelungelo lomuntu eliyisisekelo nelinobubanzi obuhlukahlukene, futhi akulona nje ingxenye ebalulekile yokuba yisakhamuzi, kodwa futhi kuwumbandela wentando yeningi uqobo. Yayivele yagqanyiswa ngeSimemezelo Sezizwe Zonke Samalungelo Abantu se-UN ka-1948 futhi namuhla yamukelwa imithombo eminingi yezomthetho ethambile yamazwe ngamazwe futhi iqinisekiswa nangamashatha omthethosisekelo ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1999 iKomiti Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezomnotho, Amasiko Nezenhlalakahle yakhipha umqulu oqondile ophathelene nelungelo lokuthola ukudla okwanele.
Ngokulandela le ndlela, ilungelo lokuthola ukudla okwanele kufanele liqondwe kokubili mayelana nokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuphepha kokudla futhi lihlanganisa umbandela ongewona kuphela inani, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke okufanelekile, lapho umsoco ungameleli ukudla kuphela, kodwa uqinisekisa isithunzi sabantu. futhi injalo kuphela uma ihambisana neziqondiso zenkolo namasiko omphakathi lapho isihloko siyingxenye yawo.
Ngalo mqondo, kubonakala kukhanyisa ukuthi ku-European Union iNkantolo Strasbourg ubonile kusukela ngo-2010 (I-HUDOC - INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, Isicelo n. 18429/06 Jakobski v. Poland) ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kokugcinwa kwezidingo ezithile zokudla kanye nokuvezwa kwenkululeko yenkolelo ngokulandela ubuciko. 9 ye-ECHR.
Ngisho neNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yaseBelgium, muva nje, ngenkathi igcizelela ukuthi ukwenqatshelwa kokuhlaba ngaphandle kokumangalisa kusabela esidingweni senhlalakahle futhi kuhambisana nenhloso esemthethweni yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane, yabona ukuthi ukuvimbela lolu hlobo lokuhlaba kuhilela ukuvinjelwa kwenkululeko yenkolo. AmaJuda namaSulumane, amasiko abo enkolo akwenqabela ukudliwa kwenyama yezilwane ezimangele.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvumela ukufinyelela okuhlosiwe kokudla kanye nokukhetha okulungile kokudla kuyithuluzi elisebenzayo lokuvikela ilungelo lenkululeko yezenkolo, njengoba kusiza amakholwa ukuthi azijwayeze emakethe yokudla futhi akhethe imikhiqizo yokudla ehambisana nezidingo zabo zenkolo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amazinga ekhwalithi abekwe imithetho yokugunyazwa kwe-Halal ne-Kosher aqinile futhi aqinisekisa umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu, onezidingo eziqinile kunamazinga ajwayelekile anqunyelwe isibonelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-BIO. Kungalesi sizathu abathengi abaningi, okungewona amaSulumane noma amaJuda, bathenga le mikhiqizo ngoba ibeka kuqala impilo yomphakathi futhi bakubheka njengesinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthola ukuvikeleka kokudla, okuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi Yokudla okukhona emkhakheni wamaJuda namaMuslim.
UMB: Izigungu zokuphatha, kanye nezinkantolo zomthetho bekumele zibhekane namacala aphathelene nokudla kwe-halal nokudla kwe-kosher, kanye nezimangalo zabadla imifino nezilwane. Ungakwazi yini ukusho ukuthi yiziphi izindaba eziyinhloko zomthetho mayelana nokuhlatshwa kwe-halal?
A: Kwenzekani ngo Europe i-paradigmatic ukuphendula lo mbuzo.
Umthethonqubo 1099/2009 / EC wethule izindlela nezinqubo ezimangalisayo, ezidinga ukubulawa kwezilwane kuphela ngemva kokulahlekelwa ukwazi, isimo okufanele sigcinwe kuze kube sekufeni. Kodwa-ke, lezi zimiso ziphambene kokubili nesiko lenkolo yamaJuda kanye nombono weningi lezazi zamaMuslim, ezidinga isimo esiqaphile futhi esiqaphelayo sesilwane okufanele siphelele ngesikhathi sokuhlatshwa, kanye nokopha okuphelele. yenyama. Kodwa-ke, mayelana nenkululeko yenkolo, umthethonqubo ka-2009 unikeza izwe eliyilungu ngalinye izinga elithile lokusekela ezinqubweni, uhlinzeka ngesigaba sesi-4 somthethonqubo ukudelela ukuze kuvunyelwe imiphakathi yamaJuda namaMuslim ukuthi yenze isiko lokuhlaba.
Kutholakala ukulingana phakathi kwesidingo sezinhlobo zokuhlaba ngokwesiko okujwayelekile kobuJuda nobuSulumane kanye naleyo yemithetho esemqoka eqondiswe emcabangweni wokuvikela nenhlalakahle yezilwane ngesikhathi sokubulala. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile imithetho yezwe, eqondiswa isiqondiso sezombangazwe samanje futhi ecelwe umbono womphakathi wendawo, ivumela noma ivimbele imiphakathi yezenkolo ukuthi ifinyelele ukudla ngendlela ehambisana nenkolelo yayo. Ngakho kwenzeka ukuthi eYurophu kukhona uthi ezifana Sweden, Norway, Greece, Denmark, Slovenia, in practice eFinland futhi ingxenye. Belgium abaye bafaka isicelo sokuvinjelwa kokuhlaba ngokwesiko, kuyilapho amanye amazwe ekuvumela lokho.
Ngokubona kwami, futhi ngisho lokhu njengomthetho futhi njengomthandi wezilwane, ipharamitha akufanele ihambisane nomqondo wenhlalakahle yezilwane ngesikhathi sokubulala, okungenzeka ekuqaleni kubonakale kuwumqondo ophikisanayo futhi ngisho nokuzenzisa futhi ongacabangi ukuthi ngisho amasiko okuvuma izono agxile kulo mqondo. Ngokuphambene, ipharamitha kufanele futhi iqondiswe empilweni yabathengi kanye nentshisekelo yezimakethe. Awenzi umqondo ukwenqabela ukuhlatshwa komkhuba endaweni kodwa bese uvumela ukungeniswa kwenyama ehlatshiwe, kuwumjikelezo omfushane nje olimaza umthengi kanye nemakethe yangaphakathi. Eqinisweni, kimina akubonakali kuyinhlanhla ukuthi kwamanye amazwe, lapho imiphakathi yezenkolo miningi kakhulu futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke lapho i-halal kanye ne-kosher supply chain isakazeke kakhulu (abakhiqizi, izindawo zokuhlatshwa, izimboni zokucubungula kanye nempahla), umqondo wezilwane. inhlalakahle icatshangwa ngendlela ehlukile. Eqinisweni, kulawa maqiniso lapho isidingo sabathengi sibaluleke kakhulu, lapho kunabasebenzi abaningi emkhakheni futhi lapho kunemakethe egxilile futhi ehlelekile futhi yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukuhlatshwa okungokwesiko kuvunyelwe.
Ake sibheke e-UK. Lapha amaSulumane amele angaphansi kuka-5% kodwa adla ngaphezu kuka-20% wenyama ehlatshwa endaweni yezwe, futhi inyama ehlatshiwe imelela u-71% wazo zonke izilwane ezihlatshwe eNgilandi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kuka-5% wabantu abadla ngaphezu kwe-70% yezilwane ezihlatshiwe. Lezi zinombolo zakha isici esibalulekile futhi esinganakwa kwasekhaya umnotho, kanye nenkululeko eboniswa yisishayamthetho samaNgisi ekuvumeleni ukuhlatshwa okungokwesiko kufanele kubhalwe ngokuhlonipha inkululeko engokwenkolo, kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngokomnotho wezimakethe nokuvikelwa kwabathengi.
UMB: UProf. Fronzoni Ungumfundi oweluleka izikhungo zikazwelonke futhi owazi ngokujulile imiphakathi yezenkolo ekhona eYurophu futhi ikakhulukazi e-Italy. Ukudla i-halal sekuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba kubantu abaningi, hhayi ngempela amaSulumane, kodwa lapho bezwa nge-“shari'a” abantu abaningi baseNtshonalanga basangabaza futhi bayasola, nakuba i-shari'a iyi-Muslim elilingana nemithetho ye-canon yobuKristu. Ingabe abantu kanye nezikhungo zoMbuso kudingeka bafunde okwengeziwe nge-halal ne-shari'a ngokuvamile? Ingabe izikole nezifundiswa zaseNtshonalanga nazo kudingeka zenze okwengeziwe kulokhu? Ingabe okwenziwayo mayelana nokufundisa umphakathi jikelele nokweluleka ohulumeni kwanele?
A: Yiqiniso, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukwazi okwengeziwe, njengoba ulwazi lomunye luholela ekuqwashiseni nasekuqondeni, isinyathelo esandulela ukufakwa, kuyilapho ukungazi kuholela ekungathembani, okuhlanganisa isinyathelo ngokushesha ngaphambi kokwesaba, okungaholela ekuphazamisekeni futhi ukusabela okungenangqondo (i-radicalization ngakolunye uhlangothi kanye ne-Islamophobia kanye ne-xenophobia ngakolunye).
Izinhlangano zezenkolo, ikakhulukazi amaSulumane, zenza okuncane kakhulu ukwenza amasiko nezidingo zabo zaziwe emphakathini nakuhulumeni, futhi lokhu kuyisici esibucayi kanye nephutha labo. Yebo, ukuze uzwiwe udinga izindlebe ezizimisele ukwenza kanjalo, kodwa kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi amaSulumane amaningi ahlala emazweni angaphandle kufanele alwele ukubamba iqhaza kakhulu empilweni yesizwe futhi aziphathe njengezakhamuzi, hhayi njengabafokazi.
Ukuxhunyaniswa nemvelaphi yomuntu kuyancomeka futhi kuyasiza, kodwa kumele sinanzelele ukuthi ukwehluka kolimi, imikhuba kanye nenkolo akusona isithiyo ekuhlanganisweni nokuthi akukho okuphambene phakathi kokuhlala eNtshonalanga nokuba yiMuslim. Kuyenzeka futhi futhi kufanelekile ukukhuthaza inqubo yokufakwa, futhi lokhu kungenziwa ngokuhlanganyela ngomqondo wobunikazi, ngemfundo kanye nokuhlonipha imithetho. Labo abafundile bayaqonda ukuthi umuntu kufanele amukele abanye, naphezu kokungafani kwabo.
Ngicabanga futhi ukuthi izikhungo zikazwelonke kanye nosopolitiki kufanele bafune izeluleko eziningi zobuchwepheshe kulabo abawazi yomibili imihlaba.
Q: Ingabe unazo iziphakamiso nezeluleko zalabo abazama ukuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-halal eNtshonalanga?
A: Isiphakamiso sami sihlala sihamba ngomqondo wolwazi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubandlulula okuyisisekelo kwemibono ethile yokulwela izilwane kufanele kuqhathaniswe nezimo zengqondo ngenhlalakahle yezilwane ezikhona emasikweni amaJuda namaMuslim, awanakwa njalo kodwa akhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwenza ukulingana kwezithakazelo okungelula ngaso sonke isikhathi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi incazelo entsha yesimiso senkululeko engokwenkolo iye yavela, njengelungelo lokuthola ukudla okwanele ngendlela yokuvuma izono. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kusetshenziswe ukucushwa okusha kwesimiso senkululeko yenkolelo ngakho-ke kuvela njengelungelo lokuthola ukudla okwanele ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuvuma ukuhlatshwa komkhuba, ngokusho kokwehliswa okuthile okuhloswe ekusimameni komnotho wabakhiqizi nabathengi. , futhi nangokuphathelene nokuphepha kokudla.
