IPhalamende ligunyaze imithetho yokuqala ye-EU yokulandelela ukudluliswa kwempahla ye-crypto, ukuvimbela ukushushumbiswa kwemali, kanye nemithetho evamile yokuqondisa nokuvikelwa kwamakhasimende.
Ama-MEPs agunyazwe ngamavoti angu-529 avuna angu-29 ngokumelene nabangu-14 abavotayo ingxenye yokuqala yomthetho we-EU ukulandelela ukudluliswa kwe-crypto-assets njengama-bitcoins namathokheni emali kagesi. Umbhalo -okwakukhona kuvunyelwene okwesikhashana ngabaxoxisana bePhalamende kanye noMkhandlu ngoJuni 2022- ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kwe-crypto, njengoba kwenzeka kunoma yikuphi okunye ukusebenza kwezezimali, kungalandelelwa njalo futhi ukuthengiselana okusolisayo kuvinjiwe. Okubizwa ngokuthi "umthetho wokuhamba", osekusetshenziswe ezezimali zendabuko, esikhathini esizayo kuzomboza ukudluliselwa kwempahla ye-crypto. Ulwazi olumayelana nomthombo wempahla kanye nomzuzi wayo kuzodingeka “ahambe” nomsebenzi futhi agcinwe nhlangothi zombili zokudluliselwa.
Umthetho uzophinde uhlanganise ukuthengiselana okungaphezulu kwe-€ 1000 okuvela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izikhwama zokuzibamba (ikheli lesikhwama se-crypto-asset lomsebenzisi oyimfihlo) lapho zisebenzisana nezikhwama eziphethwe eziphethwe abahlinzeki besevisi ye-crypto-assets. Imithetho ayisebenzi ekudluliseleni komuntu kuye komunye okwenziwa ngaphandle komhlinzeki noma phakathi kwabahlinzeki abazenzela bona.
Imithetho yemakethe ye-EU efanayo ye-crypto-assets
I-Plenary iphinde yanikeza ukukhanya kwayo kokugcina okuluhlaza ngamavoti angu-517 avuna ama-38 ngokumelene no-18 abstentions, emithethweni emisha evamile yokuqondisa, ukuvikelwa kwabathengi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwe-crypto-assets, kuhlanganise ne-crypto-currencies (I-MiCA). Umthetho osalungiswa wavuma ngokwethukela noMkhandlu ngoJuni 2022 kufaka phakathi izindlela zokuvikela ukuxhashazwa kwezimakethe kanye nobugebengu bezezimali.
I-MiCA izofaka i-crypto-assets engalawulwa yimithetho ekhona yezinsizakalo zezezimali. Izinhlinzeko eziyinhloko zalabo abakhiphayo nabahweba nge-crypto-assets (okuhlanganisa amathokheni ereferensi yempahla namathokheni e-e-money) amboza ukubeka izinto obala, ukudalulwa, ukugunyazwa kanye nokugadwa kokwenziwayo. Abathengi bazokwaziswa kangcono ngobungozi, izindleko kanye nezindleko ezixhumene nokusebenza kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlaka olusha lwezomthetho luzosekela ubuqotho bemakethe nokuzinza kwezezimali ngokulawula okunikezwayo komphakathi kwe-crypto-assets.
Okokugcina, umbhalo okuvunyelwene ngawo uhlanganisa izinyathelo ezimelene nokuxhashazwa kwezimakethe kanye nokuvimbela ukushushumbiswa kwemali, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwamaphekula kanye nezinye izenzo zobugebengu. Ukubhekana nezingozi zokukhwabanisa imali I-European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) kufanele imise irejista yomphakathi yabahlinzeki besevisi ye-crypto assets abangathobeli imithetho esebenza ku- European Inyunyana ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ukuze kuncishiswe i-carbon footprint ye-crypto-currencies, abahlinzeki besevisi ababalulekile kuzodingeka badalule ukusetshenziswa kwabo kwamandla.
Izingcaphuno ngabakwa-rapporteurs
UStefan Berger (EPP, DE), i-MEP eholayo yokulawulwa kwe-MiCA, yathi: "Lokhu kubeka i-EU phambili emnothweni wamathokheni nge-10 000 ehlukene ye-crypto assets. Abathengi bazovikelwa ekukhohlisweni nasekukhwabaniseni, futhi umkhakha wonakaliswe ukuwa kwe-FTX ungaphinde uthole ukwethenjwa. Abathengi bazoba nalo lonke ulwazi abaludingayo futhi zonke izingozi ezikhona mayelana ne-crypto-assets kuzodingeka ziqashwe. Siqinisekise ukuthi ukudalulwa komthelela kwezemvelo kuzocatshangelwa abatshalizimali bezimpahla ze-crypto. Lo mthethonqubo uletha inzuzo yokuncintisana ye-EU. Imboni ye-crypto-assets yaseYurophu inokucaciswa kokulawula okungekho emazweni afana ne-US. "
Ernest Urtasun (Okuhlaza/EFA, ES), u-co-rapporteur weKomidi Lezindaba Zezomnotho Nezezimali mayelana nokudluliswa kwempahla ye-crypto uthe: “Okwamanje ukugeleza okungekho emthethweni kuma-crypto-assets kuhanjiswa ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke, kunethuba elikhulu lokungabonwa. I-Recast of the TFR izobophezela abahlinzeki besevisi ye-crypto-asset ukuthi bathole futhi bamise ukugeleza kwe-crypto yobugebengu futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi zonke izigaba zezinkampani ze-crypto zingaphansi kwesethi ephelele yezibopho zokulwa nokushushumbiswa kwemali. Lokhu kuzovala igebe elikhulu ohlakeni lwethu lwe-AML futhi kuqalise e-EU umthetho wemithetho yokuvakasha onezifiso ezinkulu emhlabeni kuze kube manje, ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe.”
U-co-rapporteur weKomidi Lenkululeko Yomphakathi, Ezobulungiswa kanye Nezasekhaya Assita Kanko (ECR, BE) yathi: “IPhalamende noMkhandlu bathole ukuvumelana okufanelekile okuzokwenza kuphephe kakhudlwana kubantu abanenhliziyo enhle ukubamba nokuhweba ngezimpahla ze-crypto. Kodwa-ke, kuzokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ezigebengwini, amaphekula kanye nabagwema unswinyo ukusebenzisa kabi impahla ye-crypto. Noma imuphi umthwalo wokuphatha ezinkampanini ze-crypto kanye nabasunguli bazobhekana neqiniso lokuthi sihlanganisa imakethe yaseYurophu ehlukene manje enemibuso engu-27 yokulawula.”
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo
Imibhalo manje kuzomele igunyazwe ngokusemthethweni nguMkhandlu, ngaphambi kokuthi ishicilelwe ku-EU Official Journal. Bazoqala ukusebenza ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-20.
Ekwamukeleni lo mthetho, iPhalamende lisabela kulokho okulindelwe yizakhamizi ukubeka izivikelo kanye namazinga okusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain njengoba kuvezwe kuSiphakamiso 35(8) soMthethosisekelo. iziphetho zeNgqungquthela Yekusasa LaseYurophu.
