“Njalo uma ngikhuluma ngakho, ngiyakhala,” esho Izindaba ze-UN, echaza indlela inkulumo-ze esakaza ngayo imiyalezo yenzondo eyabangela igagasi elibulalayo lobudlova obungachazeki. Ulahlekelwe amalungu omndeni angu-60 nabangane ekubulaweni kwabantu abaningi.
Ngaphambi kwesikhumbuzo se-UN General Assembly sika- I-International Day of Reflection on 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, uNksz Mutegwaraba ukhulume naye Izindaba ze-UN mayelana nenkulumo enenzondo enkathini yedijithali, ukuthi ukuhlasela kwangomhla ziyisi-6 kuJanuwari e-United States Capitol kwavusa kanjani ukwesaba okujulile, ukuthi wasinda kanjani ekubulaweni kohlanga, nokuthi wazichaza kanjani izenzakalo aphila kuzo, endodakazini yakhe siqu.
Inhlolokhono ihlelwe ukuze kucace futhi ubude.
Izindaba ze-UN: Ngo-April 1994, kwashaywa ucingo emsakazweni eRwanda. Lathini, futhi wazizwa kanjani?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Kwakwethusa. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukubulawa kwaqala ngo-April, kodwa kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990, uHulumeni wakubeka lapho, emithonjeni yezindaba, emaphephandabeni, nasemsakazweni, ekhuthaza futhi eshumayela inkulumo-ze emelene namaTutsi.
Ngo-1994, babekhuthaza wonke umuntu ukuba aye kuyo yonke imizi, azingele, abulale izingane, abulale abesifazane. Isikhathi eside, izimpande zenzondo zagxila kakhulu emphakathini wethu. Ukubona uHulumeni usemuva kwakho, lalingekho ithemba lokuthi bazoba khona abasindile.
Umfana oneminyaka engu-14 ubudala waseRwanda wasedolobhaneni laseNyamata, owathwetshulwa ngoJuni 1994, wasinda kulesi sibhicongo ngokucasha ngaphansi kwezidumbu izinsuku ezimbili.
Izindaba ze-UN: Ungakuchaza okwenzeka kulezo zinsuku eziyikhulu, lapho kwabulawa khona abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, iningi labo ngocelemba?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Bekungewona ocelemba kuphela. Noma iyiphi indlela ehlukumezayo ongacabanga ngayo, basebenzisa. Badlwengula abesifazane, bavula izibeletho zabesifazane abakhulelwe ngommese, futhi bafaka abantu emigodini ye-septic bephila. Babulala izilwane zethu, bacekela phansi imizi yethu futhi babulala wonke umkhaya wami. Ngemva kokuqothulwa kohlanga, ngangingasenalutho. Wawungazi ukuthi yake yaba khona yini indlu endaweni yangakithi noma amaTutsi lapho. Benza isiqiniseko sokuthi akekho osindile.
Izindaba ze-UN: Ululama kanjani kulokho kwesaba nokuhlukumezeka? Futhi uyichaza kanjani into eyenzeka endodakazini yakho?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kwenza ukuphila kwethu kwaba nzima ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuqaphela ubuhlungu bakho kubaluleke kakhulu, bese uzungeza abantu abayiqondayo futhi baqinisekise indaba yakho. Yabelana ngendaba yakho bese uthatha isinqumo sokungabi yisisulu. Zama ukuya phambili. Nganginezizathu eziningi zokwenza lokho. Lapho ngisinda, udadewethu omncane wayeneminyaka engu-13 kuphela, futhi nguye owayeyisizathu esiyinhloko. Ngangifuna ukuqina ngenxa yakhe.
Kwaphela iminyaka ngingafuni ukuzwa ubuhlungu bami. Ngangingafuni indodakazi yami yazi ngoba kwakuzoyidabukisa, futhi ibone unina, owayelimele. Ngangingenazo izimpendulo zemibuzo ethile ayibuzayo. Uma ebuza ukuthi kungani engenaye umkhulu, ngamtshela ukuthi abantu bakubo njengami abanabo abazali. Bengingafuni ukumnika ithemba lokuthi uzongibona uma esehamba eyoshada. Yayingekho into enganginika ithemba.
Manje, uneminyaka engu-28 ubudala. Sikhuluma ngezinto. Wayifunda incwadi yami. Uyaziqhenya ngengikwenzayo.
Izindaba ze-UN: Encwadini yakho, Nganoma Iyiphi Indlela Edingekayo, ukhuluma ngenqubo yokuphulukisa kanye nenkulumo ethi "ungaphinde", exhunywe ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe. Uphinde wakhuluma ngokuhlaselwa kwe-capitol eWashington, DC ngomhlaka-6 Januwari 2021, uthi ubungakaze uzwe lowo muzwa wokwesaba kusukela ngo-1994 eRwanda. Ungakhuluma ngalokho?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Silokhu sithi “ngeke ngiphinde”, futhi kuyaqhubeka: UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe, eCambodia, eSouth Sudan. Abantu baseDemocratic Republic of the Congo bayabulawa manje, njengoba ngikhuluma nje.
Kukhona okumelwe kwenziwe. Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kuyagwemeka. Ukuqothulwa kohlanga akwenzeki ngokuphazima kweso. Ihamba ngamadigri eminyakeni, izinyanga, nezinsuku, futhi labo abahlela ukuqothulwa kohlanga bazi kahle ukuthi bahloseni.
Njengamanje, izwe engatholwa ngalo, i-United States, lihlukene phakathi. Umlayezo wami uthi "vuka". Ziningi kakhulu izinkulumo-ze ezenzekayo, futhi abantu abanaki. Akekho ongagonyiwe kokwenzeka eRwanda. Ukuqothulwa kohlanga kungenzeka noma kuphi. Ingabe siyazibona izimpawu? Yebo. Kwakushaqisa ukubona into enjalo kwenzeka e-United States.
Ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga noma ngokobuzwe kuye kwasetshenziswa ukuze kugxiliswe ukwesaba noma inzondo ngabanye, ngokuvamile okuholela ezingxabanweni nasezimpini, njengoba kwenzeka ekuqothulweni kohlanga eRwanda ngo-1994.
Izindaba ze-UN: Ukube inkathi yedijithali yayikhona ngo-1994 eRwanda, ngabe ukuqothulwa kohlanga bekukubi kakhulu?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Ngokuphelele. Wonke umuntu unocingo noma umabonakude emazweni amaningi asathuthuka. Umlayezo owawuthatha iminyaka usakazeka manje ungabekwa lapho, futhi ngomzuzwana owodwa, wonke umuntu emhlabeni angawubona.
Ukube bekukhona i-Facebook, Tik Tok, ne-Instagram, ngabe kubi kakhulu. Abantu ababi bahlale beya ebusheni, obulula ukonakala izingqondo zabo. Ubani osezinkundleni zokuxhumana manje? Isikhathi esiningi, abantu abasha.
Ngesikhathi sokuqothulwa kohlanga, intsha eningi yajoyina amasosha futhi yahlanganyela, ngothando. Bacula lezo zingoma ezimelene namaTutsi, bangena ezindlini, bathatha esasinakho.
Izindaba ze-UN: Yini i-UN engayenza mayelana nokuqeda inkulumo enjalo enenzondo nokuvimbela ukuphindaphindwa kwalokho leyo nkulumo enenzondo eyakhula yaba yikho?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Kunendlela yokuthi i-UN inqande izenzo zonya. Phakathi nokuqothulwa kohlanga ngo-1994, umhlaba wonke wavala amehlo. Akekho owafika ukuzosisiza ngesikhathi kubulawa umama, ngesikhathi kudlwengulwa amakhulu abesifazane.
Ngethemba ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuphinde kwenzeke kunoma ubani emhlabeni. Ngethemba ukuthi i-UN ingaqhamuka nendlela yokusabela ngokushesha ezenzweni zonya.
Amagama ezisulu ze-Wall of Rwanda Genocide e-Kigali Memorial Centre
Izindaba ze-UN: Ingabe unawo umlayezo wabantu abasha abaphuma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, bebona izithombe, bezwa izinkulumo ezinenzondo?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Nginomlayezo kubazali bazo: ingabe uyazifundisa izingane zakho ngothando nokukhathalela omakhelwane bazo nomphakathi? Yiso leso sisekelo sokukhulisa isizukulwane esizothanda, sihloniphe omakhelwane, singathengeli inkulumo enenzondo.
Iqala emindenini yethu. Fundisa izingane zakho uthando. Fundisa izingane zakho ukuthi zingawuboni umbala. Fundisa izingane zakho ukwenza okulungile ukuze uvikele umndeni wesintu. Lowo umlayezo enginawo.
