Upelepele, umuthi mbumbulu, uphethiloli, igolide, izibhamu, abantu, nokunye kushushumbiswa ngezindlela zohwebo zeminyaka eyinkulungwane ezinqamula iSahel, kanti i-UN kanye nozakwethu bazama izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana ukuze bavimbele labo abazama umkhuba ongekho emthethweni, a. inkinga ekhulayo kulesi sifunda sase-Afrika esintekenteke.
Ochungechungeni lokuqala lwezici ezihlola ukulwa nokushushumbiswa kwabantu e-Sahel, i-UN News ibhekisisa ukuthi yini ebangela ukukhula kwalesi simo.
Isizinda sokushushumbisa esixakile selukwe ngaphesheya kweSahel, ehlanganisa cishe amakhilomitha ayizi-6,000 ukusuka olwandle i-Atlantic kuya oLwandle Olubomvu, futhi iyikhaya labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300, eBurkina Faso, eCameroon, eChad, eGambia, eGuinea, eMali, I-Mauritania, iNiger, iNigeria, neSenegal.
I-Sahel ichazwa yi-UN njenge isifunda esisezimeni ezinzima: labo abahlala lapho bayizisulu zokungavikeleki okungapheli, ukushaqeka kwesimo sezulu, ukungqubuzana, ukuketula umbuso, nokwanda kwamanethiwekhi obugebengu namaphekula. Izinhlangano ze-UN zilindele lokho okungaphezu kwalokho abantu abayizigidi ezingu-37 izodinga usizo lobuntu ngo-2023, cishe izigidi ezi-3 ngaphezu kwango-2022.
Ukwembula ukuphepha
Sekunesikhathi eside kuyinkinga ezokuphepha kulesi sifunda, kodwa isimo sabonakala siwohloka kakhulu ngo-2011, kulandela ukungenelela kwamasosha eLibya okwakuholwa yi-NATO, nokwaholela ekutheni izwe libe nokungalawuleki.
Izinxushunxushu ezalandela, nemingcele egobhozayo kwakhinyabeza imizamo yokunqanda ukugeleza okungemthetho, futhi abashushumbisi ababethutha izibhamu zaseLibya ezaziphangiwe bagibela eSahel belandela izintambo zokuvukela umbuso kanye nokubhebhetheka kobuphekula.
Amaqembu ahlomile manje alawula i-swathes yaseLibya, osekuyi-a ihabhu lokushushumbisa. Usongo lwamaphekula selubhebhetheke kakhulu, neqembu elidume kabi le-Islamic State (ISIL). ukungena esifundeni ngo-2015, ngokwe-UN UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha Uphiko Oluphethe Lwekomidi Lokulwisana Nobuphekula (CTED).
Izimakethe kulo lonke elaseSahel zingatholakala zithengisa ngokusobala izinhlobonhlobo zezimpahla ezingagunyaziwe, kusukela emithini engumbombayi kuya ezibhamuni zesitayela se-AK. Imithi yokushushumbisa ngokuvamile liyabulala, kulinganiselwa ukuthi libulala abantu base-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara abangu-500,000 70 unyaka ngamunye; esimweni esisodwa nje, kwashona izingane ezingama-2022 zaseGambia ngo-XNUMX ngemuva kokudla isiraphu yokukhwehlela eshushumbisiwe. Ifuel ingenye impahla eshushumbiswa abadlali abakhulu - amaqembu amaphekula, amanethiwekhi obugebengu, namabutho endawo.
Ukuvala amaphasishi obugebengu
Ukuze kuliwe nokushushumbiswa kwabantu kanye nezinye izinsongo eziguqukayo, ithimba lamazwe esifundeni - iBurkina Faso, iMali, iMauritania, iNiger, neChad - yakha, ukwesekwa kwe-UN, Ibutho Elihlangene LeQembu Labahlanu le-Sahel (G5 Sahel).
Khonamanjalo, ukubambisana kwemingcele kanye nokulwisana nenkohlakalo kuyanda. Iziphathimandla zikazwelonke zibambe amathani ezinto ezingekho emthethweni, futhi izinyathelo zokwahlulela zihlakaze amanethiwekhi. Ubambiswano, njengolusanda kusayinwa Isivumelwano se-Côte d'Ivoire-Nigeria, balwa nohwebo lwezidakamizwa olungekho emthethweni.
Ihhovisi le-UN Lezidakamizwa Nobugebengu (UNODC) ungumdlali ohamba phambili emizamweni yokuqinisa ezokuphepha ngokumisa imizamo yokushushumbisa.
Ngo-2020, ngokwesibonelo, i-KAFO II, a Ukusebenza kwe-UNODC-INTERPOL, yaphumelela ukuminyanisa umzila wamaphekula owawuya eSahel, lapho amaphoyisa eshaqa inqwaba yempango eshushumbisiwe: izibhamu ezingu-50, izinti ze-dynamite ezingu-40,593 6,162, izinhlamvu ezingu-1,473 2,263, amakhilogremu angu-60,000 XNUMX ensangu nekhat, amabhokisi angu-XNUMX XNUMX ezidakamizwa, amalitha angu-XNUMX .
Imisebenzi ehlabayo efana ne-KAFO II ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile mayelana nemvelo yokushushumbiswa eqhubeka iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlangene, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokuxhumanisa amachashazi phakathi kwamacala obugebengu ahlanganisa izibhamu namaphekula emazweni ahlukene, kanye nokuthatha indlela yesifunda.
Ukuhlaselwa kwenkohlakalo
Le mininingwane isekelwa uhide lwemibiko emisha ye-UNODC, ukwenza imephu kwabalingisi, amandla, imizila, kanye nobubanzi bokushushumbiswa, kuveza imicu evamile phakathi kokungazinzi neziyaluyalu, futhi kunikeze izincomo zesenzo.
Olunye lwalolo chungechunge yinkohlakalo, kanti imibiko ifuna kuqiniswe izinyathelo zokwahlulela. Uhlelo lwamajele nalo ludinga ukubandakanywa, njengoba izindawo zokubophela zingaba “inyuvesi yezigebengu” ukuze kwandiswe amanethiwekhi azo.
"Ubugebengu obuhleliwe budla ubungozi futhi bubukela phansi ukuzinza nentuthuko e-Sahel," kusho u-François Patuel, inhloko yoPhiko Lokucwaninga Nokuqwashisa lwe-UNODC. "Ukuhlanganisa imizamo nokuthatha indlela yesifunda kuzoholela empumelelweni ekubhekaneni nobugebengu obuhleliwe esifundeni."
Inhlekelele idala 'usongo lomhlaba'
Ukulwa nobugebengu obuhleliwe kuyinsika yempi ebanzi yokubhekana nenkinga yezokuphepha esifundeni, i-UN UNobhala-Jikelele u-António Guterres wathi kuyingozi emhlabeni jikelele.
"Uma kungenziwa lutho, imiphumela yobuphekula, ubudlova obunobudlova, kanye nobugebengu obuhleliwe kuzozwakala kude kakhulu nesifunda kanye nezwekazi lase-Afrika," uMnu Guterres waxwayisa ngo-2022. imizamo ekhona.”
I-UN ibasekela kanjani abantu baseSahel
- Ihhovisi le-UN likaKhomishana Omkhulu Wamalungelo Abantu (OHCHR) inikeziwe ukwesekwa okuqondile kwe-G5 Sahel Force ukusebenzisa nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukulimala kwabantu kanye nokusabela ekwephuleni umthetho.
- I-UNODC ijwayele ukujoyina ozakwethu kuzwelonke nasemhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa ne-INTERPOL, ukuminyanisa imizila yokuhlinzeka.
- I-International Organisation for Migration (IOM) uhlelo lokuphendula izinkinga ihlose ukufinyelela abantu abacishe babe yizigidi ezi-2 abantu abathintekile kuyilapho kubhekwana nezimbangela zokungaqini kahle kwesakhiwo, kugxilwe ngokukhethekile ebuthakathakeni obuwela imingcele.
- I-WHO yethula uhlelo isikhalo esiphuthumayo ukuxhasa amaphrojekthi ezempilo esifundeni ngo-2022, futhi usebenza nabalingani bezempilo abangama-350 emazweni ayisithupha.
- Isu elididiyelwe le-UN le-Sahel (I-UNISS) inikeza isiqondiso semizamo yasemhlabeni emazweni angu-10.
- The Uhlelo Lokusekela lwe-UN ngoba i-Sahel iyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukuhambisana nokuxhumana ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu kanye nokulethwa kwemiphumela ehlobene nohlaka lwe-UNISS, ngokuhambisana noMkhandlu Wezokuphepha. isinqumo 2391.
© UNICEF/Gilbertson - Amasosha aseNigerien azulazula ogwadule lwaseSahara eqondise amaqembu ezidlamlilo ahlanganisa i-ISIL neBoko Haram.
